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Topic: Catagenesis (geology)

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	Oil exploration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oil and gas exploration are grouped under the science of petroleum geology.
		Areas thought to contain hydrocarbons are initially subjected to a gravity survey or magnetic survey to detect large scale features of the sub-surface geology.
		Features of interest (known as prospects) are subjected to more detailed seismic surveys which works on the principle of the time it takes for reflected sound waves to travel through matter (rock) of varying densities and using the process of Depth conversion to create a profile of the substructure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oil_exploration (369 words)

	Geology and Geophysics, 2003, V 44, N 9.
		Catagenesis of organic matter and petroleum potential of the jurassic, triassic, and paleozoic deposits in the northern areas of the west siberian megabasin A.
		Regionally, the degree of OM catagenesis of the Jurassic deposits increases from the margins to the central and northern, most buried, areas of the West Siberian megabasin.
		The porosity of sandstones depends on much more factors operating both on sedimentogenesis and on subsequent catagenesis of the rocks; the major of them are the depths of the maximum burial of sediments, the size of mineral grains, and the intensity and time of secondary cementation of rocks.
	library.iem.ac.ru /geo-geop/9-4403.html (4030 words)

	Catagenesis. Who is Catagenesis? What is Catagenesis? Where is Catagenesis? Definition of Catagenesis. Meaning of ...
		Catagenesis is a term used in petroleum geology to describe the cracking process which results in the conversion of organic kerogens into hydrocarbons.
		This chemical reaction is believed to be a time, temperature and pressure dependent process which creates liquid and/or gaseous hydrocarbon Hc from primary kerogen X and can be summarised using the formula:
		It is generally held that the dependence on pressure is negligible, such that the process of catagenesis can be given as a first-order differential equation:
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Catagenesis (132 words)

	Transformation
		C, the catagenesis process is destructive and all hydrocarbons are converted to methane and graphite.
		Thus the Catagenesis phase involves the maturation of the kerogen; petroleum is the first to be released from the kerogen followed by gas, CO and H
		The H:C ratio declines until the residue remaining is comprised mostly of C (carbon) in the form of graphite.
	www.leeric.lsu.edu /bgbb/3/transformation.html (676 words)

	Catagenesis of Organic Matter in Triassic Rocks of West Siberia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The level of catagenesis (maturation) is lowest in the southeast of the study area with Ro=0.55 (MK-1).
		To the west of the Ob River in the Sherkalin area of the Uvat-Khanty-Mansiysk microplate the maturation level is similar at Ro=0.64.
		This study found that there is no abrupt increase in level of catagenesis at the transition from Jurassic to Triassic.
	geocities.com /internetgeology/L150a.html (592 words)

	Reservoir Development in Clayey Rocks - Decompaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A mechanism is proposed here that involves specific changes in clayey rocks during catagenesis that lead at certain temperatures and pressures to decompaction.
		In this connection it is interesting that all known clayey rocks that have reservoir properties, regardless of age, composition, or structure, occur in the same temperature zone at 60-120 degrees C in the 1.7-3 km depth interval.
		Studies have disclosed that anomalously decompacted rocks are associated genetically with the top and bottom of the middle zone of catagenesis.
	www.geocities.com /internetgeology/L97a.html (494 words)

	Russian Geology James Clarke Russia Central Asia Caucasus
		It is estimated that with increase in degree of coalification from the brown-coal stage to anthracite the amount of methane generated by one ton of coal increases from 68 to 287 cubic meters whereas the amount of carbon dioxide decreases.
		It is proposed that since at the brown-coal stage of catagenesis of the organic matter of the Pokur Series methane was generated in subordinate quantities in comparison with carbon dioxide, most of thje methane of the Cenomanian gas could have formed as a result of bacterial reduction of carbon dioxide.
		From 1950 to 1959 he was a professor of geology at Vanderbilt University, University of South Carolina, and Duke University.
	www.users.qwest.net /~kryopak/JamesClarke.htm (963 words)

