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Topic: Catalysis

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	Catalysis and Biocatalysis Technologies
		Advancements in catalysis are a key spark in maintaining the impact of the chemical industry as a leading economic engine associated with contributions to a positive balance of trade.
		With this growth in leverage through catalysis, it is no wonder that catalysis-based chemical synthesis now accounts for an estimated 60 percent of today's chemicals production and 90 percent of current processes.
		Funding for catalysis from both the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy have largely been concerned with support of basic/fundamental (i.e., discovery science) research and research targeted at the agency's mission at universities or within the national laboratories.
	www.atp.nist.gov /atp/97wp-cat.htm (6747 words)

	ScienceWeek
		Catalysis is of vital importance: In biological systems, enzymes are essential catalysts for various biosynthetic pathways; in the chemical and petroleum industries, key processes are based on catalysis; in environmental chemistry, catalysts are essential to breaking down pollutants such as automobile and industrial exhausts.
		Catalysis (a word suggested in 1835 by J.J. Berzelius [1779- 1848]) is a process whereby the rate of a particular chemical reaction is hastened, sometimes enormously so, by the presence of small quantities of a substance which does not itself seem to take part in the reaction.
		The catalysis activity of the gel is thus expected to be switched on and off as the substrate is reversibly bound and released during the cycle of gel swelling and shrinking.
	scienceweek.com /2003/sw030613.htm (6195 words)

	Catalysis Summary
		One of the examples of catalysis familiar to Berzelius was the conversion of starch to sugar in the presence of strong acids.
		In chemistry and biology, catalysis is the acceleration (increase in rate) of a chemical reaction by means of a substance, called a catalyst, that is itself not consumed by the overall reaction.
		Catalysis is important in many aspects of environmental science, from the catalytic converter in automobiles to the causes of the ozone hole.
	www.bookrags.com /Catalysis (2679 words)

	VC2: Careers: Catalytic Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In heterogeneous catalysis, the reactants, which are usually in gaseous or liquid phases, flow through a reactor and sorb onto the surface of a solid catalyst.
		Chemists in the field of catalysis have backgrounds in the gamut of chemical career areas and have backgrounds in a variety of areas such as organic chemistry, physical chemistry, solid state chemistry, and surface chemistry.
		For students interested in homogeneous catalysis (where the catalyst is soluble in the reaction), a degree in organic chemistry with a strong inorganic background is useful.
	www.chemistry.org /portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=vc2\3wk\wk3_cata.html (1457 words)

	catalysis.org site
		Catalysis is a next generation approach for the systematic business-driven development of component-based systems, based on the industry standard Unified Modeling Language (UML).
		Catalysis is a non-proprietary method, in use in many projects, and supported by tools and related products and services from several companies.
		This site is a shared resource for information related to Catalysis, providing examples, discussion forums, conference tutorials and seminars, papers and presentations about the method, a light-weight Catalysis process, design patterns and architectural frameworks, summary and reference experiences from projects that are using Catalysis, and help with both commercial and academic adoption of the method.
	www.catalysis.org (448 words)

	Research - Clean Fuels and Chemicals Research - (catalysis) - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of ...
		Catalysis: An acceleration of the rate of a process or reaction, brought about by a catalyst, usually present in small managed quantities and unaffected at the end of the reaction.
		Catalysis seeks to develop materials and structures that exhibit novel properties that facilitate chemistry and significantly improve the control of chemical properties and functions due to their nanoscale.
		The economic contribution of catalysis is as remarkable as the phenomenon itself.
	www.caer.uky.edu /catalysis/research/research.shtml (1634 words)

	Northwestern: Center for Catalysis and Surface Science
		For over sixty years, Northwestern University has been at the forefront of catalysis research.
		in catalysis and related surface science have expanded.
		Environmental catalysis directed toward destruction of gaseous pollutants.
	www.northwestern.edu /catalysis (349 words)

	EMSL: Research - Catalysis
		This is coupled with resources (facilities and expertise) unique in the DOE National Laboratory system to directly apply these basic research results to large and growing programs aimed at catalyst material and process development.
		Catalysis for fuel cells; reaction mechanisms, catalyst characterization, and novel catalyst development.
		Catalysis for "Green" manufacturing technologies and for waste remediation at DOE sites - e.g., selective oxidation, solid acids for petroleum refining, and NOx reduction from stationary sources.
	www.emsl.pnl.gov /proj/catalysis.html (272 words)

