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Topic: Catatonic stupor

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	Catatonic disorders - Definition, Description, Causes and symptoms, Demographics, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Catatonic disorders are a group of symptoms characterized by disturbances in motor (muscular movement) behavior that may have either a psychological or a physiological basis.
		Catatonic stupor is characterized by extremely slowed motor activity, often to the point of being motionless and appearing unaware of surroundings.
		Catatonic rigidity, in which the person assumes a rigid position and holds it against all efforts to move him or her.
	www.minddisorders.com /Br-Del/Catatonic-disorders.html (1964 words)

	Catatonia: Encyclopedia of Medicine
		Catatonic excitement, or excessive movement, is associated with violent behavior directed toward oneself or others.
		Catatonic stupor is marked by immobility and a behavior known as cerea flexibilitas (waxy flexibility) in which the individual can be made to assume bizarre (and sometimes painful) postures that they will maintain for extended periods of time.
		Catatonic excitement is characterized by hyperactivity and violence; the individual may harm him/herself or others.
	health.enotes.com /medicine-encyclopedia/catatonia (814 words)

	Catatonia: Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
		Often, the physical posture of a catatonic individual is unusual and/or inappropriate, and the individual may hold a posture if placed in it by someone else.
		Again, in its most extreme forms, catatonic stupor (not moving for hours, days, weeks, or longer), and catatonic activity (random-seeming activity) may necessitate supervision so that the individual does not hurt him- or herself, or others.
		Catatonic behaviors may also be seen in persons with other mood disorders, such as manic or mixed-mood states; these are also known as Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorders.
	health.enotes.com /mental-disorders-encyclopedia/catatonia (493 words)

	Untitled Document
		Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance.
		In catatonic schizophrenia, a catatonic stupor indicates a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment and in spontaneous activity.
		Catatonic schizophrenia sufferers display a resistance to all instructions or attempts to be moved.
	www.patrickbharrispsychiatrichospital.com /schizophrenia.htm (1855 words)

	Catatonic excitement - ArticleWorld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Catatonic excitement is a symptom of mental illness rather than a mental illness in itself.
		Another state of catatonia is catatonic stupor which is characterized by such a state of apathy that there is no reaction to external stimuli.
		Someone in a state of catatonic stupor may assume a position and maintain it for hours or for months.
	www.articleworld.org /index.php/Catatonic_excitement (295 words)

	Catatonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is indicative of other conditions such as schizophrenia (catatonic type), bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and other mental disorders, as well as drug abuse and/or overdose.
		Stupor is a motionless, apathetic state in which one is oblivious or does not react to external stimuli.
		Catatonic excitement is state of constant agitation and excitation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catatonia (913 words)

	Treatment of Psychosis, Catatonia, Suicide in Bipolar Patients
		Because catatonic symptoms are seen in other psychiatric and neurological disorders, a careful assessment is indicated for an accurate diagnosis.
		In addition, patients who exhibit catatonic stupor may go on to show more typical signs and symptoms of mania during the same episode of illness.
		The presence of catatonic features during the course of a manic episode is associated with greater episode severity, mixed states, and somewhat poorer short-term outcomes.
	www.realmentalhealth.com /bipolar/treatment_apa_guidelines_03.asp (591 words)

	Catatonia
		Catatonic excitement, or excessive movement, is associated with violent behavior directed toward oneself or others.
		Catatonic stupor is marked by immobility and a behavior known as cerea flexibilitas (waxy flexibility) in which the individual can be made to assume bizarre (and sometimes painful) postures that they will maintain for extended periods of time.
		Catatonic excitement is characterized by hyperactivity and violence; the individual may harm him/herself or others.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/catatonia.jsp&mode=print (808 words)

	Bi-Polar Disorders
		Because catatonic symptoms are seen in other psychiatric and neurological disorders, a careful assessment is indicated for an accurate diagnosis.
		In addition, patients who exhibit catatonic stupor may go on to show more typical signs and symptoms of mania during the same episode of illness (47).
		The presence of catatonic features during the course of a manic episode is associated with greater episode severity, mixed states, and somewhat poorer short-term outcomes (46).
	www.ryehospitalcenter.org /Bi-PolarDisorders.htm (3435 words)

	Catatonia Summary
		Catatonic stupor is marked by immobility and a behavior known as cerea flexibilitas (waxy flexibility) in which the individual assumes bizarre (and sometimes painful) positions that they will maintain for extended periods of time.
		Catatonic excitement is characterized by excessive movement and violence; the individual may harm him/herself or others.
		Stupor is a motionless, apathetic state in which one is oblivious or does not react to external stimuli.
	www.bookrags.com /Catatonia (918 words)

	Annals of General Psychiatry \| Full text \| The catatonic dilemma expanded
		Catatonic schizophrenia has been reported at a rate of 1 in 1000 in the general population, and up to 5% of all new diagnoses of schizophrenia [11].
		Catatonic symptoms have also been found often in groups of affective disordered patients at rates ranging from 13% to 31%, especially in manic-depressives [2,19,23].
		Catatonic syndromes may represent a regression to or neurological vestige of more primitive mechanisms, modulating disinhibited confrontation versus freezing strategies for dealing with threat, which would necessarily be linked to intense emotions [76,78,81,82].
	www.annals-general-psychiatry.com /content/5/1/14 (5917 words)