	Litosfera/2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Estimation of the main factors of underground water formation and of the catagenesis of aquaclude deposits, also evaluation of squeezed fossil waters from Narva aquaclude deposits during burial history is made.
		Generalized palinspastic reconstructions that characterise the structural and subsidence conditions spanning the formation of underground water in basins during diverse epochs were made.
		A hydrochemical and isotopical study aimed at establishing the qualitative composition of underground waters presented by recent conditions of different lithogenic zones, consequently, at the application of the actualism principle to reconstruct the ancient chemical peculiarities of the underground hydrosphere at different development stages: sedimentary-infiltrational, elisional (compaction) and re-infiltrational.
	www.geo.lt /Litosfera/n4A/n4A_6.htm (164 words)

	Department of Lithology and Marine Geology - Laboratories
		The work of the laboratory is directed to reconstruction of processes and conditions of sedimentogenesis and lithogenesis (diagenesis, catagenesis, metagenesis), on the analysis of their interaction and evolution in ancient - pre-Quaternary - sedimentary basins.
		The laboratory was organized as structural division of Faculty of Geology by the order of the Minister of Education of RSFSR in March, 1967.
		According to new structure of Faculty of Geology in 1976 the laboratory was included in structure of the Department of Dynamic Geology, and in 1983 was one of two laboratories including in structure of new Department of Lithology and Marine Geology.
	www.geol.msu.ru /deps/lithology/laborat.htm (741 words)

	Internet Geology petroleum geology Russia CIS NIS
		Catagenesis of Paleozoic Sediments of Southeast of North Caspian Depression.
		Petroleum Geology is a quarterly digest of Russian language articles on the petroleum geology of the Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union.
		Petroleun Geology is published on a non-profit basis in the interest of our science, which is to say that the subscription income covers the cost of manufacture and distribution of the printed issues.
	geocities.com /internetgeology (1882 words)

	Catagenesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		You are still welcome to make a donation or purchase Wikimedia merchandise.
		The cracking process in which organic kerogens are broken down into hydrocarbons (see catagenesis (geology))
		This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catagenesis (112 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Petroleum geology is the utilization of geology in the exploration and exploitation of deposits of petroleum and natural gas.
		The formation of a commercial deposit of petroleum arises from an influx of petroleum into a reservoir bed which occurs in a trapping situation and is large enough to be exploited at a profit.
		The purpose of this course is to examine each of these four basic components (i.e., petroleum source rock and migration, trap, reservoir, and economics) and discuss the role of the geoscientist in each.
	www.umanitoba.ca /academic/faculties/science/geological_sciences/program/courses/7452.html (443 words)

	Geology - Reference U - Z
		Upson, J. E., and Spencer, C. W., 1960, Glacial geology of buried bedrock valleys on the New England coast (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.
		Vanuxem, Lardner; and Keating, W. On the geology and mineralogy of Franklin, in Sussex County, New Jersey: Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Journal, v.
		Walker, R. G., 1969a, The juxtaposition of turbidite and shallow-water sediments: A study of a regressive sequence in the Pennsylvanian of North Devon, England: Journal of Geology, v.
	www.hofstra.edu /Academics/HCLAS/Geology/GEO_uzref.cfm (12497 words)

	STRATIGRAPHY OF TERTIARY SEDIMENTS IN THE SOUTHWEST VIÖT NAM CONTINENTAL SHELF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, correlation with the geology of Hµ Tiªn area and islands of the Gulf of Thailand has allowed to date the limestone and terrigenous sediments as Paleozoic and Mesozoic.
		The beds of the formation were subjected to secondary alteration of from the early catagenesis phase to the beginning of the late catagenesis phase for sediments lying deeper than 2800 m.
		They were subjected to secondary alteration at the early catagenesis stage with claystone and sandstone of weak cementation by clayey cement, or of medium cementation by carbonate.
	www.idm.gov.vn /Nguon_luc/Xuat_ban/Tapchi2004/22/t31.htm (2675 words)

