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Topic: Catalan nation

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Pasqual Maragall

Generalitat de Catalunya

Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya

List of Presidents of Catalonia

Catalonia

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Second Spanish Republic

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	Paisos Catalans
		Catalan was reborn as a language of literary culture through the poetry contest known as the Jocs Florals and the works of distinguished figures, not least of which was Buenaventura Carlos Aribau, whose 1833 Oda a la patria is one of modern Catalan's best poems.
		Catalan nationalism was supported by the nascent Catalan bourgeoisie as a solution to Catalonian particularism that coupled political and cultural autonomy with economic integration with the rest Spain.
		Fluency in Catalan is highest in the provinces of Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona, with their relatively small immigrant populations, and lowest in the provinces of Barcelona and the Balearic Islands owing to their large immigrant populations (respectively, 29% and 38% of each province's population).
	www.ahtg.net /TpA/paiscat.html (3061 words)

	Catalonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Catalonia (Catalan : Catalunya Spanish : Cataluña French : Catalogne) is a region and Spanish autonomous region (Comunidad autónoma) in the north-east of the Spanish state.
		Catalonia constitutes the original nucleus and the important and extensive territory of Catalan language and culture but the norm in is Catalan-Castilian bilingualism and this is one the first things the visitor notices upon the territory.
		A Catalan nationalist movement arose in the century and when the Spanish Republic was in 1931 Catalonia became an autonomous region.
	www.freeglossary.com /Catalonia (1430 words)

	The Catalan Language
		Catalan (Català) is a Romance language understood by as many as 12 million people in portions of Spain, France, Andorra and Italy, and spoken by more than 7 millions.
		By the end of the 10th century Catalan was already a fully-formed language, clearly distinguishable from its Latin origins.
		Catalan retained its vigour until the union of the Aragonese and Castilian crowns in 1474.
	www.telefonica.net /web2/catalannation/catalan.htm (331 words)

	Idioma Valencià - CATALANIST IMPERIALISM
		The catalan nationalism, with the participation of catalan government (Generalitat of Catalonia), being based on the slogan of the imperialistic nazism: "A (Catalan) language, A (Catalan) nation", tries to annex the Autonomous Valencian Community to the (fictitious and invented) political project of the "països catalans" ("catalan countries") or "(imperial) great(sic) catalonia"
		Without considering the legitimacy of the independence ambitions of the Catalan nationalism it is necessary to reveal its strong imperialistic character on the historical and independent Kingdom of Valencia (nowadays the Autonomous Valencian Community).
		The imperialistic catalan nationalism presents to the "països catalans" ("catalan countries") as a exclusively linguistic concept (that according to the catalan nationalism it has been solved by the "science" and "all the philologists of the world" in favor of the Catalan language - a completly falsehood), concealing deliberately its real political meaning.
	perso.wanadoo.es /idiomavalencia/iimperial.htm (495 words)

	Catalan Countries' fight, forward to freedom : Thunderbay IMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Catalan Countries are divided in sections by the Spanish state in three "regions": Principality of Catalonia (four provinces), Valencian Country (three provinces), and the Balearic Islands (one province).
		The Catalan language disappeared from all the public organisms, its use was banned and it was also banned to teach it in schools.
		The Catalan language could only be used in the family life, and those that showed any Catalan sign, or those that had been elected members of the Catalan government were imprisoned, assassinated or had to go into exile.
	thunderbay.indymedia.org /print.php?id=18692 (1807 words)

	Catalonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469) unified Christian Spain; in 1492, the last of Al-Andalus was conquered and the Spanish conquest of the Americas began.
		Catalan, regarded as the native language of Catalonia, is one of the three official languages of the region as established in the Catalan Statute of Autonomy [2].
		Catalan is properly regarded by most linguists as being an Iberian Romance language (the group that includes Spanish), but it has many features of Gallo-Romance languages such as French.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catalonia (2237 words)

