
	Where results make sense

Topic: Catalan independence

Related Topics

Estelada flag

Catalan Countries

Catalan language

	Catalan Language - ninemsn Encarta
		Catalan is spoken by around 6,667,000 people as a first language, in Spain, in the provinces of Aragón, Catalonia, Murcia, Valencia, and the Balearic Islands; in Andorra (where it is an official language); in Italy, in Alghero, Sardinia; in France, in nearly the whole of the Pyrénées-Orientales; and in parts of South America.
		The Catalan language is a Romance language and was the official language of the Kingdom of Aragón in the 12th century.
		For years some philologists held that Catalan was merely a dialectal offshoot of Provençal and that during the Middle Ages it had raised itself for a time to the dignity of a literary language.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562725/Catalan_Language.html (472 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Catalan language
		Catalan IPA: [ˈkʰæ.təˌlæn] (català IPA: [kə.tə'la] or [ka.ta'la]) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia (in the latter with the name of Valencian), and in the city of L'Alguer in the Italian island of Sardinia.
		Catalan is taught as a separate subject and is used as the teaching medium at all levels of the education system in Catalonia.
		Catalan is also the language of an extensive area covering the eastern part of the Spanish State (the Balearic Islands, Valencia, and a part of Aragon -the Franja de Ponent or Western Marches-), Andorra, where it is the only official language, the south of France (the so-called Northern Catalonia) and the Italian city of Alghero.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Catalan-language (2552 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Reapers' War
		Catalan (CatalÃ) or Valencian (ValenciÃ) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra and co-official in several regions of Spain.
		Mount Canigou (2785m), a Catalan landmark Roussillon (Catalan RossellÃ³; Spanish RosellÃ³n) is one of the historical counties of the former Principality of Catalonia, corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French dÃ©partement of PyrÃ©nÃ©es-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees).
		Cerdagne (Catalan: Cerdanya; French: Cerdagne; Spanish: CerdaÃ±a) is a small region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain and which is historically one of the counties of Catalonia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Reapers%27-War (1021 words)

	Euromosaic - Catalan in Catalonia (Spain)
		Throughout the Middle Ages, Catalan was the normal language of the subjects of the King of Aragon in the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdoms of Majorca and Valencia.
		Following the demand from the Parliaments of the Balearic Islands (1987) and Catalonia (1988) for Catalan to be recognised as an official language of the institutions of the European Community, the European Parliament approved, on 11 December 1990, the "Resolution on the situation of languages in the Community and on the Catalan language".
		Catalan is therefore the language of habitual use of slightly over half the population of Catalonia (and almost all of the population of Catalan origin) as a result of the trend towards bilingualism among Spanish speakers.
	www.uoc.edu /euromosaic/web/document/catala/an/i1/i1.html (5547 words)

	Catalan History
		Catalan is spoken in the provinces of Girona, Lleida, Tarragona, Castellón, Valencia, Alicante and the Balearic Islands.
		Catalan literature went into a decline after the loss of independence of Aragon to Castile and the triumphant rise and spread of Castilian.
		Catalan is now a language used for poetry, prose, science and journalism but Castilian Spanish is the language used to communicate with the rest of Spain, the appeal of Catalan being confined to within its borders.
	artsweb.bham.ac.uk /AengusWard/LingsPres0102/catalan_history.htm (1048 words)

	History of Barcelona
		While the Catalans may have hoped that union with the kingdom of Castile would pump cash back into the coffers and vitality onto the streets, heirs to the crowns of Castile and Aragón were more interested in juicing Catalunya to finance their own imperial ambitions.
		Franco wasted no time in banning Catalan and flooding the region with impoverished immigrants from Andalucía in the vain hope that the pesky Catalans, with their continual movements for independence, would be swamped.
		Catalan was revived with a vengeance, the Generalitat, or local parliament, was reinstated, and today, people gather all over town several times a week to dance the sardana.
	www.aboutbarcelona.com /barcelona/history.asp (1034 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Catalan nationalism
		Both support Pierre Vilar, who contends that in 13th and 14th centuries “the Catalan principality was perhaps the European country to which it would be the least inexact or risky to use such seemingly anachronistic terms as political and economic imperialism or ‘nation-state’” (McRoberts 13).
		This is because the Catalan bourgeoisie had not yet abandoned the hope of spearheading the Spanish state (Conversi 1997: 14).
		In 2006, a referendum was held on amending the 1979 Catalan Statute of Autonomy to further expand the authority of the Catalan government.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Catalan_nationalism (4170 words)