	Asymmetric Catalysis - Interview with Dr. Masakatsu Shibasaki
		Catalysis based on the bifunctional concept is now widely studied not only by us, but also many research groups all over the world.
		Despite spectacular recent achievements in asymmetric catalysis, there remain confounding problems to be tackled in future research.
		Sequential asymmetric catalysis, in which one asymmetric catalyst promotes more than one mechanistically distinct asymmetric reaction in one pot, is also desirable.
	www.esi-topics.com /asy-cat/interviews/MasakatsuShibasaki.html (1014 words)

	Catalysis -- Objects, Components and Frameworks with UML
		Using the UML notation, it provides a set of techniques for defining unambiguously what is expected of a component or individual object, despite variations in implementation; and for ensuring that all the implementations meet their specifications.
		Catalysis gives you a clear way to document your designs, and to discuss them at the whiteboard.
		Fresco is the rigorous OO precursor of Catalysis.
	www.trireme.u-net.com /catalysis (1156 words)

	Catalysis. Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.: Home
		Catalysis is a key technology for the chemical industry.
		In January 2006 the Leibniz Institute for Organic Catalysis at the University of Rostock (IfOK) and the Institute for Applied Chemistry Berlin-Adlershof (ACA) merged and the Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock was born.
		The Leibniz Institute for Catalysis is the biggest publicly funded research institute in Europe performing application-oriented research in the field of catalysis.
	www.catalysis.de /index.php?id=7&L=1 (139 words)

	catalysis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Catalysis is the step(s) in an enzyme catalyzed reaction in which the substrate is converted to product.
		During catalysis, a series of reactions occur in which covalent bonds are broken and formed.
		In an animation of catalysis carried out by chymotrypsin, the red lines and arrows indicate the series of covalent bonds that are borken or formed in the process of breaking one peptide bond
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /biology/bio4fv/page/catalysp.htm (199 words)

	Quantum Ontology: Minds, Brains & Catalysis
		If we formulate the process of catalysis in autopoietic terms, then the catalyst would correspond to the closed autopoietic system and the reagents, products and the process of catalysis itself would correspond to an environmental perturbation.
		By identifying the living process with the 'transition state' of a process of catalysis, the scale invariant catalytic model firmly roots the process of life in the environment.
		By locating autopoiesis within the greater context of catalysis as the essential principle at work, we are better placed to understand the necessary relationship between autopoiesis, robustness, and the structure in the environment.
	www.psy.cmu.edu:16080 /~davia/mbc/16start.html (1532 words)

	Ostwald on catalysis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		"Catalysis is a condition of movement of the atoms in a molecule of a labile body which follows the entrance of the energy emitted from one body into another and leads to the formation of more stable bodies with loss of energy."
		If the abstractor were to formulate for himself the problem of characterizing the phenomenon of catalysis in a general way, he would consider the following expression as probably most suitable: Catalysis is the acceleration of a chemical reaction, which proceeds slowly, by the presence of a foreign substance.
		Catalytic processes are empirically found to be of the type in which this last property is observed; the existence of catalytic processes is to me therefore a positive proof that chemical processes cannot have a kinetic nature.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Chem-History/Ostwald-1894.html (611 words)

	Schuit Institute of Catalysis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		George Schuit was the first professor of catalysis in Eindhoven, and in fact the first full-time professor in catalysis in The Netherlands.
		Schuit is famous for his work in oxidation and hydrodesulfurization catalysis, and his interest in the theoretical basis of catalysis.
		Catalysis research at Eindhoven University of Technology, accommodated in the Schuit Institute, is characterized by it's wide span with the 'chain of knowledge' idea as a focal point.
	www.catalysis.nl /ski/index.php (518 words)

	Asymmetric Catalysis
		In the past decade, the hot research topics in asymmetric catalysis cover a wide spectrum of techniques and catalysts for the synthesis of chiral compounds.
		Among the many reactions discussed are the asymmetric transition of metal-catalyzed allylic alkylations; the use of chiral ruthernium complexes to affect asymmetric hydrogenation; asymmetric catalysis with water, with optically-active manganese complexes, with proline for catalyzing asymmetric aldol reactions, and with nitrogen-containing ligands, platinum, palladium, and Schiff base catalysts for facilitating asymmetric transfer reactions.
		Other research topics on the two-year top 20 list include the use of asymmetric catalysis for the synthesis of aziridines, the synthesis of modified BINOL ligands, and the combination of enzyme and metal catalysts to achieve enantioselective organic reactions.
	esi-topics.com /asy-cat (524 words)