	NLP, Hypnosis, Hypnotherapy, Counselling in Chichester, West Sussex, UK
		Catatonic stupor (marked decrease in reactivity to the environment and/or reduction in spontaneous movements and activity) or mutism.
		Catatonic negativism (an apparent motiveless resistance to all instructions or attempts to be moved).
		Catatonic rigidity (maintenance of a rigid posture against efforts to be moved).
	www.23nlpeople.com /schizophrenia/schizophrenia_catatonic.html (976 words)

	Catatonic Schizophrenia: ICD Criteria for Catatonic Schizophrenia
		These catatonic phenomena may be combined with a dream-like (oneiroid) state with vivid scenic hallucinations.
		In uncommunicative patients with behavioural manifestations of catatonic disorder, the diagnosis of schizophrenia may have to be provisional until adequate evidence of the presence of other symptoms is obtained.
		A catatonic symptom or symptoms may also be provoked by brain disease, metabolic disturbances, or alcohol and drugs, and may also occur in mood disorders.
	counsellingresource.com /distress/schizophrenia/icd/catatonic.html (638 words)

	Catatonic stupor after "ecstasy" -- Lee 308 (6930): 717 -- BMJ
		Catatonic stupor after "ecstasy" -- Lee 308 (6930): 717 -- BMJ
		She was not stuporous in the neurological or psychiatric sense.
		In psychiatric practice stupor is regarded as a syndrome whose
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/308/6930/717/b (359 words)

	Coma - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Some conditions share characteristics with coma and must be ruled out in a differential diagnosis before coma is conclusively diagnosed.
		These include locked-in syndrome, akinetic mutism and catatonic stupor.
		The difference between coma and stupor is that a patient with coma cannot give a suitable response to either noxious or verbal stimuli, whereas a patient in a stupor can give a crude response, such as screaming, to an unpleasant stimulus.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Coma (1025 words)

	ICD f20
		Disturbances of affect, volition and speech, and catatonic symptoms, are either absent or relatively inconspicuous.
		Catatonic schizophrenia is dominated by prominent psychomotor disturbances that may alternate between extremes such as hyperkinesis and stupor, or automatic obedience and negativism.
		The catatonic phenomena may be combined with a dream-like (oneiroid) state with vivid scenic hallucinations.
	www.reasoned.org /dir/ds/icd_f20.htm (595 words)

	SCZCLASS
		Disturbances of affect, volition, and speech, and catatonic symptools, are not prominent.
		catatonic schizophrenia is now rarely seen in industrial countries, though it remains common elsewhere.
		A catatonic symptom or symptoms may also be provoked by brain disease.
	sabryabdelfattah.tripod.com /docs/SCZCLASS.htm (5669 words)

	Schizophrenia
		Severely disorganized or catatonic behavior Any negative symptom such as flat affect, reduced speech or lack of volition.
		Predictors for good treatment outcomes are normal adjustment before the onset of the disease and little or no family history of schizophrenia, confusion, paranoia, depression, or catatonic behavior.
		Some predictors for a poor outcome are: earlier age of onset, a family history of the illness, withdrawal, apathy, and prior history of a thought disorder.
	www.psychnet-uk.com /dsm_iv/schizophrenia_disorder.htm (1099 words)

	Catatonia - Definition, Description
		Often, the physical posture of a catatonic individual is unusual and/or inappropriate, and the individual may hold a posture if placed in it by someone else.
		Again, in its most extreme forms, catatonic stupor (not moving for hours, days, weeks, or longer), and catatonic activity (random-seeming activity) may necessitate supervision so that the individual does not hurt him- or herself, or others.
		Catatonic behaviors may also be seen in persons with other mood disorders, such as manic or mixed-mood states; these are also known as Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorders.
	www.minddisorders.com /Br-Del/Catatonia.html (499 words)

	catatonic definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Search for "catatonic" in all of MSN Encarta
		in state resembling trance: in a state of inertia or apparent stupor often associated with schizophrenia, characterized by rigidity of the muscles
		in drunken stupor: in a stupefied or unconscious state, especially one caused by drunkenness (informal)
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_/catatonic.html (91 words)

	Depression Forums - A Depression & Mental Health Community Support Group
		Catatonic depression is a rare form of major depression characterized by (at least two): Stupor, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiarities in voluntary movement, and repetition of other people's words or actions.
		In people who are uncommunicative and where it appears the person might have catatonic schizophrenia, the diagnosis of schizophrenia may have to be provisional until adequate evidence of the presence of other symptoms is obtained.
		A catatonic symptom may also be provoked by an organic brain disease, metabolic disturbances, or alcohol and drugs, and may also be seen occasionally in certain mood disorders, like depression.
	www.depressionforums.org /index.php?pid=110 (1082 words)

