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Topic: Catadromous

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	Catadromy of fish
		Catadromous fishes feed and grow in freshwaters and migrate downstream to the sea to breed, whereas anadromous fishes live most of their lives in the sea and migrate into freshwater to breed.
		The catadromous life cycles of the freshwater mullet and the four anquillid eels in the erratic rivers of southern Africa have made these species particularly vulnerable to man-induced changes to the freshwater environment.
		The basic strategy of the catadromous fishes of southern Africa is to make use of two different waterbodies, the ocean for breeding and freshwaters for feeding, but their need to migrate between the two makes them vulnerable to alterations to their migration routes.
	www.zsd.co.za /~houtbay/hl010104.htm (2065 words)

	ANADROMOUS FISH
		Catadromous is a term used for a special category of marine fishes who spend most of their adult lives in fresh water, but must return to the sea to spawn.
		Catadromous fishes, on the other hand, spawn in the marine environment and move to the riverine environment to mature over a several-year period.
		Catadromous fishes are a special category of marine fish that spawn in salt water and whose young migrate long distances to enter fresh water to complete their growth and development to the adult stage.
	training.fws.gov /library/pubs5/web_link/text/int_fish.htm (5519 words)

	Office of Habitat Protection Division
		Catadromous fish spend most of their adult lives in freshwater, and migrate to saltwater to spawn.
		The only catadromous species in the United States is the American eel.
		A fascinating aspect of the American eel's life history is that they migrate thousands of miles to spawn in the Sargasso Sea, located in the mid-Atlantic Ocean, south of Bermuda and north of thell diadromous fish in the world are catadromo Bahamas.
	www.nmfs.noaa.gov /habitat/habitatprotection/anadfish/indexa.htm (1094 words)

	Facts About the American Eel
		The term catadromous refers to fish born in the ocean that mature in fresh water and return to the ocean to spawn.
		The more familiar anadromous fish, like salmon or trout, are born in freshwater streams, travel to the ocean to mature, and return to their natal freshwaters to spawn.
		American eels had long been considered the only catadromous fish in North America but the discovery of these marine and estuarine population segments leads biologists to revise that description to facultative catadromy, meaning taking place under some conditions but not under others, or optional.
	www.fws.gov /northeast/AmEel/facts.html (1307 words)

	Fish migration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		catadromous fish live in fresh water, breed in the sea
		Salmon are capable of going hundreds of kilometers upriver, and humans must install fish ladders in dams to enable the salmon to get past.
		Vertical migration is a common daily behavior; many marine types move to the surface at night to feed, then return to the depths.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fish_migration (304 words)

	Catadromous Species -
		Catadromous species are species, such as eels, which reproduce in the sea but spend most of their lives in fresh water.
		Coastal States in whose waters such species spend the greater part of their life cycle have overall management responsibility for them and shall ensure their ingress and egress (Article 67).
		Fishing for catadromous on the high seas is prohibited (Article 67).
	www.oceansatlas.org /cds_static/en/catadromous_species__en_19959_all_1.html?status=ND0xOTk1OSY2PWVuJjMzPWN0biYzNz1pbmZv (145 words)

	NEFSC Fish FAQ
		Salmon, smelt, shad, striped bass, and sturgeon are common examples.
		A catadromous fish does the opposite - lives in fresh water and enters salt water to spawn.
		Since common or colloquial names of fish vary from place to place (menhaden, for example, are known by at least three different names, and striped bass are called "stripers" in New England and "rockfish" in Chesapeake Bay),
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /faq/fishfaq1a.html (430 words)

	All About Shad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The scientific name of the fish is Alosa sapidissima, meaning "most delicious." These migratory, schooling fish are found in off-shore waters from the Gulf of the St. Lawrence River to northern Florida until spring when they enter freshwater streams to spawn.
		(pronounced CA Catadromous fish live most of their lives in the fresh water, but return to the ocean to spawn.
		The back is metallic green to blue/green, and the sides are silver to white on the belly.
	www.kids.state.ct.us /shad/aboutshad.htm (789 words)

	Fish - general info (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Catadromous fish live in freshwater, but travel to the high-salinity ocean waters to spawn.
		The only catadromous species in the Bay ecosystem is the American eel, or Anguilla rostrata, which leaves its habitat in the Bay to spawn in the Sargasso Sea.
		Anadromous fish, such as the American shad and the blueback herring, travel from the high salinity waters of the lower Bay or Atlantic Ocean to spawn in the Bay watershed’s freshwater rivers and streams.
	www.chesapeakebay.net.cob-web.org:8888 /info/fish1.cfm (679 words)

