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Topic: Catawba language

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Siouan languages

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	Catawba (tribe) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Catawba (also known as Issa or Esaw, but most commonly Iswa) are a tribe of Native Americans, in the Southeast United States, along the border between North and South Carolina.
		The Catawba State Reserve, located in York County, South Carolina, has a population of 124 (1990).
		The Catawba language, which is now being resurrected, is part of the Siouan-Catawban family (Catawban branch).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catawba_(tribe) (586 words)

	Endangered language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some languages, such as those in Indonesia may have tens of thousands of speakers but be endangered because children are no longer learning them, or speakers are in the process of shifting to using the national language Indonesian (or a local Malay variety) in place of local languages.
		In contrast, a language with only 100 speakers might be considered very much alive if it is the primary language of a community, and is the first (or only) language of all children in that community (most of Andaman languages, actually spoken).
		Language revitalization is the process by which a language community through political, community, and educational means attempts to increase the number of active speakers of the endangered language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endangered_language (831 words)

	Catawba
		The Catawba are recognized as a tribe by the federal government and the State of South Carolina.
		Catawba warriors had a fearsome reputation and an appearance to match: ponytail hairstyle with a distinctive war paint pattern of one eye in a fl circle, the other in a white circle and remainder of the face painted fl.
		The Catawba were used as scouts by the British army during the first years of the French and Indian War (1755-63), but a second smallpox epidemic (1759-60) once again took half of them leaving the survivors demoralized.
	www.dickshovel.com /Catawba.html (2456 words)

	CCPPCRAFTS.COM Native American Made Crafts
		Catawba, a Siouan language, is believed to have been spoken in various dialects across the Carolinas, and parts of Virginia and Georgia, by more than 10,000 Native peoples.
		Several related eastern Siouan languages, such as Tutelo, Woccon, Biloxi, were spoken in various parts across the Southeast before the advent of the Europeans, however the exact numbers of different eastern Siouan languages and dialects spoken throughout the Southeast is unknown.
		For this reason, scholars of the Catawba language have found inconsistencies in the grammar, two or three unrelated words describing the same object or action and certain verbs that have up to 15 stems.
	www.ccppcrafts.com /language/history.htm (215 words)

	Cofitachiqui
		The Catawba spoke a Siouan dialect, and “Esaw” is a Siouan word for river.[59A] Near the headwaters of the Ashley River, the territory of the Kussoe, is “Wassamassaw” Swamp, which was spelled “Wassam-issau” in 1709.[59B] The -esaw suffix was also used elsewhere to the west and north of the Lowcountry.
		The Catawba were believed to have had about 1,500 warriors in 1671 according to an estimate of 1775 that was based on earlier data, and this is comparable to the 1,000 warriors Woodward estimated for the Cofitachiqui.
		Some of the tribes which joined the Catawba definitely did not speak Siouan as their native language, and at least some descendants of the speakers of other languages are likely to have been among the latest surviving informants and after centuries had no way of knowing whether some words were Catawban or not.
	www.catawba-people.com /cofitachiqui.htm (12403 words)

	Catawba County Government
		Catawba County was the first county in North Carolina to select the eSlate voting technology.
		Catawba County staff and the Board of Elections reviewed systems currently available and determined that six systems which meet State and Federal recommendations are available.
		Catawba County's second 2005 NACo Award was presented to the "Meeting The Needs Of Limited English Proficiency Program" of the Department of Social Services.
	www.co.catawba.nc.us /events/05nacowin.asp (1364 words)

	Let Languages Rest in Peace
		Language death, they say, "is symptomatic of cultural death: a way of life disappears with the death of a language." "Every people," they add, "has a right to their own language, to preserve it as a cultural resource, and to transmit it to their children."
		Language was crucial to the delineation of a people because "in it dwell the world of tradition, history, religion, principles of existence; its heart and soul."
		Speaking a language such as English or Spanish, and discarding traditional habits, is often the ticket to modernity.
	www.sjsu.edu /depts/linguistics/news/rip.htm (960 words)

	Catawba Indians: "People of the River" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Catawba pottery-making is practiced today by accomplished master potters who are training a new generation to form these beautiful creations from Piedmont river clay.
		A male Catawba's typical ceremonial garb consisted of a long-sleeved leather coat with fringe; long trousers; and a distinctive headdress made of a head band with large, erect feathers.
		This technique is believed to have been used by the Catawbas for up to 4,500 years and apparently pre-dates more familiar pottery-making by tribes in the Southwestern U.S. Perhaps the best-known Catawba potter in recent years was Sara Ayers (1919-2002), whose signed art is some of the most avidly sought by collectors.
	www.hiltonpond.org /CatawbaIndiansMain.html (1283 words)

	Resources on the Catawba
		Catawba dancerâs group was formed in 1975 and have been singing at several in Polish Council Freand âs Native American.
		The Catawba (also known as Issa or Esaw) are a tribe of Native Americans, once considered one of the most powerful eastern Siouan tribes, that traditionally lived in the Southeast United States, along the border between North and South Carolina.
		The Catawba language, which is now being resurrected, is part of the Siouan language family.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/north_american/Catawba.html (1365 words)