	PsychiatryOnline
		The specifier With Catatonic Features is appropriate when the clinical picture is characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve motoric immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarities of voluntary movement, echolalia, or echopraxia.
		During severe catatonic stupor or excitement, the person may need careful supervision to avoid self-harm or harm to others.
		Catatonic states have been found to occur in 5%–9% of inpatients.
	www.psychiatryonline.com /content.aspx?aID=2906 (513 words)

	A Z Psychiatry
		Disturbances of affect, volition, and speech, and catatonic symptoms, are not prominent.
		In addition, hallucinations and/or delusions must be prominent, and disturbances of affect, volition and speech, and catatonic symptoms must be relatively inconspicuous.
		An uncommon disorder in which there is an insidious but progressive development of oddities of conduct, inability to meet the demands of society, and decline in total performance.
	www.azpsychiatry.info /icd/psychosis/schizophrenia.htm (2405 words)

	Catatonic schizophrenia
		Without any apparent motivation, people with catatonic schizophrenia may not respond to instruction, may resist any attempt to be moved or may not speak at all.
		A diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia indicates that the catatonic symptoms are dominant, the person has other symptoms of schizophrenia and the symptoms can't be attributed to other disorders.
		Although the catatonic symptoms may be dominant at the time of initial assessment, they may not be chronic, they may be alleviated with medication, and other symptoms may become prominent during the course of the disease.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00863.html (953 words)

	Essays.cc - Catatonic Schizophrenia
		Catatonic schizophrenics experience many of the same symptoms as the other types, especially loosely attached thought and speech patterns and paranoia.
		In one experiment involving 250 patients, all with catatonic schizophrenia, 110 fall into the predominantly withdrawn class, 67 experience primarily excited symptoms, and 73 are considered mixed between behaving stuporous and excited (Morrison 1973).
		Although during the stupor seems to be completely out there and unconnected to reality, some patients can even retell the accounts of the stupor and the reason, and what they were thinking at the time.
	www.essays.cc /free_essays/f2/kfw97.shtml (590 words)

	Catatonic stupor superimposed on hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration resolved with electroconvulsive therapy.
		Catatonic stupor superimposed on hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration resolved with electroconvulsive therapy.
		We report a 58-year-old woman with catatonic stupor superimposed on hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) and psychotic depression.
		Full-text of this article is available online (may require subscription).
	coma.researchtoday.net /archive/3/7/90.htm (137 words)

	Catatonia in Adolescents and Children
		A 1930 report that intravenous barbiturates successfully resolved catatonic stupor was the first milestone in its treatment, heralding the psychopharmacology revolution.
		Stupor or catalepsy (27 out of 29), mutism (26 out of 29), posturing/grimacing/stereotypy (16 out of 29), echolalia or echopraxia (four out of 29) and excessive motor activity (four out of 29) were the main catatonic features.
		A 14-year-old boy with a pre-existing history of autism exhibited stupor with mutism, akinesia, rigidity, waxy flexibility, posturing, facial grimacing and involuntary movements of the upper extremities (Zaw et al., 1999).
	www.psychiatrictimes.com /p020928.html (1340 words)

	Encephalitis lethargica, a contemporary cause of catatonic stupor. A report of two cases -- Johnson and Lucey 151 (4): ...
		Encephalitis lethargica, a contemporary cause of catatonic stupor.
		Two cases of catatonic stupor are described due to presumed encephalitis
		Catatonic and obsessional phenomena in the setting of a
	bjp.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/abstract/151/4/550 (191 words)

	DSM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Psychotic symptoms and behavior that is grossly disorganized or catatonic are prominent.
		The onset of the active phase is often associated with a psychosocial stressor.
		atatonic stupor: Marked decrease in reactivity to environment and/or reducation or spontaneous movements and activity or mutism.
	www.ns.purchase.edu /psych/Psychobio_of_Schizophrenia/history/DSMIII.htm (693 words)

	Major Depressive Disorder Specifiers
		The specifier With Catatonic Features can be applied to the current Major Depressive, Manic, or Mixed Episode in Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar I Disorder, or Bipolar II Disorder.
		Catatonic states have been found to occur in 5%-9% of inpatients.
		Among inpatients with catatonia, 25%-50% of cases occur in association with Mood Disorders, 10%-15% of cases occur in association with Schizophrenia (see Schizophrenia, Catatonic Type), and the remainder occur in association with other mental disorders (e.g., Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Personality Disorders, and Dissociative Disorders).
	www.recurrentdepression.com /site/more/29 (1010 words)

	Catatonic Schizophrenia
		Catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by auditory and visual hallucinations and most typically the presence of bizarre motor activity.
		Other symptoms include: prolonged maintenance of a fixed posture (catalepsy), grimacing, parrot-like repetition of a word or phrase just spoken by someone else (echolalia), repetitive imitation of the movements of another person (echopraxia), stupor or excitement.
		Like disorganised schizophrenia, early age of onset is characteristic and like in some cases of schizophrenia, there is often a history of shyness.
	www.kisol.com /medical/catatonic.htm (114 words)

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