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Topic: Catalase

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Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide

Peroxisome

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	Oxford Biomedical Research (800) 692-4633
		Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is present in the peroxisomes of nearly all aerobic cells and serves to protect the cell from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide by catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2 (1,2).
		Catalases are tetramers of four identical subunits (220,000 to 350,000 kD), each with a heme prosthetic group at the catalytic center.
		Catalase activity can be directly monitored in the ultraviolet region (7), however the UV assay is subject to interference due to absorption by protein and other components in biological samples.
	www.oxfordbiomed.com /fr20catalase.html (334 words)

	Catalase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Catalase is a tetramer of 4 polypeptide chains which are at least 500 amino acids in length.
		The reaction of catalase in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is:
		Recently, catalase has begun to be used in the aesthetics industry in mask treatments combining the enzyme with hydrogen peroxide on the face to increase cellular oxygenation of cells in the upper layers of the epidermis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catalase (618 words)

	Catalase FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Catalase is an enzyme present in the cells of plants, animals and aerobic (oxygen requiring) bacteria.
		Catalase that is released by the bacteria plays a role in protecting the bacteria from being destroyed by white blood cells during an infection.
		Catalase is a popular enzyme to use for the study of enzyme kinetics.
	www.seps.org /cvoracle/faq/catalase.html (1149 words)

	Catalase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Catalase behaves as a catalyst for the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
		Catalase is an example of a particularly efficient enzyme.
		Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers for all known enzymes (40,000,000 molecules/second).
	crystal.uah.edu /~carter/enzyme/catalase.htm (82 words)

	Pfam 20.0 : Catalase-rel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, serving to protect cells from its toxic effects [1].
		Catalases () are antioxidant enzymes that catalyse the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen, serving to protect cells from its toxic effects PUBMED:11351128.
		Catalases act to neutralise hydrogen peroxide toxicity, and are produced by all aerobic organisms ranging from bacteria to man. Most catalases are mono-functional, haem-containing enzymes, although there are also bifunctional haem-containing peroxidase/catalases () that are closely related to plant peroxidases, and non-haem, manganese-containing catalases () that are found in bacteria PUBMED:14745498.
	pfam.wustl.edu /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=Catalase-rel (161 words)

	Characterization of a Heme-Dependent Catalase from Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus -- Shima et al. 67 (7): 3041 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Biochemical and genetic analyses of a catalase from the anaerobic bacterium Bacteroides fragilis.
		Purification and characterization of a catalase from the nonsulfur phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides Ath 2.4.1 and its role in the oxidative stress response.
		Brioukhanov, A. L., Netrusov, A. I., Eggen, R. The catalase and superoxide dismutase genes are transcriptionally up-regulated upon oxidative stress in the strictly anaerobic archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/7/3041 (2946 words)

	Catalase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Catalase Catalase (human erythrocyte catalase: PDB 1DGF, EC 1.11.1.6) is a common enzyme found in living organisms.
		To manage this problem, the enzyme catalase is frequently used to rapidly catalyse the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into harmless oxygen and water.
		Catalase is also used in the textile industry, removing hydrogen peroxide from fabrics to make sure the material is peroxide free.
	catalase.iqnaut.net (288 words)

	New binding site in catalase? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		During an all-against-all comparison of a database of protein domains, we found a significant similarity between a domain in catalase and the structures of calycins, a group of proteins having no sequence similarity, but which adopt a common up-down-up-down, anti-parallel beta barrel structure.
		Catalase appears to have a similar, though partially covered pocket.
		The pocket in catalase has a volume (as calculated by Insight) of approximately 115 angstroms, the cavity in avidin has a volume of approximately 224 angstroms, the larger size being explained mostly by the fact that the cavity in avidin is open to solvent on one side.
	bonsai.lif.icnet.uk /people/rob/catalase.html (220 words)

	The Effect Of Substrate Concentration On The Activity Of The Enzyme Catalase
		Catalase is an enzyme found in food such as potato and liver.
		To obtain catalase from a substance such as potato would involve crushing it and with that method you would never be sure of the concentration of the catalase.
		If the catalase was used up then another potato would have to be crushed and this could produce catalase of a totally different concentration which would lead to inaccuracies in the experiment making this an unfair test.
	www.neiljohan.com /projects/biology/enzymes.htm (1851 words)