	Official Internet Home of Catawba County, NC Government
		Catawba County Board of Commissioners will hold Sept. 18 public hearing (meeting begins at 7 pm at 1924 Courthouse in Newton) on proposed Unified Development Ordinance.
		Fred Miller, Catawba County's Extension Director, was recently elected President-Elect of the National Association of County Agricultural Agents.
		The Catawba County Health Department reminds citizens of the importance of proper rabies vaccinations for pets.
	www.co.catawba.nc.us (323 words)

	Language
		There is no really satisfactory name for Ioway-Otoe-Missouria, and the present relict of this language is a group of family lects (varieties) reflecting the merger of the former tribal dialects, and, to some extent, of the tribal populations themselves.
		The language of the three combined groups is sometimes termed Chiwere, a spelling variant of Jiwere, which is actually a self-designation of the Otoe.
		The easiest way to learn to speak a Siouan language well is to have parents or grandparents who speak it well, and spend the first 7 or 8 years of your life around them listening to them speak it constantly.
	spot.colorado.edu /~koontz/faq/language.htm (4213 words)

	South Carolina SC - Indians, Native Americans - Catawba
		The Catawba allied themselves with the new settlers for protection against their traditional enemies – the Cherokee, Iroquois, and Shawnee.
		From 1689-1763, the Catawba fought with the British in the French and Indian Wars.
		The Catawba believed that the soul of a person who had been killed demanded retribution in order to rest in peace.
	www.sciway.net /hist/indians/catawba.html (787 words)

	Catawba County Schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Students enroll in the Newcomer Center due to the presence of a language other than English in the immediate family, as determined by the Home Language Survey which is completed at the school by all enrollees.
		All school systems are required by federal law to monitor progress and enrollment data on all students with another language in their immediate background.
		If you have previously attended Catawba County Schools, left the district, and are returning from outside the district, you do need to come to the Center to enroll.
	www.catawba.k12.nc.us /esl/newcomer_center/enrollment.htm (455 words)

	The Identity of Red Thunder Cloud
		Red Thunder Cloud, whose death on January 8, 1996, was widely noted as also being the death of the Catawba language, was one of the most colorful and enigmatic figures in American Indian linguistics in the twentieth century.
		His claim that he was a Catawba and a native speaker of the language, doubted by some and defended by others, can now be definitively evaluated.
		His father's parents are Teodoro Sanchez (from Honduras) and Feliciana Mendoza (from Puerto Rico), and his mother's parents are William Ashibie Hawk (a Catawba speaker, son of Robert Hawk and Susan Scott Cobbs) and Ada McMechen (not a speaker, daughter of George McMechen and Mildred Harris).
	www.nmnh.si.edu /anthro/goddard1.html (1979 words)

	Catawba Language
		Catawba was a Siouan language of South Carolina.
		The language was last spoken by the community in the 1940's, though one Catawba elder kept its memory alive until his death in 1996.
		This page is still under construction--only Cherokee and the Algonkian languages are currently fully completed.
	www.native-languages.org /catawba.htm (218 words)

	ICT [2005/08/16] Elders teach Catawba youth
		CATAWBA INDIAN RESERVATION, S.C. - On one end of the campus at the Catawba Indian Cultural Center, children in a classroom learned how to speak their language.
		At the meeting, Catawba Chief Gilbert Blue said, ''The Catawba Nation over the years has learned to cooperate and enlist the help of various agencies in the community and the state to enhance the lives of our people; not only the elderly but the youth as well.
		George said the program will continue for three years and at the end, the Catawba youth may put on a pow wow to show the regalia they have made, the songs and drumming they have learned and the dance steps they have mastered.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=1096411413 (685 words)

	RedCloud.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Red Thunder Cloud, a member of the Catawba Nation who was steeped in the history of the American Indians, died Monday in Worcester, Mass.
		Foxx Ayers of Columbia, S.C., a Catawba and friend of Thunder Cloud, recalled on Friday that he resisted his grandmother's efforts to teach him the language because he feared he would be ridiculed.
		Alice Kasakoff, a professor of anthropology at the University of South Carolina, said the conversion of many Catawbas after visits by Mormon missionaries to their enclave in South Carolina may have hastened the decline of the Indian language.
	www.dickshovel.com /RedCloud.html (565 words)

	Canku Ota - NA Nation Links
		The languages of the Cree, Blood, Ojibway and Blackfoot First Nations of Alberta are derived from the Algonquian linguistic family, while the language of the Dakota is derived from the Siouan linguistic family.
		The languages of the Slave, Chippewayan, Beaver and Sarcee are derived from the Athapaskan linguistic family.
		The Catawba Nation, located 8 miles east of Rock Hill, South Carolina, is the home to a highly creative group of Native American potters.
	www.turtletrack.org /Links/NANations/CO_NANationLinks_C.htm (2296 words)

