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Topic: Catalytic reforming

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Alkylation

Process

Cracking (chemistry)

MTBE

Oil refinery

Distillation

Acrylic

	FACT SHEET Refining of Petroleum
		Reforming is a process which uses heat, pressure and a catalyst (usually containing platinum) to bring about chemical reactions which upgrade naphthas into high octane petrol and petrochemical feedstock.
		Reforming converts a portion of these compounds to isoparaffins and aromatics, which are used to blend higher octane petrol.
		Hydrocracking is catalytic cracking in the presence of hydrogen.
	www.aip.com.au /industry/fact_refine.htm (3014 words)

	Catalytic reforming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A catalytic reforming process (also called the UOP Platforming ™ Process) converts a feed stream containing paraffins, Olefins and naphthene into aromatics to be used either as a motor fuel blending stock, or as a source for specific aromatic compounds, namely Benzene, Toluene and Xylene for use in petrochemicals production.
		Catalytic reforming is normally facilitated by a bifunctional catalyst that is capable of rearranging and breaking long-chain hydrocarbons as well as removing hydrogen from naphthenes to produce aromatics.
		This process is different from steam reforming which is also a catalytic process that produces hydrogen as the main product.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catalytic_reforming (273 words)

	Bifunctional catalytic reforming catalysts for commercial application
		Catalytic reforming of naphtha has evolved rapidly during the past four decades to become one of the most advanced processes available to the refining industry.
		The main objective of this process is to upgrade low octane naphtha to high octane reformate for use as high performance gasoline fuel.
		Reforming reactions occur in presence of biofunctional catalysts such as Pt-Re/g-Al, Pt-Sn/g-Al Reforming catalyst consumption in Iran’s refineries and petrochemicals are 95 ton/year.
	www.ripi.ir /en/bifunctional.asp (194 words)

	Steam reforming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Steam reforming, hydrogen reforming or catalytic oxidation, is a method of producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons.
		Small-scale steam reforming units are currently subject to scientific research, as way to provide hydrogen to fuel cells.
		This process is different from catalytic reforming, an oil refinery process that also produces significant amounts of hydrogen along with high octane rating gasoline.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Steam_reforming (633 words)

	[No title]
		Catalytic reforming unit means a refinery process unit that reforms or changes the chemical structure of naphtha into higher octane aromatics through the use of a metal catalyst and chemical reactions that include dehydrogenation, isomerization, and hydrogenolysis.
		Continuous regeneration reforming means a catalytic reforming process characterized by continuous flow of catalyst material through a reactor where it mixes with feedstock, and a portion of the catalyst is continuously removed and sent to a special regenerator where it is regenerated and continuously recycled back to the reactor.
		Semi-regenerative reforming means a catalytic reforming process characterized by shutdown of the entire reforming unit (e.g., which may employ three to four separate reactors) at specified intervals or at the owner's or operator's convenience for in situ catalyst regeneration.
	www.dep.state.fl.us /Air/permitting/writertools/t3neshap/UUU.doc (14286 words)

	Catalytic Reforming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The purpose of catalytic reforming is to increase the octane number of gasoline, starting with components that are already in the gasoline boiling point range.
		Reforming does two beneficial things in the refinery, it produces high octane gasoline (aromatics), and in produces hydrogen.
		However, the future of reforming is uncertain because the aromatic content in gasoline will continue to be reduced due to environmental regulations.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/j/p/jps182/Petroleum/reform.htm (122 words)

	Internal combustion engine with reformed gas generator - Patent 4170200
		The reformed gases produced in the reactor 115 by the catalytic reforming reaction flows through a reformed gas pipe 117 into a heat exchanger 120 where the heat exchange is effected between the reformed gases and water or air fed into the heat exchanger in the direction indicated by the arrow 131.
		In the reactor 115, the catalytic reforming reaction between air and alcohol or alcohol-containing mixture proceeds by the heat from the exhaust gases with the aid of the catalyst 116 so that the reformed gases containing a large amount of hydrogen may be produced.
		The reformed gases have the higher chemical energy than alcohol or alcohol-containing mixture, and the chemical energy of the fuel may be increased by the effective use of the heat of exhaust gases.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4170200.html (4930 words)

	Catalytic reforming of cyclic alkyleneamines - Patent 5256786
		A process of reforming piperazine or a mixture of piperazine and aminoethylpiperazine comprising contacting piperazine, and optionally aminoethylpiperazine, in the liquid phase and in the absence of reactive alcohols with a catalyst of magnesium silicate or niobium oxide at a temperature in the range from about 200.degree.
		It is seen that niobium phosphate catalyzes the reforming of a mixture of piperazine and aminoethylpiperazine predominantly to amine-extended cyclic alkyleneamines.
		The catalyst prepared hereinabove is employed in reforming a mixture of piperazine and N-(2-aminoethyl)piperzine according to the procedure of Example 1b with the conditions and results set forth in Table I. It is seen that niobium oxide catalyzes the reforming of this mixture predominantly to amine-extended cyclic alkyleneamines.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5256786.html (7090 words)