	Catalan Language - MSN Encarta
		Catalan Language, language that originated in Catalonia, a region in northeastern Spain.
		Catalan is spoken in Spain, in the autonomous regions of Catalonia and València and in the Balearic Islands; in France, in nearly the whole of the Pyrénées-Orientales; in Andorra; and in Alghero in Sardinia.
		For years some philologists held that it was merely a dialectal offshoot of Provençal and that during the Middle Ages it had raised itself for a time to the dignity of a literary language.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562725/Catalan_Language.html (131 words)

	Catalan Language
		Catalan came to be spoken, even if not always as a first language, in five states around the Mediterranean which were governed by Catalan dynasties.
		Due to the Royal Chancellery, whose style was strongly influencing for all Catalan writing, the prose of the 14th and 15th centuries was marked by a high degree of uniformity.
		Medieval Catalan was so close to Lemosí, the literary dialect of Occitan in southern Gaul, that it is thought by some to have been imported from beyond the Pyrenees in the resettlement of refugees from the Moors.
	www.orbilat.com /Languages/Catalan/Catalan.html (2004 words)

	Catalan Nationalist Flags (Spain)
		It was adopted as the flag of the Estat Catala (Catalan State) party, which proposed the creation of an independent Catalan state, the flag of which would include a blue triangle (since the flag without triangle is considered the flag of the Catalan nation but not of the state).
		This flag is used by Catalan independentist leftist nationalists who propose the creation of an independent Republic of the Catalan Countries containing all Catalan-speaking territories [so-called Països Catalans, Catalan Countries], that is to say Catalonia, Valencia, Balearic Islands, Rousillion [France] and Alghero in Sardinia [Italy].
		This is not the flag of the Catalan Countries, which should be the same of Catalonia, just an independentist leftist proposal.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/es}ct.html (677 words)

	Hispanic Exhibitions at The British Library: 800 years of Catalan literature
		Catalan, spoken by some six million people (more than speak Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Lithuanian, Irish or Albanian), is one of the Romance languages and reflects in its linguistic features its geographical position between Castilian to the west, and French and Provençal to the north.
		The medieval court of Aragon was bilingual in Aragonese and Catalan; with the establishment of the Castalian Trastámara dynasty in 1412, Catalan had to share literary status with Castilian.
		In both, political, literary and linguistic Catalanism are present, although a traditional distinction is made between the pro-Europeanism of Modernisme and the sense of nationalist political responsibility of Noucentisme.
	blpc.bl.uk /collections/westeuropean/catalan.html (1145 words)

	The Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, Bologna Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Catalan is the weaker language in a bilingual society where Spanish is equally spoken.
		These studies estimate the Catalan fiscal imbalance with Spain to be between 7.5 percent and 10 percent of the Catalan GDP i.e.
		Catalan politicians need to ensure the continuity of the culture and language, but they also need to inform Catalans openly that they are paying a high price to be part of a unitary Spanish state.
	www.jhubc.it /bcjournal/articles/desquens.cfm (5307 words)