	Catalase - An Extraordinary Enzyme
		Catalase is one of the most potent catalysts known.
		This extraordinary bifunctionality of Catalase led me to wonder whether there is perhaps some as yet unrecognised post translational modification or allosteric effect that specialises and fine-tunes Catalase for one or other of its two roles.
		The increased surface area of the sphere of influence relative to that of the Catalase molecule itself increases the diffusion limit.
	www.catalase.com /cataext.htm (2011 words)

	Infection-Associated Decline of Cape Buffalo Blood Catalase Augments Serum Trypanocidal Activity -- Wang et al. 67 (6): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		by inclusion of allopurinol or catalase in the incubation mixture
		Reversible inhibition and irreversible inactivation of catalase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
		Decreased catalase activity is the underlying mechanism of oxidant susceptibility in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/6/2797 (3825 words)

	Enzyme Lab
		the enzyme catalase is present in the peroxisomes of nearly all human cells.
		Catalase uses the iron atom to help it break the bonds in the two molecules of hydrogen peroxide, shifting the atoms around to release two molecules of water and a molecule of oxygen gas.
		In the case of catalase, the optimum pH is approximately pH 7.0.
	bioweb.wku.edu /courses/Biol120/Web/enzyme1.asp (520 words)

	Catalase Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Catalase is found in animal and plant tissues, and is especially abundant in plant storage organs such as potato tubers, corn and in the fleshy parts of fruits.
		Catalase on the filter paper disk will produce oxygen, which will form bubbles attached to the disk.
		The oxygen produced from the breakdown of the hydrogen peroxide by catalase becomes trapped in the fibers of the disk causing the disk to float to the surface of the solution.
	www.hamline.edu /depts/biology/courses/biocon2/Catalase.html (1797 words)

	Group Koller - Research
		Typical catalases, forming the largest of three subgroups, are found in almost all aerobically respiring organisms, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
		In addition to their potential to solve the problem of the formation of the pseudoknot, these modifications also dramatically increase the stability of the enzyme (catalases show irreversible dissociation upon dilution; since this is accompanied by complete loss of activity, applications of catalases in biotechnology or pharmacology up to now are very limited).
		Catalase A from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: structure-function relationship of the tightly bound co-factor NADPH.
	www.univie.ac.at /ibmz/groups/koller.htm (1693 words)

	Mice Lacking Catalase Develop Normally but Show Differential Sensitivity to Oxidant Tissue Injury -- Ho et al. 279 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		hydrogen peroxide for catalase or 0.008% cumene hydroperoxide
		Due to the large size of native catalase (a tetramer of 60-kDa subunits), it tends to stay in the stacking gel.
		Mice Deficient in Catalase Are Susceptible to Trauma-induced
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/31/32804 (5839 words)

	Glutathione Peroxidase-Catalase Cooperativity Is Required for Resistance to Hydrogen Peroxide by Mature Rat ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Raw control values for catalase and GPx activities in O4 and MBP cells were similar to those indicated in Figure 6.
		Dringen R, Hamprecht B (1997) Involvement of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the disposal of exogenous hydrogen peroxide by cultured astroglial cells.
		Lardinois OM, Mestdagh MM, Rouxhet PG (1996) Reversible inhibition and irreversible inactivation of catalase in presence of hydrogen peroxide.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/24/7/1531 (6225 words)

	Title of Invention: Gene sequence encoding Aspergil lus niger catalase-R
		Catalase preparations from A. niger are sold commercially for diagnostic enzyme kits, for the enzymatic production of sodium gluconate from glucose, for the neutralization of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 waste, and for the removal of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and/or generation of O.sub.2 in foods and beverages.
		However, it has been observed that catalase is produced in response to the generation of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 during growth of the organism on glucose or fatty acids.
		This enzyme (catalase-A) is not of commercial importance at this time, however, a second cloned A. niger catalase gene, designated as catR, encodes a soluble cytoplasmic enzyme (catalase-R) which represents the major activity in commercial catalase preparations.
	www.nal.usda.gov /bic/Biotech_Patents/1994patents/05360901.html (3637 words)

	Mitochondrial Catalase Overexpression Protects Insulin-Producing Cells Against Toxicity of Reactive Oxygen Species and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Stable overexpression of catalase in insulin-producing control RINm5F cells transfected with the vector lacking the insert (lane 1) or transfected with human catalase targeted to cytoplasm (cyto; lane 2) or to mitochondria (mito 1 and 2; lanes 3 and 4).
		inhibited glucose oxidation and overexpression of catalase in
		catalase overexpression in the mitochondria is apparently a
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/9/2271 (6393 words)