	63.1579 What definitions apply to this subpart?
		The catalytic reforming unit includes the reactor, regenerator (if separate), separators, catalyst isolation and transport vessels (e.g., lock and lift hoppers), recirculation equipment, scrubbers, and other ancillary equipment.
		The catalytic reforming unit catalyst regeneration process can be done either as a semi-regenerative, cyclic, or continuous regeneration process.
		An incinerator may use a catalytic combustion process where a substance is introduced into an exhaust stream to burn or oxidize contaminants while the substances itself remains intact, or a thermal process which uses elevated temperatures as a primary means to burn or oxidize contaminants.
	www.setonresourcecenter.com /cfr/40CFR/P63D_074.HTM (6717 words)

	Cat Reforming
		Catalytic reforming is an important process used to convert low-octane naphthas into high-octane gasoline blending components called reformates.
		Reforming represents the total effect of numerous reactions such as cracking, polymerization, dehydrogenation, and isomerization taking place simultaneously.
		A catalytic reformer comprises a reactor section and a product-recovery section.
	www.setlaboratories.com /cat1.htm (482 words)

	Catalytic Steam Reforming definition - Hydrocarbons Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Catalytic steam reforming is used to produce hydrogen by splitting water.
		Steam reacts with methane to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, when heated to very high temperatures and is in the presence of a metal based catalyst.
		Catalytic steam reforming is a different process to catalytic reforming, a process used to produce high octane fuel and hydrogen.
	hydrocarbons-technology.com /glossary/catalytic-steam-reforming.html (69 words)

	Platforming: UOP's catalytic reforming technology
		In the Platforming process, naphtha feedstock is processed over a platinum-containing catalyst to produce reformate and hydrogen.
		Reformate is a high octane, low sulfur, blending component used in the production of gasoline.
		Reformate has a high aromatic content and is commonly used as a feedstock to an aromatics complex producing benzene, toluene and xylene.
	www.uop.com /refining/1030.html (192 words)

	Catalytic reforming, catalytic - Microstructured Reactors For Catalytic Reforming Of Higher
		Catalytic reforming: A refining process using controlled heat and pressure with catalysts to rearrange certain hydrocarbon molecules, thereby converting
		A naphtha catalytic reforming unit with four reactors in series is analyzed.
		Catalytic reforming is an important process used to convert low-octane naphthas into There are many different commercial catalytic reforming processes
	catalytic.surferfind.com /?q=catalytic-catalytic-reforming (284 words)

	Catalyst support structures facilitate high-temperature fuel reforming
		Existing catalytic support structures, however, tend to break down at the high temperatures needed to prevent fouling of the catalytic surface by soot.
		To be useful for hydrocarbon fuel reforming, a catalyst support must have a high surface area, be stable at high temperatures, and possess a low pressure drop.
		While the demonstration was performed on a microscale reformer, the material could be used for large-scale reformers, Kenis said, with improvements in the fabrication processes.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-07/uoia-css072705.php (672 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic ...
		The amendments will change the affected source designations and add new compliance options for catalytic reforming units that use different types of emission control systems, new monitoring alternatives for catalytic cracking units and catalytic reforming units, and a new procedure for determining the metal or total chloride concentration on catalyst particles.
		Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal governments and the private sector.
		If you operate a catalytic reforming unit in which different reactors in the catalytic reforming unit are regenerated in separate regeneration systems, then these emission limitations apply to each separate regeneration system.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-AIR/2005/February/Day-09/a2308.htm (12464 words)

	Fuel Reforming Catalytic Reactors
		PCI is developing several fuel reforming catalytic reactors for integration into fuel processor and fuel cell power systems including:
		Our fuel reformer catalytic reactors have been demonstrated to meet or exceed DOE goals for weight and volume for on-board fuel reforming for automotive applications.
		All fuel reformer catalytic reactors are customized to optimize performance within the fuel reformer/processor system.
	www.precision-combustion.com /reformerreactor.html (304 words)

	Company Profile
		Light naphtha is processed through an isomerization unit and heavy naphtha is processed in a catalytic reforming unit or reformer so that gasoline octane is improved.
		Gas oil is converted in fluid catalytic cracking and hydrocracking units or hydrocracker into gasoline and diesel.
		Light olefins from the fluid catalytic cracker are processed in either HF acid (hydrofluoric acid) or sulfuric acid alkylation units.
	www.petroleumrefining.com /seminars.asp (621 words)

	catalytic reforming : Axens: processes, catalysts, adsorbents and advanced services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The sulfur content of the gasoline pool has followed in recent years a downward trend, both in North America and Europe, nowadays, Asian countries are also turning to ultra low sulfur gasoline.
		Axens: processes, catalysts, adsorbents and advanced services catalytic reforming Several commercial European units are already producing ULDS or have carried out test-run operations to ensure that ULSD production will be available when the market requires, arriving at low sulfur levels, i.
		Because of growing pressure from Germany on the introduction of 10ppm sulfur fuel across the EU and interest from the oil sector, the European Commission plans to announce prior to the summer recess the organisation of a hearing on sulfur, the hearing will be organised sometime in the autumn in preparation for the sulfur review.
	www.axens.net /hydrogenation-catalyst/catalytic-reforming.htm (233 words)