	<Catalan>
		Catalan people have a strong feeling of cultural identity, and discussions about the constitution of an independent Catalan state are a current topic in public and private conversations.
		It has a history of enduring prosecution, with landmarks in 1714 when Catalunya lost its political independence from Spain, and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco (from 1939 to 1975.) With the achievement of democracy in Spain, many efforts were paid to the normalization of Catalan in the territories where it was traditionally spoken.
		Some think that the restoration of Catalan necessitates the independence of the Catalan Countries, so that a legal and political space is created for the protection of this language and culture.
	sophia.smith.edu /~ejuarros/Catalan.htm (346 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Catalans in Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Catalan nationalist party CiU withdrew its support from the Spanish parliamentary government after years of support, citing the scandals faced by the Socialist Party (including allegations of wiretapping and misuse of government money to fund attempts to kill members of the Basque ETA organization) and the slow progress towards decentralization.
		In the 1978 constitution, the Catalans and other groups gained the right to determine 45% of the school curricula in their regions, which allowed them to work a Catalan spin into history and other lessons.
		The Catalan regional parliament passed a law requiring that Castilian (Spanish) and Catalan be given equal treatment in schools; that radio and television stations broadcast half their programs in Catalan; and that radio stations with government concessions play Catalan-language songs at least 25% of the time.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=23002 (1230 words)

	Message Board :: View topic - Catalan transllation
		Catalan is a language spoken by more of 6 milion people from eastern Spain, southern France and a city in Italy.
		In fact, catalan is older -the first catalan writings that remain are form the 11th century- and it have been strongly related with old southern french languages like occitan or provenzal that eventually have influenced a lot the french language as we know it right now.
		In the country Spain four different languages are spoken: catalan, euskera (also known as basc -a very old pre-indoeuropean language- this means probably more than 7000 years- talk by more than one milion people), galego (a dialect of portugues) and castillan -the language known by everybody as spanish.
	www.climateprediction.net /board/viewtopic.php?t=1330&highlight= (687 words)

	Footnotes to History- C
		Catalan Republic- Catalan nationalism has deep roots, stretching back to the development of a Catalan national identity by the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.
		The Tatar descendants of the Mongols declared independence briefly during the Russian Revolution of 1905.
		Cuckfield, Independent State of- Cuckfield is a small rural town of 3,000 nestled in Sussex.
	www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natc.htm (6093 words)

	Chapter 5: A History of Spain and Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		After the collapse of the caliphate, the Catalan counties were able to assume the offensive, their impetus strengthened by the population density that had been built up in "Old Catalonia" by the eleventh century.
		In the meantime, the Catalan count was to exercise the powers of the Aragonese crown, and even in the event that the tiny Petronila died before the marriage could be consummated, the house of Barcelona was still to inherit the Aragonese crown.
		This independent Catalan dominion over central Greece lasted for three generations, and by 1370, one-third of the population of Athens was said to be Catalan.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne5.htm (10921 words)

	World Policy Institute - Research Projects
		He said that the Catalan nationalist movement, the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) led by Jorde Pujol, insists on de facto independence, including an independent football team and representation in international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the EU, without threatening the viability of the Spanish constitution.
		The CDC understands that an independent Catalonia would not be able to be truly independent from its parent state; economic growth and prosperity depend on close economic relations between Catalonia and Spain and the other states of the EU.
		Cabana ended his presentation by reiterating the commitment of Catalan leaders to the ideals of democracy and moderation, arguing that Catalan support for the EU is indicative of this.
	www.worldpolicy.org /projects/eurasia/barcel/panel2.html (2002 words)

	HISTORY OF BARCELONA AND CATALUNYA, Barcelona Tourist Information and Travel Guide at InfoHub.com
		Catalan cultural identity can be traced back as far as the ninth century.
		From the quilt of independent counties of the eastern Pyrenees, a powerful dynastic entity, dominated by Barcelona, and commonly known as the Crown of Aragón, developed over the next six hundred years.
		In 1814, the repressive Ferdinand VII had been restored to the Spanish throne, and, despite the Catalan contribution to the defeat of the French, he stamped out the least hint of liberalism in the region, abolishing virtually all Catalunya's remaining...
	www.infohub.com /destinations/Europe%2D%26%2DRussia/Spain/Barcelona/107153.htm (797 words)