	Underwater World - Template (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A general term referring to both anadromous and catadromous species.
		"Catadromous" species, eels being the main example, spawn in the ocean but live part of their lives in fresh water.
		The term marine mammal is applies to all species of whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals and sea lions.
	www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /zone/under-sous_e.htm (138 words)

	Catadromy
		Catadromous fishes are born in salt water, spend their adult lives in fresh water and then return again to salt water to spawn.
		A catadromous goby just happens to be the world's smallest animal with a backbone.
		The dwarf pygmy goby, Pandaka pygmaea, boasts a modest overall length of 11 millimeters.
	www.aquarium.org /anadromdy/catadromy.htm (376 words)

	The North and South Rivers Watershed Association - Third Herring Brook
		Some fish are permanent residents of the North and South Rivers and their tributaries, while others visit only to feed or spawn.
		Anadromous fish (such as herring, shad and alewives) live part of their lives at sea, then migrate up river to spawn in fresh water.
		Catadromous fish (such as the American eel) breed out at sea, and the young travel up the river to feed and grow.
	www.nsrwa.org /programs/third_herring_brook.asp (1525 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The marine species that are not dependent on estuaries as nursery areas were represented by three species, while the euryhaline freshwater species, obligate catadromous species and facultative catadromous species were each represented by one species.
		The dominant members of the estuarine-spawning group were well represented by all post-larval life-history stages, whereas the mean individual size of each of the marine-spawning species indicated that juvenile size classes dominated this group.
		The euryhaline freshwater species (category IV), the obligate catadromous species (category Va) and the facultative catadromous species (category Vb) were each represented by a single species.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?fb01003 (6778 words)

	Some fish migrate between fresh water and the sea
		"Use it in a sentence, please?" Aquatic life that lives in fresh water and spawns in salt water is catadromous.
		Well, this woman lives in salmon country and knew the word anadromous, which means animals living in salt water and spawning in fresh.
		It's a good question and the answer is a definite yes and no. We have in-between fish.
	www.susanscott.net /Oceanwatch2002/apr26-02.html (507 words)

	American Eel - stripers 247.com - freshwater american eels
		Family overview: Freshwater eels are the only catadromous fishes in North America.
		“Catadromous” means that they spawn in salt water and live as adults in fresh water.
		Anadromous fishes, like salmon and American shad, spawn in fresh water but live as adults in the ocean.
	www.stripers247.com /americaneel.htm (770 words)

	Oceans Alive - Regional Work - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Species can be anadromous, living primarily at sea but migrating up rivers to spawn, or catadromous, living primarily in lakes, ponds and rivers but migrating out to sea to spawn.
		Furthermore, sea-run strains of the native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) exist alongside resident freshwater populations in the Northeast.
		Although the catadromous strategy is less common, the Atlantic coast is home to one major catadromous species, the American eel (Anguilla rostrata).
	www.oceansalive.org /ourwork.cfm?subnav=regional&contentID=4448 (360 words)

	Early Life History of Fishes Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		that freshwater eels are not supported by catadromous individuals, do not appear to hold for the Baltic, although it is clear that noncatadromous fish composed the majority of our silver eel samples.
		However, we believe our estimates of guidance efficiency are higher than would be experienced at an actual intake due to the full depth bypass, the limited depth of the flume, and the short length of each rack configuration that we evaluated.
		Mortality of migrating catadromous eels at hydroelectric facilities is an impact that may be contributing to stock declines of several Anguilla species.
	www.fisheries.org /html/publications/catbooks/ce.shtml (8274 words)

	American Eel in Alabama
		Wenner and Musick (1975) reports that American eels feed on small fishes, crayfishes, and insects in fresh water and on small crustaceans, bivalves, and polychaete worms in coastal areas.
		Called a catadromous species, eels spend six or seven years of their lives in fresh water but move out to sea to breed.
		As they reach adult size in the fresh waters of eastern North America and are stimulated to spawn, they begin a long, one-way migration that takes them downstream into the Gulf of Mexico, around the tip of Florida, and into the Atlantic Ocean.
	www.outdooralabama.com /fishing/freshwater/fish/eel (897 words)

