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Topic: Catechol

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	Developers: Modified Windisch Film Developer
		Catechol Pyrocatechin is a tanning developer, stains (actually fogs) the negative and also hardens the emulsion protecting it from reticulation.
		Catechol has a high vapor pressure and it is a phenol.
		The fact that catechol is a phenol means that it is a corrosive and has the potential to cause skin burns.
	www.jackspcs.com /fdmw.htm (901 words)

	Claisen Rearrangement In Catechols - Synthesis of 4-Allylcatechol - [www.rhodium.ws]
		Claisen Rearrangement In Catechols - Synthesis of 4-Allylcatechol - [www.rhodium.ws]
		From the residue consisting of unreacted catechol, potassium carbonate and potassium bromide, catechol (9.9 g.) was recovered by extraction with ether.
		Acryloyl catechol — In a flask, phosphorus pentoxide (45 g.) and phosphoric acid (20 ml.) were mixed to a homogeneous mass, heated to 110°C and catechol (5.5 g.; 0.05 mole) and acrylic acid (3.6 g.; 0.05 mole) were added to it all at once.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/allylcatechol.html (1764 words)

	Catechol (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 71, 1999)
		Catechol was tested for carcinogenicity by oral administration in one study in mice and in two studies in rats.
		Catechol is oxidized by peroxidases to the reactive intermediate benzo-1,2-quinone, which binds to protein.
		Catechol was shown to cause gene mutations in mammalian cells in vitro.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol71/012-catechol.html (293 words)

	Catechol (Pyrocatechol) \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		Catechol is used as a photographic developer, a developer for fur dyes, as an intermediate for antioxidants in rubber and lubricating oils, in polymerization inhibitors, and in pharmaceuticals.
		Acute animal tests in rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits have demonstrated catechol to have high acute toxicity by oral or dermal exposure.
		Catechol occurs as colorless tablets or monoclinic crystals that discolor in air and are soluble in water.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/pyrocate.html (799 words)

	Plant derived catechol complexes and processes - Patent 5609206
		In another broad aspect, the present plant derived catechol metal complexes can be used to chemically modify the sulfide and/or carbonaceous portion of a refractory ore such as oxidation followed by recovery of precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum by conventional recovery techniques.
		During such processing, catechol functionality is believed to be introduced by demethylation during the depolymerization and/or hydrolysis and other reactions of the lignin raw material.
		Thus, the redox cyclable iron catechol complex from the plant derived aromatic component together with an oxidant provides outstanding effectiveness for the chemical modification of hydrocarbon for the recovery of hydrocarbons from subterranean reservoirs and for the chemical modification of contaminants and inorganic sulfides such as metal sulfides found in ores containing precious metals.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5609206.html (8113 words)

	Antioxidant compositions and methods using catechol compounds and organic acid compounds - Patent 5221461
		A method for inhibiting fouling during the elevated temperature processing of hydrocarbon comprising adding to the hydrocarbon a composition comprising a catechol having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl and, an organic acid.
		An antioxidant composition comprising a catechol having the structure: ##STR3## wherein R is H or C.sub.1`-C.sub.10 alkyl and, an organic acid.
		The antioxidant composition of the present invention comprises a catechol having the structure: ##STR2## wherein R is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, and an organic acid.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5221461.html (2941 words)

	[No title]
		Catechol oxidase is present in the cell cytoplasm.
		If the plant tissues are damaged, the catechol is released and the enzyme converts the catechol to ortho-quinone, which is a natural antiseptic.
		Catechol oxidase activity can then be estimated by measuring the rate of colour formation on adding the enzyme to its substrate, catechol in buffer.
	www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk /docs/catecholpb.doc (1030 words)

	enzymes (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the presence of oxygen, catechol oxidase catalyzes the removal of electrons and hydrogens from catechol, a phenolic compound oxidase found in plant cells.
		Enzymatic activation of catechol by catechol oxidase in potato extract.
		In order to isolate the source of catechol oxidase, we prepared three experimental reactions representing all possible pairwise combinations of three reactants: deionized water (because it is used to suspend the extract), potato extract, and catechol (additional catechol was added to speed up the reaction).
	people.whitman.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /~hutchidw/biol111/labs/enzymes.html (2737 words)