	LIST OF GEOLOGY COURSES
		Introduction to structural geology, description of rock structures, graphical solutions to structural problems, computer manipulation of structural data, strain analysis, rock fabric analysis, field analysis of tectonic structures, analysis of structures from maps and cross sections, and structural geology and tectonics.
		Lectures on advanced topics in marine geology: structure and composition of oceanic lithosphere, continental margin structure and evolution, seismic stratigraphy, paleoceanography, critical events in world ocean history, and advanced sampling and geophysical techniques.
		Prerequisites: Senior standing in geology, earth science or related fields, completion of an upper division course in geology or earth science in the area of the topics chosen and approval of the topic chosen by the Geological Sciences faculty.
	seis.natsci.csulb.edu /deptweb/webcourses/courselist.html (3379 words)

	TSOP: Selected References: Visual Kerogen
		Bostick, N.H., 1979, Microscopic measurement of the level of catagenesis of solid organic matter in sedimentary rocks to aid exploration for petroleum and to determine former burial temperatures - a review, in P.A. Scholle and P.R. Schluger, eds., Aspects of diagenesis: SEPM Special Publication 26, p.
		Crick, I.H., C.J. Boreham, A.C. Cook, and T.G. Powell, 1988, Petroleum geology and geochemistry of middle Proterozoic McArthur basin, northern Australia II: assessment of source rock potential: AAPG Bulletin, v.
		Massoud, M.S., and R.R.F. Kinghorn, 1985, A new classification for the organic components of kerogen: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v.
	www.tsop.org /refs/visker.htm (5355 words)

	TSOP: Selected References: Vitrinite Reflectance
		Bostick, N.H., 1979, Microscopic measurement of the level of catagenesis of solid organic matter in sedimentary rocks to aid exploration for petroleum and to determine former burial temperatures -- a review, in P.A. Scholle and P.R. Schluger, eds., Aspects of diagenesis: SEPM Special Publication 26, p.
		Carr, A.D., and J.E. Williamson, 1990, The relationship between aromaticity, vitrinite reflectance and maceral composition of coals: implications for the use of vitrinite reflectance as a maturation parameter: Organic Geochemistry, v.
		Zhang, E., and A. Davis, 1993, Coalification patterns of the Pennsylvanian coal measures in the Appalachian foreland basin, western and south-central Pennsylvania: GSA Bulletin, v.
	www.tsop.org /refs/vitref2.htm (6345 words)

	APPALACHIAN/CORDILLERAN BIBLIOGRAPHY
		F., 1958, The geology of the Triassic lowland of southeastern New York and northern New Jersey, p.
		Akerly, S., 1820, An essay on the geology of the Hudson River, and the adjacent regions; illustrated by a geological section of the country from the neighborhood of Sandy Hook, in New Jersey, northward through the Highlands, in New York, towards the Catskill Mountains:
		R., and Buddington, A. F., 1970, Geology (sic) and magnetite deposits of the Franklin quadrangle and part of the Hamburg quadrangle, New Jersey: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 638, 73 p.
	www.dukelabs.com /References/Refs0404.htm (7167 words)

	Petroleum geology bibliography
		Gladkov, V. G., Nikitin, V. P., and Khrenov, P. M., 1970, About the question of kinematics of halogenating in the profiles and in the folded belt of the Southern part of the Siberian Platform: Academy of Sciences of the USSR Reports, v.
		Peterson, J. A., and Clarke, J. W., 1991, Geology and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the West Siberian Basin, 32 of AAPG Studies in Geology: Tulsa, Oklahoma, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 96 p.
		Yanshin, A. L., 1962, Forecasts of discovery of salts in the territiry of Siberia: Academy of Science of the USSR, Siberian Department, Geology and Geophysics, v.
	www.talkorigins.org /origins/biblio/petroleum_geology.html (2832 words)

	1996-1998 GRADUATE CATALOGUE REQUIREMENTS AND COURSEDESCRIPTIONS
		Students without a foundation in geology or science may be advised to enroll as a non-degree student while meeting prerequisites.
		Examination of the biologic, chemical, and geologic processes involved in the accumulation of petroleum-source rocks, including diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis of petroleum prone organic matter of migration, accumulation, and maturation of liquid hydrocarbons and of geochemical parameters useful in hydrocarbon exploration.
		The systematic analysis of the separation and differentiation of rock units on the basis of the assemblages of fossils which they contain; special emphasis will be placed on the evolution of biothermal systems through time and problems of the establishment and utilization of biostratigraphic boundaries.
	www.geo.utep.edu /pub/carrick/Grad_Info/grad_cat.html (2951 words)