	The North and South Rivers Watershed Association - History
		On the other hand, catadromous fish such as the American eel breed out at sea, and the young travel up the river to feed and grow.
		Near the mouth of the North River, at "The Spit", several saltwater fish species can be found, especially at high tide A list of these commonly seen species will soon to be posted on this webpage.
		The anadromous and catadromous fish that visit the North and South Rivers and their tributaries depend upon free-flowing waters for their habitat and livelihoods.
	www.nsrwa.org /recreation/fish.asp (254 words)

	The Virtual Aquarium of Virginia Tech--Freshwater Eels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The American eel is the only eel species found in frewshwater rivers in North America.
		Adults are catadromous and migrate downstream to the Atlantic Ocean and spawn in the Sargasso Sea (near Bermuda).
		The young are ribbon-like (leptocephalus) larvae which float and swim for 1-3 years in the ocean before returning to freshwater.
	www.cnr.vt.edu /efish/families/anguillidae.html (222 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A catadromous ("ca-ta-drom-ous") fish is just the opposite.
		These fish are born in saltwater, spend most of their lives in freshwater, and return to the saltwater to spawn.
		The American eel is an example of a catadromous fish.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/education/questions/questions.html (1362 words)

	Endangered Species Consolidation Act of 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		(a) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS- All functions with respect to anadromous species and catadromous species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) that were vested in the Secretary of Commerce or the National Marine Fisheries Service immediately before the enactment of this Act are transferred to the Secretary of the Interior.
		`(23) The term `catadromous species' means a species of fish that spawn in ocean waters and migrate to fresh waters.'.
		(1) ANADROMOUS SPECIES AND CATADROMOUS SPECIES- Each of the terms `anadromous species' and `catadromous species' has the meaning that term has under section 3 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended by section 3 of this Act.
	www.theorator.com /bills107/hr2409.html (792 words)

	spawn or die!
		Salmon suffer greatly from clear cutting of timber, shoddy logging practices, acid rain and farmed salmon
		catadromous fishes inhabit freshwater, and move downstream to saltwater to reproduce/spawn, once catadromous fishes enter saltwater they initiate drinking, and they begin to secrete salts
		s an example of catadromous fishes, as they spend most of their lives in fresh water, and after 40 years eventually migrate to the sea to spawn
	www.kayakcraig.com /fish.html (590 words)

	American eel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) is a catadromous fish found on the eastern coast of North America.
		It has a snake-like body with a small sharp pointed head.
		Although many anglers are put off by the snake-like appearance of these catadromous fish, eels are in fact exceptionally good fish.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_eel (281 words)

	Town of Falmouth, MA wetlands regulations: Part 2- Coastal Wetlands
		The banks of and land under the ocean, estuaries, ponds, streams, rivers, lakes or creeks that underlie an anadromous/catadromous fish run are significant to protection of marine fisheries.
		Anadromous and catadromous fish ("the fish") are renewable protein resources that provide recreational, aesthetic and commercial benefits.
		Such fish runs shall include those areas which have historically served as fish runs and are either being restored or are planned to be restored at the time the Permit Application is filed.
	www.buzzardsbay.org /sect2.htm (18531 words)

	Diadromous Fishes Symposium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This symposium will review the current state of scientific knowledge with respect to biology, ecology, and conservation of diadromous fishes (including anadromous, catadromous, potamodromous, and amphidromous species).
		The symposium theme will build upon that of the very successful 1986 American Fisheries Society symposium, Common Strategies of Anadromous and Catadromous Fishes (Dadswell et al.
		However, emphasis will be expanded to address how recent alterations to the environment and human activity have affected diadromous fishes with respect to their sustainability and role in aquatic ecosystems.
	www.anacat.ca /index.php (102 words)

	Biology, Management, and Protection of Catadromous Eels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This book explores strategies for providing effective management and protection of eels, in the face of increasing challenges to resource agency managers and operators of water resource projects, such as hydroelectric operations.
		The principal source for scientific information on catadromous eels, this title explores the rapid evolution of technical information, and offers information exchange and dialog for addressing management methods, protection needs, and protection measures.
		There is no other single source for such information; in fact, not since 1977 has a book or edited volume of technical papers including eel biology been produced.
	www.fisheries.org /html/publications/catbooks/x54033.shtml (791 words)

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