	Catechol activation in rat rostral ventrolateral medulla after systemic isocapnic metabolic acidosis -- Rentero et al. ...
		Effect of clonidine on the catechol metabolism in the rostral ventrolateral medulla: an in vivo electrochemical study.
		Absence of evidence for a powerful tonic baroreflex-mediated inhibition on catechol activity in the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla during sino-aortic deafferentation.
		Catechol activation in the vasomotor center upon emergence from anesthesia: specificity.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/2/R350 (3952 words)

	1998 Academic Award (b) \| Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge \| US EPA
		Catechol is an important chemical building block used to synthesize flavors (e.g., vanillin, eugenol, isoeugenol), pharmaceuticals (e.g., L-DOPA, adrenaline, papaverine), agrochemicals (e.g., carbofuran, propoxur), and polymerization inhibitors and antioxidants (e.g., 4-t-butylcatechol, veratrol).
		Although some catechol is distilled from coal tar, petroleum-derived benzene is the starting material for most catechol production.
		As the world moves to national limits on carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, each molecule of a chemical made from a carbohydrate may well be counted as a credit due to the CO that is fixed by plants to form the carbohydrate.
	www.epa.gov /greenchemistry/pubs/pgcc/winners/aa98b.html (632 words)

	Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol, Catechol, and 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene by Toluene 4-Monooxygenase of Pseudomonas ...
		Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol, Catechol, and 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene by Toluene 4-Monooxygenase of Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Toluene 3-Monooxygenase of Ralstonia pickettii PKO1 -- Tao et al.
		Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol, Catechol, and 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene by Toluene 4-Monooxygenase of Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and Toluene 3-Monooxygenase of Ralstonia pickettii PKO1
		Synthesis of phenol from benzene, catechol from phenol, and 1,2,3-THB from catechol by E.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/7/3814 (4496 words)

	Lianyungang Sanjili Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.,/selling hydroquinone and catechol in Lianyungang city China - Chemicals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dear Sir, We are a manufacturer of hydroquinone,tech/photo grade,5000-7000/mt from second half year in 2006 and catechol 98%, 98.5%min 5000-7000/mt from second half year of 2006and total both items in 10000-15000/mt,located in Lianyungang city, China.
		Catechol is poisonous, sublimates easily, burn and oxidate easily and becomes brown when exposed in the air.
		Furthermore, catechol is an important material of synthetic resin, tannic acid, agricultural chemical furantoin, medical the rhizome of Chinese goldthread, perfume vanillin, pepper aldehyde and so on.
	www.maxpagesplus.com /hydroquinone - !http://www.maxpagesplus.com/hydroquinone (430 words)

	Evolution of CO2 during Birnessite-Induced Oxidation of 14C-Labeled Catechol -- Majcher et al. 64 (1): 157 -- Soil ...
		of carbon in the baseline reaction of catechol and birnessite.
		3 Kinetics of Mn dissolution in the reaction of catechol and birnessite at pH 4.
		catechol was undetectable at 5 h, this increase in CO is evidently
	soil.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/1/157 (4106 words)

	Catechol Dioxygenase
		The 1.8 Å crystal structure of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase reveals a novel hydrophobic helical zipper as a subunit linker.
		The structure of catechol 1,2 dioxygenase from the Acinetobacter sp.
		The structure of Ac 1,2-CTD was also solved in complex with two substrates, catechol and 4-methylcatechol, at 1.9 Å and 1.8 Å resolution respectively.
	www.bioc.aecom.yu.edu /labs/blanlab/VETTING/ctd.html (371 words)