	Conscious Choice: Ethnic Cleansing in the USA
		We do not learn from the Times editorial who the Catawba people are, the contours of their history, the nuances of their culture or how there came to be no one left who speaks Catawaba.
		What provoked such an angry response from me is this: Native peoples still live on reservations a fraction of the size that is legally theirs; they are still the poorest ethnic group in the country; they are still subject to forced sterilizations in reservation medical facilities; etcetera, ad nauseam.
		Not only have the Catawabas been robbed of their language and, hence, of a significant part of their culture; not only have they been robbed of their land; they have been robbed of their visibility from a dominant culture that values the visible most of all.
	www.consciouschoice.com /1995-98/cc092/note092.html (1849 words)

	[No title]
		Her answer to Hershl Hartman's post in 5.212 states, in part: "the fact remains that a language is considered 'dead' or 'alive' according to whether children are learning it in the normal way that children aquire languages, and the presence or absence of a written literary tradition and corpus is irrelevant.
		Red Thunder Cloud was a member of the Catawba nation, steeped in the history of the American Indians.
		He was the only one -- and the last living person -- who knew and spoke Catawba, a tongue related to the Sioux family of languages, and so took to his grave the last human link to the ancient language of his people.
	shakti.trincoll.edu /~mendele/vol05/vol05.219 (1079 words)

	hist0108
		And since 1938, when he wrote noted anthropologist Frank Speck that he was "a 16-year-old Catawba Indian," he lived his life as a Catawba until he died, perhaps knowing as much of the tribe's language as anybody.
		He learned their language from the last speakers and became a very significant person in his little niche.
		The Catawba tribe today has about 2,600 members, about 1,200 of whom live around the reservation in York County, S.C. The tribe's language began to fade when Mormon missionaries came to the reservation near Fort Mill, S.C., in the late 1800s to convert Catawbas.
	nativenewsonline.org /history/hist0108.html (1586 words)

	American Indian Collections at the APS
		A vocabulary of the language of the Caddo Indians [1805].
		Catawbas have been very friendly to Soul Carolina, but have been set upon by Nottaways (Senecas) and Delawares, etc., probably inspired by French to hurt British.
		Catawbas seem unable to be civilized; if Indians slaughter each other while French grow strong, it will hurt the colonies.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/guides/indians/info/c.htm (4760 words)

	Newsletter of the Linguistics Program, USC
		Her speciality is second language acquisition, and her specific research interests include classroom environments, technology (computer-mediated communication), and the teaching and learning of culture.
		Department of Language, Linguistics, and Literature at the University of the West Indies - Cave Hill Campus (Barbados).
		Research Interests includes second language acquisition theories and research methodologies, language acquisition and language development, the bilingual mental lexicon, sociolinguistics and second language acquisition, bilingualism and language contact phenomena, stylistics: linguistic analysis of literary works, and teaching English as a second/foreign language.
	www.cla.sc.edu /Ling/news/babblev6.html (4924 words)

	Catawba / Academic / Modern Foreign Languages / Faculty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		I thoroughly enjoy working with my students and am happy to spend long hours giving extra help out of class to my students in their language studies.
		I always tell my students that I expect their best personal academic effort in all of their studies.
		I encourage them to take pride in everything they do as members of the Catawba College community.
	www.catawba.edu /academic/foreignlanguage/faculty.htm (374 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:CHC
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Ethnologue data from Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 14th Edition
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=CHC (54 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He adheres to the "Stammbaum" theory, which in this case means that all of the dozen modem Sioux languages originated from a basic form that Prof.
		For this reason the Catawba language is important.
		He has to learn the language from some one who speaks it because the Indians left no written language.
	www-tech.mit.edu /archives/VOL_082/TECH_V082_S0515_P013.txt (888 words)

	Catawba College - Our Purpose: Your Promise
		The landscape of the Catawba College campus will be altered once Abernethy Residence Hall is demolished and construction begins on
		Catawba College to Host "Reflections: 9-11 Five Years Later"
		Members of the Rowan-Salisbury community are invited to join faculty, staff and students at Catawba...
	www.catawba.edu (88 words)

	Native Americans: What Does Their Future Hold? - Jehovah's Witnesses Official Web Site
		In January 1996, Red Thunder Cloud (Carlos Westez), the last Indian who spoke the Catawba language, died at the age of 76.
		The Hopi and Navajo languages are still very much alive, and the young people are being encouraged to use them at school.
		At the Sinte Gleska University, the Lakota language is a required subject.
	www.watchtower.org /library/g/1996/9/8/what_does_their_future_hold.htm (1827 words)

	Amazon.com: catawba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Indians' New World: Catawbas and Their Neighbors from European Contact Through the Era of.
		Catawba Sc Realtors -- Find prescreened real estate agents in Catawba South Carolina in just one click.
		Catawba County, NC Homes for Sale -- Catawba County NC's newest website to search the MLS for your next great home.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=catawba&page=1 (357 words)

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