	SIOBHÁN HARTY \| Lawyers, Codification, and the Origins of Catalan Nationalism, 1881–1901 \| Law and History ...
		The defense of Catalan civil law against the introduction of the Spanish Civil Code in the late nineteenth century was the catalyst for a broad social movement that would be transformed into Catalan nationalism by the turn of the twentieth century.
		Catalan opposition to the Spanish Civil Code was rooted in a conservative view of society, one in which social order was maintained by structured household relations that dictated one's place and purpose.
		In this article, the nation is understood as an ethnically distinct group; nationality refers to the status of belonging to a particular nation; and nationalism refers to a doctrine used to mobilize people around their national identity for political purposes.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/20.2/forum_harty.html (13907 words)

	The Elastic Nation or When Is A Category Not A Category
		In 1886,Valenti Almirall, one of the founding fathers of the Catalan movement, published a book entitled Lo catalanisme in which he described in great detail the Castilian and Catalan characters and attempted to show that they were incompatible and would never be happy bedfellows as long as the one tried to control the other [12].
		Prat, however, had argued that nation and state should be co-extensive and it was, therefore, essential for him to demonstrate that Spain was in fact not a nation but a multinational state.
		Despite the bad publicity it has received, identity, including national identity, is important and it is not surprising to me that those like the Catalans who feel themselves to be very different from their neighbours should struggle to defend it when it is threatened.
	www.intellectbooks.com /nation/html/elast.htm (5015 words)

	Saxton
		In short, "it is not the case...that nationalism imposes homogeneity, it is rather that a homogeneity imposed by objective imperative eventually appears on the surface in the form of nationalism."22
		Catalans, for instance, could realistically remain within the "autonomous community" of Catalonia, the "state" of Spain, and the "superstate" of the European Community, yet still retain sufficient self-determination in a re-worked federalism to be satisfied with their level of self-rule.
		Some Catalans believe this date was the end of their political freedom, and have since taken to hanging puppets of King Philip upside down on the anniversary of the defeat in the war.
	www.nd.edu /~dmyers/cbsm/vol2/saxton/apsa98.htm (9504 words)

	IES -- Transcripts 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As far as Catalan is concerned, we can see that, while it is not official in one of the Communities where it is spoken in part (Aragon), it is official with a different name in another (Valencia), causing a wide range of legal and political problems.
		The second seeks an increase of the presence of Catalan in the media and cultural industries and a move forward regarding the actual use of Catalan in social and economic fields.
		As Catalonia's own language, Catalan has to be used as a rule in the Administration and institutions, despite the individual right to use either of the official languages when dealing with them.
	www.ies.ubc.ca /events/pubs/costa.html (9220 words)

	Idioma Valencià - FOURTH PART
		The political ideology of the catalan nationalism, of which the political forces of Catalonia widely are taking part, is based on the slogan: "A (Catalan) language, A (catalan) nation".
		"Països catalans" is a political invention, not much older than a century, elaborated by politicians and ideologists of Catalonia who dreamed with a "Great Catalonia" independent of Spain and formed by the catalan counties (Catalonia), the French Roussillon, a band of Aragon bordering on Catalonia, the islands Balearics and the historical Kingdom of Valencia.
		As by historical, political, linguistic and cultural aspects it is more that demonstrable that the valencian people and the Kingdom of Valencia always have been independent from the catalan counties (nowadays "Catalonia"), the catalanist ones have intruded into the educational valencian system to spread their ideas from there.
	perso.wanadoo.es /idiomavalencia/ipregpart4.htm (1004 words)

	Catalan Countries - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nowadays, the term is politically charged, and also tends to be closely associated with Catalan nationalism and Catalan independentism.
		For example, in the north-western region of Catalonia known as Val d'Aran, a dialect of Occitan, Aranese, is spoken and considered the native language, although Spanish and Catalan are also spoken.
		The term is inevitably controversial, because Catalan nationalism is controversial, especially in a Spanish context.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catalan_Countries (461 words)