	Catechol oxidase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Catechol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1; CAS number: 9002-10-2) is an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of phenols such as catechol.
		Catechol oxidase is a copper-containing enzyme whose activity is similar to tyrosinase, a related class of copper oxidases.
		The browning is caused by a reaction between catechol and oxygen, catalyzed by the above enzyme "catechol oxidase" resulting in benzoquinone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catechol_oxidase (266 words)

	17-Estradiol Metabolism by Hamster Hepatic Microsomes: Comparison of Catechol Estrogen O-Methylation with Catechol ...
		Catechol estrogens, the cytochromes P450 mediated metabolites of 17
		However, the relative contribution of catechol O-methylation, and catechol oxidation followed by GSH conjugation, to the disposition of the catechol estrogens is unclear.
		In the absence of ascorbic acid, catechol estrogen methylation, and catechol estrogen oxidation linked to GSH conjugation, contributed equally to the disposition of the catechol estrogens.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/crtoec/1996/9/i04/abs/tx9501952.html (364 words)

	Useful Chemistry: Auto-Oxidation of Catechol
		There has been a comment on this blog about the stability of the catechol compounds with respect to the formation of ortho-quinones.
		Oxidation of Catechol to o-benzoqiunone is free radical mediated, passing through a semiquinone radical.
		For the second electron transfer between the semiquinone radical and the catechol dianion (cat2-), an equilibrium potential of 530 mV, 139 mV and 43 mV for pH 7, pH 11 and pH 13.5 respectively was reported (Steenken and Neta, 1979).
	usefulchem.blogspot.com /2006/05/auto-oxidation-of-catechol.html (259 words)

	Differential Expression of Two Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenases in Burkholderia sp. Strain TH2 -- Suzuki et al. 184 (20): 5714 ...
		of genes for catechol degradation of Burkholderia sp.
		the genes for catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (19, 23), CCM-lactonizing
		DNA sequence of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus catechol 1,2-dioxygenase I structural gene catA: evidence for evolutionary divergence of intradiol dioxygenases by acquisition of DNA sequence repetitions.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/20/5714 (5735 words)

	enzymes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		You may use the same "water" pipette to add water to tubes 1 and 2, the same "catechol" pipette to add catechol to tubes 1 and 3, and the same "extract" pipette to add extract to tubes 2 and 3.
		Abstract: The phenolic compound catechol, found in all plant cells, is converted to the dark pigment-product benzoquinone in the presence of the enzyme catechol oxidase and oxygen.
		To assure the catechol oxidase is not being supplied by either the deionized water or the catechol, we prepare three separate reactions: two controls (deionized water x catechol and deionized water x extract) and a reaction tube with both catechol and potato extract.
	people.whitman.edu /~hutchidw/biol111/labs/enzymes.html (2737 words)

	Marilyn O+ and catechol for depression
		In fact, she also began working very hard each day (cleaning houses) around the time she began taking the SJW, AND, was recommended to try the SJW by a person her own age who was helped by it.
		Catechol is only one part in a multi-part program to relieve depression.
		Catechol affects people very quickly which indicates that the brain's defenses are weak against it.
	www.dadamo.com /forum/archive7/config.pl?read=29917 (1489 words)

	Practical Activities- Inhibition of catechol oxidase in banana by heavy metals
		This reaction is due to the enzyme catechol oxidase which converts catechol to a yellow pigment.
		The enzyme, catechol oxidase, is present in the clear liquid in the beaker.
		Formation of a yellow pigment indicates the enzyme in the banana extract is active and is acting on the catechol.
	www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk /worksheets/activ/prac2.htm (794 words)

	Phenolic lipids with a catechol or a resorcinol group
		This heterogeneous group includes simple phenols and polyphenols as well as their derivatives and may be classified into coumarins, quinones, and flavonoids, by far the largest group of phenolics.
		The common structure of a phenolic group and an alkyl chain is altered at the level of the aromatic ring which can be a catechol or a resorcinol and of the carbon chain with variations in length and degree of unsaturation.
		Some parent molecules are based on a hydroquinone instead of a catechol or resorcinol.
	www.cyberlipid.org /simple/simp0006.htm (1130 words)