	Center for Catalysis and Green Chemistry
		The objective of the Ames Lab Green Chemistry and Catalysis Laboratory (GCCL) is to perform catalysis research that resolves significant energy and environmental issues.
		Catalysis is critical to the protection and advancement of our national interests.
		A recent study by the National Science Foundation and Department of Energy identifies catalysis (and biocatalysis) as one of the seven critical enabling research areas that are expected to have a significant impact on the national interest.
	www.external.ameslab.gov /Catalysishome.html (442 words)

	CCR - Vision 2020 Catalysis Report
		Catalysis development and understanding thus is essential to the majority of chemical synthesis advances.
		Since this catalysis assessment is done under the umbrella of the Vision 2020 process, the recommendations are all aimed at fulfilling the vision statements in Vision 2020.
		Catalysis is a broad technical field and its great economic value is not, in and of itself, the catalyst as a product but the reaction chemistry it enables.
	www.ccrhq.org /vision/index/roadmaps/catrep.html (1639 words)

	Amazon.com: Objects, Components, and Frameworks with UML: The Catalysis(SM) Approach (The Addison-Wesley Object ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Catalysis depends on this precision, but there is no good guide for building Catalysis invariants that I can use out in the field (have to use the appendix, the UML OCL spec, and a bunch of bookmarks throughout Catalysis' chapters).
		This current Catalysis book can be the bible, but we need the commandments first - Catalysis as-is is not rigorous enough for us to be able to quote chapter and verse in preaching, in practice, and in defense.
		Catalysis may be a very effictive process, but it should be examined to see if it can use UML in ways that most software developers are accostumed to seeing.
	www.amazon.com /Objects-Components-Frameworks-UML-Addison-Wesley/dp/0201310120 (2932 words)

	A wolf in sheep's clothing
		Because the metallomonomers are immobilized in a protected form, they must be activated prior to their usage in catalysis by either ligand removal or ligand substitution.
		Although only mimicking single turnover processes, these data suggest that molecular imprinting of transition-state analogues and metal-based catalysis are complementary and promise to yield a new area of catalysis research, one in which selectivity can be influenced by the shape of associated cavities.
		As Sherrington, one of the researchers in the field of polymer-supported catalysis, has aptly written, “for those of us committed to this area, a further period of patience and dedication may be required, but there is no doubt that the future for polymer-supported synthesis has never been so optimistic” (20).
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/ci/00/aug/08gagne.html (2363 words)

	C&EN: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - A DUTCH SUCCESS STORY: CATALYSIS
		Organizations like the Dutch Institute for Catalysis Research, whose Dutch acronym is NIOK (Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek in de Katalyse), bring together universities with expertise in all areas of catalysis and allied disciplines into so-called national research schools.
		One of the aims of the programs is to promote collaboration among researchers with expertise across all areas of catalysis and related fields including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, biocatalysis, materials synthesis and characterization, and other disciplines.
		Catalysis research in Dutch universities, shown here, for example, at Delft (left) and Utrecht, is well supported by government programs.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/specialreport/8022/8022sci1.html (2715 words)

	Catalysis Science at Brookhaven
		The goal of this program is to provide an improved understanding of chemical catalysis, both heterogeneous and homogeneous, by elucidating details of the fundamental properties of molecules, surfaces, and their reactions that are critical to catalysis and energy conversion.
		The purpose of this program is to explore and manipulate the size, morphology and chemical environment of metal-containing nanoparticles with the goal of optimizing their reactivity with respect to elementary reactions that are of widespread interest in heterogeneous catalysis.
		The purpose of the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium (SCC) is to promote the utilization of synchrotron techniques to perform cutting-edge catalysis nano-science research under in-situ conditions.
	www.bnl.gov /chemistry/catalysisoverview.asp (556 words)

	Catalysis Group - Services (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Catalysis Group provides offers services to address a variety of client needs.
		Clients seeking to improve staff project management and problem solving skills have turned to Catalysis Group for years to obtain lively, practical, real-world training from experienced practitioners in the field.
		Catalysis Group consultants are popular authors and speakers on topics of project management, risk management, problem solving, and systems engineering.
	www.catalysisgroup.com /services.asp (98 words)

	ITP Chemicals: Chemicals Industry Catalysis Workshop Report
		The economic value of catalysis goes beyond the value of catalysts as products and encompasses the reaction chemistry that catalysts enable for a variety of products, e.g.
		Therefore, the key to both energy savings and CO2 emissions reductions will be the successful integration of catalytic science and process engineering research to achieve real gains in process efficiency.
		A workshop was held to identify the priorities for catalysis and the results are documented in the Catalysis Workshop Report.
	www.eere.energy.gov /industry/chemicals/visions_catalysis.html (373 words)

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