	Geology - Reference A - C
		Adams, G. F., 1958, The geology of the Triassic lowland of southeastern New York and northern New Jersey, p.
		Alavi, M., 1975, Geology of the Bedford Complex and surrounding rocks, southeastern New York: Amherst, MA, University of Massachusetts Department of Geology and Geography Contribution 24, 117 p.
		Birak, D. J., and Hawkins, R. J., 1985, The geology of the Enfield Bell mine and the Jerritt Canyon district, Elko County, Nevada, p.
	www.hofstra.edu /Academics/HCLAS/Geology/GEO_ACREF.cfm (14084 words)

	Mineral Resources - Eromanga Basin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Samples taken from the Surat Basin are dominantly dry in composition with C13 isotope ratios indicating a biogenically affected or coal seam derivation.
		John Smith from the CSIRO has described a process whereby after catagenesis, methane and ethane may be converted to carbon dioxide, which may be subsequently reduced back to methane in an environment, such as an acquifer, leaving dry gas only.
		The C13 composition of methane is consequently altered to isotopically light signatures (depleted in C13), mimicing those of biogenic gas.
	203.202.139.161 /geology/nswOverview/eromangaBasin (1601 words)

	Mission 2007
		Catagenesis: Temperatures increase to 250C and kerogen generates oil or gas.
		Metagenesis: Occurs at 250C right when the kerogen is going to change into oil or gas.
		Catagenesis is the most important stage, and is different for the three different types of kerogen.
	web.mit.edu /12.000/www/m2007/teams/finalwebsite/geology/hydroform.html (420 words)

	Western siberia bibliography
		Kontorovich, A. et al., 1977, Main steps and results of reconnaissance in West Siberian oil and gas province: Geology of Oil and Gas, v.
		Kontorovich, A. et al., 1975, Geology of oil and gas of West Siberia [in Russian]: Moscow, Nedra, 679 p.
		Levchuck, M. A., and Fomin, A. N., 1983, Catagenesis of Jurassic sediments of the east part of the Yenisey-Katanga downwarp [in Russian]: Akad.
	www.talkorigins.org /origins/biblio/western_siberia.html (171 words)

	catagenesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		lipids isotopes kerogen diagenesis and catagenesis the image is supposed to represent ancient burial!
		basin are inflected in a wide range of catagenesis (PK/2-MK/2) [27, 47, 153), but in the basic part deposition in conditions of zone of mezo- catagenesis.
		Earth history - global processes and chronology; 2) mineralization - diagenesis, catagenesis; 3) hydrogeology and characterization of water and air masses; 4) biogeochemistry and biological...
	catagenesis.networklive.org (279 words)

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		Bosworth, W. M., 1980 ms., Structural geology of the Fort Miller, Schuylerville, and portions of the Schaghticoke 7 1/2' quadrangles, eastern New York, and its implication in Taconic geology, and experimental and theoretical studies of solution transfer in deforming heterogeneous systems: Albany, NY, State University of New York at Albany Department of Geology Ph.
		Bosworth, W. M., 1984b, The relative roles of boudinage and "structural slicing" in the disruption of layered rock sequences: Journal of Geology, v.
		Brock, P. C., 1993 ms., Geology of parts of the Peach Lake and Brewster quadrangle, southeastern New York and adjacent Connecticut, and basement blocks of the north-central Appalachians: New York, NY, City University of New York Graduate Faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ph.
	www.hofstra.edu /FORMS/FORMS_printPage.cfm?thepage=GEO_ACREF (18398 words)

	Replies
		Thomas Gold is an astrophysicist and his petroleum geology theories have been widely discredited.
		Gold believed that it was the major source and building block for more complex hydrocarbons - as compared to the well-developed process of petroleum catagenesis.
		Gold's claim of obtaining "substantial" oil and gas from crystalline rocks is a misnomer.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/671542/replies?c=5 (317 words)

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