	JAD publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Catalytic Oxidation of CO by Aqueous Polyoxometalates on Carbon-supported Gold Nanoparticles, submitted to the Journal of Catalysis, with Won Bae Kim, G. Rodriguez-Rivera, S. Evans, T. Voitl, J. Einspahr, and P. Voyles.
		A review of catalytic issues and process conditions for renewable hydrogen and alkanes by aqueous-phase reforming of oxygenated hydrocarbons over supported metal catalysts, Applied Catalysis B 56, 171 (2005), with R. R Davda, J. Shabaker, G. Huber and R. Cortright.
		Catalytic Consequences of the Interaction in Water-Gas Shift, Journal of Catalysis 76, 93 (1982), with C. Lund.
	www.che.wisc.edu /JAD/pubs.htm (8216 words)

	Expert: Refining, Hydroprocessing, Catalytic Reforming Expert
		Expert may serve as a technical consultant, product design consultant, or litigation consultant, in addition to providing other professional consulting services in areas involving Refining, Hydroprocessing, Catalytic Reforming.
		Expert may consult as an independent consultant or as a member of a consultancy, consulting company, or consulting firm.
		Intota provides attorneys and legal professionals the opportunity to ask an expert initial screening questions and ask the experts services particulars by requesting a project.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=773308&perID=722837 (440 words)

	Amazon.com: Catalytic Naphtha Reforming, Second Edition, (Chemical Industries): Books: George J. Antos,Abdullah M. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It is a valuable companion to existing books covering other aspects of petroleum refining...provide[s]...valuable scientific background to those involved in industrial practice." --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
		Naphtha is transformed into reformate by catalytic reforming.
		Please note that we are unable to respond directly to all feedback submitted via this form, but we'll ask you to sign in so we can contact you if needed.
	www.amazon.com /Catalytic-Naphtha-Reforming-Chemical-Industries/dp/0824750586 (1101 words)

	Clean Fuels & Catalysis Research at PSU
		Catalytic Oxidation of Cyclohexane with Molecular Oxygen by Polyoxometalate-Intercalated Hydro-talcites.
		Catalytic Upgrading of SRC Derived from Pyrolytic Coal Liquefaction and Hydrocracking of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
		Catalytic Effects of MoCl3- and NiCl2-Containing Molten Salts for Hydroliquefaction of Morwell Brown and Taiheiyo Subbituminous Coals.
	www.ems.psu.edu /~song/ACEL.html (6259 words)

	Catalytic Reforming (Platforming) Catalysts and Adsorbents
		No matter what your particular operating goals may be, UOP has the right catalyst for you.
		Our portfolio of Platforming catalysts covers a broad range of applications, including cyclic, fixed-bed, and continuous reforming units.
		On a global basis, we produce more than 20 different high-performance, state-of-the-art reforming catalysts and adsorbents using the most advanced technology available in our ISO 9001:2000 certified manufacturing plants.
	www.uop.com /refining/1032.html (111 words)

	Francisco Zaera Surface Group
		Zhao and F. Zaera, Adsorption and Thermal Conversion of 2-Iodoethanol on Ni(100) Surfaces: Hydroxyalkyls and Oxametallacycles as Key Intermediates during the Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons, J. Phys.
		Bustos, C. Gopinath, R. Uñac, F. Zaera and G. Zgrablich, Lattice-Gas Study of the Kinetics of Catalytic Conversion of NO-CO Mixtures on Rhodium Surfaces, J. Chem.
		Gopinath and F. Zaera, A Molecular Beam Study of the Kinetics of the Catalytic Reduction of NO by CO on Rh(111) Single Crystal Surfaces, J. Catal., 186, 387-404 (1999).
	www.chem.ucr.edu /groups/Zaera/pubs03.html (2408 words)

	ScienceDaily: Catalyst Support Structures Facilitate High-temperature Fuel Reforming
		Nanocatalyst Behavior Observed (February 8, 2002) -- Catalysts made of small particles of metals such as platinum are widely used in the chemical and refining industries, as well as in catalytic converters in automobile tailpipes.
		Catalytic converter -- A catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the emissions from an internal combustion engine.
		Most commonly used in an automobile's exhaust system, catalytic converters are now commonly used on...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/07/050728062129.htm (1968 words)

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