	CATALASE TEST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		One of these enzymes is catalase and its presence can be detected by a simple test.
		The catalase test involves adding hydrogen peroxide to a culture sample or agar slant.
		If the bacteria in question produce catalase, they will convert the hydrogen peroxide and oxygen gas will be evolved.
	medic.med.uth.tmc.edu /path/catalase.htm (123 words)

	Bacterial Catalase in the Microsporidian Nosema locustae: Implications for Microsporidian Metabolism and Genome ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		100 bp (12), the genomic context of the catalase gene
		The orientation and position of catalase, ORF1, and ORF2 are shown, as are the positions of the variant clones, Nl-58 and Nl-165.
		to the region downstream of the catalase gene.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/2/5/1069 (4312 words)

	Catalase deficiency in Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius is associated with natural loss-of-function mutations ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Catalase is a haem-containing enzyme involved in dismutation
		Crude extracts corresponding to lanes B and D were diluted 1000-fold due to their high catalase activity.
		Rocha, E. and Smith, C. Biochemical and genetic analyses of a catalase from the anaerobic bacterium Bacteroides fragilis.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/146/2/465 (4450 words)

	Pages on Catalase @ www.catalase.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is ubiquitous, it is found in animal and in plant cells.
		The newer classification uses 'typical', 'atypical' and 'manganese' Catalase.
		The historical method of classifying is as HPI and HPII Catalases.
	www.catalase.com /catalase.htm (90 words)

	Overexpression of Human Catalase Gene Decreases Oxidized Lipid-Induced Cytotoxicity in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Catalase enzyme activity and Western blot analysis of the protein in the transfected cells.
		One unit of catalase activity was defined as the rate constant of the first-order reaction using purified human erythrocyte catalase as a standard.
		The membrane was hybridized with digoxin-labeled catalase cDNA in pCI-Neo (previously digested with XbaI and SalI) overnight at 62°C. The signal was detected using NBT and X-phosphate.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/8/1912 (3961 words)

	Catalase Kinetics
		Catalase is nearly ubiquitous among organisms that can grow in the presence of oxygen (air).
		The major function of catalase within cells is to prevent the accumulation of toxic levels of hydrogen peroxide formed as a by-product of metabolic processes - primarily that of the electron transport pathway.
		Each molecule of catalase has four polypeptide chains, each composed of more than 500 amino acids, and nested within this tetrad are four porphyrin heme groups - very much like the familiar hemoglobins, cytochromes, chlorphylls and nitrogen-fixing enzymes in legumes.
	www.science-projects.com /catalasekinetics.htm (3275 words)

	Catalase, a Specific Antigen in the Feces of Human Subjects Infected with Helicobacter pylori -- Suzuki et al. 9 (4): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Catalase, a Specific Antigen in the Feces of Human Subjects Infected with Helicobacter pylori -- Suzuki et al.
		Cloning and genetic characterization of Helicobacter pylori catalase and construction of a catalase-deficient mutant strain.
		Catalase, a novel antigen for Helicobacter pylori vaccination.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/9/4/784 (2897 words)

	Worthington Catalase
		Catalase is of interest commercially wherever hydrogen peroxide is used as a germicide, for example, in the food industry for disposing of H
		Mitchell and Anderson (1965) indicate catalases to be inactivated by sunlight under aerobic conditions.
		Gregory and Fridovich (1974) report on a sensitive activity stain for catalase applicable to a polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram, Haining and Legan (1972) describe a polarographic assay utilizable in tissue homogenates, and Kroll et al.
	www.worthington-biochem.com /CTL/default.html (2847 words)

	Oxis International Inc. - Catalase-520
		Eukaryotic catalases are heme enzymes but a manganese catalase has been described from prokaryotes (2).
		Eukaryotic catalases bind NADPH, which stabilizes the enzyme and prevents the formation of Compound II, a form of catalase outside the normal catalytic cycle (3).
		Studies of a mouse model of acatalasemia have demonstrated the importance of catalase in preventing methemoglobin formation in erythrocytes (6).
	www.oxisresearch.com /product_details.html?prodid=21042 (258 words)

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