	Conversion of 3-Chlorocatechol by Various Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenases and Sequence Analysis of the Chlorocatechol ...
		Hybrid catechol 2,3-dioxygenases were made of CbzE and TdnC by using PCR fusion reactions (54).
		Suicide inactivation of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida mt-2 by 3-halocatechols.
		Inhibition of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida by 3-chlorocatechol.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/181/4/1309 (6715 words)

	Catechol Oxidase (Tyrosinase) - Enzymes
		In the presence of catechol oxidase, catechol is converted to benzoquinone.
		To test for the presence or absence of catechol oxidase in potato extract, your prediction wouId be what you expect to observe as the result of this experiment (if/then).
		PTU is known to combine with the copper in catechol oxidase and inhibit its enzymatic activity.
	www.science-projects.com /Tyrosinase.htm (1267 words)

	Multiple Promoters of Catechol-O-methyltransferase Gene Are Selectively Inactivated by CpG Hypermethylation in ...
		the substrates of COMT are catechol estrogens (1, 2, 3).
		and the estrogenic activity of catechol estrogens (31, 32, 33).
		Kennedy J. Effect of catechol oestrogens on extraneuronal metabolism of noradrenaline by rabbit uterine endometrium and myometrium.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/63/12/3101 (4037 words)

	Kinetics and Mechanism of Birnessite Reduction by Catechol -- Matocha et al. 65 (1): 58 -- Soil Science Society of ...
		and unreacted catechol are operative (Dawson and Nelson, 1938;
		Mechanism of the oxidation of catechol by tyrosinase.
		Chemisorption of catechol on gibbsite, boehmite, and noncrystalline alumina surfaces.
	soil.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/65/1/58 (3978 words)

	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT)-mediated Metabolism of Catechol Estrogens: Comparison of Wild-Type and Variant COMT ...
		(COMT) catalyzes the methylation of catechol estrogens to methoxy
		2-OH and 4-OH catechol estrogens is the proximity of the 4-OH group to the B ring of the steroid.
		COMT by converting the catechol estrogens to estrogen quinones.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/61/18/6716 (5958 words)

	Pyrocatechol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Catechol was first isolated in 1839 by H.
		Catechol readily condenses to form heterocyclic compounds; cyclic esters are formed by phosphorus trichloride and oxychloride, carbonyl chloride, sulphuryl chloride, andc.; whilst ortho-phenylenediamine, o-aminophenol, and o-aminothiophenol give phenazine, phenoxazine and thiodiphenylamine, respectively.
		Barner, B. "Catechol" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyrocatechol (530 words)

	Synthesis of 4-allyl-pyrocatechol (3,4-dihydroxyallylbenzene) - [www.rhodium.ws]
		These preliminary observations suggested that the rearrangement of catechol mono-allyl ether is base catalysed and that the rearrangement of the anion of catechol mono-allyl ether takes a different course from that of the un-ionised phenol.
		Equimolar amounts of catechol mono-allyl ether and sodium ethoxide dissolved in anhydrous ethanol as solvent (2-3 times the weight of the ether).
		110g (1 mole) catechol and 138g potassium carbonate (1 mole) was mixed in 200ml of acetone, with some evolution of heat.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/allylpyrocatechol.html (591 words)

	Difference in kinetic behaviour of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase variants from a polluted environment -- Junca et al. 150 ...
		Catechol and its substituted derivatives are common intermediates
		Cerdan, P., Wasserfallen, A., Rekik, M., Timmis, K. and Harayama, S. Substrate specificity of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase encoded by TOL plasmid pWW0 of Pseudomonas putida and its relationship to cell growth.
		Okuta, A., Ohnishi, K. and Harayama, S. PCR isolation of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene fragments from environmental samples and their assembly into functional genes.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/150/12/4181 (3920 words)

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