	Catalan Nationalist Flags (Spain)
		It was adopted as the flag of the Estat Catala (Catalan State) party, which proposed the creation of an independent Catalan state, the flag of which would include a blue triangle (since the flag without triangle is considered the flag of the Catalan nation but not of the state).
		This flag is used by Catalan independentist leftist nationalists who propose the creation of an independent Republic of the Catalan Countries containing all Catalan-speaking territories [so-called Països Catalans, Catalan Countries], that is to say Catalonia, Valencia, Balearic Islands, Rousillion [France] and Alghero in Sardinia [Italy].
		This is not the flag of the Catalan Countries, which should be the same of Catalonia, just an independentist leftist proposal.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/es}ct.html (677 words)

	euskalherria.com - GARA - Maragall: Catalan nationhood is not negotiable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Catalan party leaders, representing the entire political spectrum of the Catalan parliament with the sole exception of the party that represents the Spanish right wing, told the press that they do not seek to break away from the Spanish state, but had come to Madrid to express their united backing for the new statute.
		And the Catalan socialist Pasqual Maragall, president of Catalonia's coalition government, who met with Spain's president Zapatero at the Moncloa palace, warned the PP that 'by directly opposing a decision made by the Catalan people through their legitimate representatives, they are likely to bring about a split-up' within the Spanish state.
		The term 'nation' in the definition of Catalonia, Maragall said in an interview for a Spanish private television station, 'is not negotiable'.
	www.gara.net /english/weekly/20051003/art135052.php (449 words)

	The National Symbols. Catalonia. Generalitat of Catalonia
		In the end, the horizontal position prevailed, becoming the official flag of the Catalan nation: four red bars alternating with five yellow ones, all of the same width.
		Els Segadors was declared the Catalan national anthem by an Act of the Catalan Parliament dated 25 February 1993.
		Snatch of 12" of the national anthem of Catalonia (374 Kb)
	www10.gencat.net /gencat/AppJava/en/catalunya/simbols/llengua.jsp (642 words)

	A Special Advertising Section on Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pujol is an especially fervent supporter of the Catalan language, wanting it to be spoken by all Catalonia's inhabitants regardless of their origin.
		The 16 Catalan votes in the Spanish Parliament are courted by parties needing to consolidate their grip on national power.
		His philosophy is that diverse identities - Spanish and Catalan nationality - can coexist and intermingle, arguing that Catalonia's support has made Spain both governable and stable.
	www.internationalspecialreports.com /archives/99/spain/21.html (667 words)

	PWHCE \| Catalonia: A Linguistic Perspective on a Nation Within a Nation - Upcoming Event (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Her specific interest is the Catalan language and its history.
		The Catalonians, while considering themselves part of the Spanish 'nation', have a strong and disctinct language and literature, from which arises a separate, distinct Catalan national identity.
		The co-existance of the Catalan nation and the Spanish nation of which it is part, has been periodically tested through Spain's history, such as under the Franco regime.
	www.pwhce.org /talk0904.html (289 words)

	UK Indymedia - Catalan Referendum, ballot spoiling called
		Vote for Freedom: Vote for Catalan Independence, as the Spanish government refuses the Catalan nation its right to hold a referendum to decide its future, a campaign to spoil the ballot papers in the next referendum to grant further autonomy to the Catalan nation is called.
		In 1979, before the hostile backdrop of the latter years of Franco’s dictatorship, large sectors of Catalan society thought that the contemporary statute would be a useful tool in the commencement of the process of self-governance, clamored for from the Assemblea de Catalunya, the popular multi-party organization of the day.
		Now, almost three decades later, we Catalans once again find ourselves at the edge of a referendum to ratify the text of a new statute, but today’s political situation is much different from that of thirty years ago.
	www.indymedia.org.uk /en/2006/03/336462.html (518 words)

	Catalonia Catalunya
		is the biggest non independent nation of Europe, the capital is Barcelona.
		is an autonomous community of Spain, the rest of the nation is know as "Catalunya Nord" Northern Catalonia and it is ruled by France.
		This site is under construction and therefore updated very offen, do not miss the chance to know more about this land and visit us each time you want to learn more about this special country.
	www.telefonica.net /web2/catalannation (193 words)

	UK Indymedia - Catalan Countries' fight, forward to freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Probably you will have heard about Antoni Gaudi's architecture; about the beaches of the Costa Brava; about the Eivissa parties; about the Barcelona F.C.; about the NBA player Pau Gasol; about the Valencian Falles; or about the struggle of this land to reach freedom.
		The Principality of Catalonia, the Valencian Country, and the Balearic Islands form the Catalan Countries, where you are now - territories under the Spanish state administration -, and the North of Catalonia - in the French state.
		Please install the CAcert root certificate to verify the authenticity of the site, for more information see the security page.
	www.indymedia.org.uk /en/2005/02/305622.html (2036 words)

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