	ipedia.com: Catalonia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya, Spanish: Cataluña, French: Catalogne) is a region and Spanish autonomous region (Comunidad autónoma) in the north-east of the Spanish state.
		A Catalan nationalist movement arose in the nineteenth century, and when the Spanish Republic was declared in 1931, Catalonia became an autonomous region.
		One of the keys to Catalan politics is the fact that Barcelona, because it attracts migrants from all over Spain and Latin America, is a majority Spanish-speaking city, particularly in working-class areas, while the rural regions, and the middle and high-class urban areas, remain solidly Catalan-speaking.
	fav.ipedia.com /catalonia.html (1304 words)

	Barcelona Travel Guide - Description, history of Barcelona, hotels, flights, Barcelona city tour circuits
		The Catalans managed to keep their creative beacon alight through to the 14th century, when Barcelona ruled a mini-empire that included Sicily, Malta, Sardinia, Valencia, the Balearics, the French regions of Rousillon and Cerdagne and parts of Greece.
		Disaffected Catalans resorted to arms a number of times, and the last revolt, during the War of the Spanish Succession, saw Catalonia siding with Britain and Austria against Felipe V, the French contender for the Spanish throne.
		Franco wasted no time in banning the Catalan language and flooding the region with impoverished immigrants from Andalucía in the vain hope that the pesky Catalans, with their continual movements for independence, would be swamped.
	www.bestcitiestravel.com /barcelona (1109 words)

	The Emperor's New Clothes: Catalan nationalism, Spanish News, Spain, Expatica
		Thousands upon thousands of Catalan books are produced each year but never bought, to keep the 'quota' of books up and the language supposedly alive.
		And I know very well that there are sound reasons why Catalan nationalism has been on the rise since Franco's death almost 30 years ago.
		The dictator's ban on Catalan and the region's culture provided the seeds on which today's nationalism have thrived.
	www.expatica.com /source/site_article.asp?subchannel_id=82&story_id=25223&name=The+Emperor%27s+New+Clothes%3A+Catalan+nationalism (683 words)

	Catalan Solidarity Mural - Indymedia Ireland
		During 2007, the Catalan independence movement is commemorating the occupation of the Catalan Countries with a campaign titled: 300 Years of Occupation & Resistance.
		Catalan representatives also met with former Republican and Republican Socialist Political Prisoners to exchange experiences as a gesture of continuing solidarity with the Catalan struggle.
		Moreover, the Catalan people were obligated to display this image of Philip V. Following the death of the dictator Franco, who proclaimed the present Spanish King as head of state, it was also ordered for all institutional buildings, schools etc to display a picture of him.
	www.indymedia.ie /article/83637 (1311 words)

	EiTB24::Portada
		Only one party involved in the talks, the small Catalan Republican Left, which favours Catalan independence, rejected Sunday's deal as "insufficient," but said it would continue to negotiate.
		On Sunday, the government announced that it had reached "a global deal" with Convergence and Union, which although in opposition in Catalonia is the leading political group in the region, whose capital is Barcelona.
		The Catalans, and Zapatero, insist the charter is not a first step to independence.
	www.eitb24.com /portal/eitb24/noticia/eitb24-politics-spains-pm-begins-round-of-talks-on-new-charter?itemId=D7327&cl=/eitb24/politica&idioma=en (542 words)

	Catalan Solidarity
		A Catalan politician, writer, religious and advocator for the independence of the Catalan Countries.
		Catalan Solidarity: Ireland Committee will be hosting a public meeting that will include a video showing of 'A Tornllom' an insight into a Catalan community's 10 years resistance against their eviction and demolition of their land,and the participation from the Donegal network activists of MAOR.
		Catalan Solidarity has been inspired by the work of Catalan Anti-Repressive organisations such as Alerta Solidària and Rescat, who were set up with the aim of supporting Catalan people who have been imprisoned by the Spanish government for politically motivated activism.
	www.catalansolidarity.blogspot.com (2460 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)