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Topic: Categorical proposition

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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Categorical Imperative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The categorical imperative is the philosophical concept central to the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant and to modern deontological ethics.
		A categorical imperative would denote an absolute, unconditional requirement that exerts its authority in all circumstances, and is both required and justified as an end in itself.
		A categorical imperative is the one and only basis for all moral statements, because a hypothetical imperative would depend on the subjective desires of the rational actors, rendering it powerless to compel moral action.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Categorical_Imperative (1882 words)

	Existence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brentano argued that every categorical proposition can be translated into an existential one without change in meaning and that the "exists" and "does not exist" of the existential proposition take the place of the copula.
		The categorical proposition "No stone is living" has the same meaning as the existential proposition "A living stone does not exist" or "there is no living stone".
		The categorical proposition "All men are mortal" has the same meaning as the existential proposition "An immortal man does not exist" or "there is no immortal man".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Existence (2377 words)

	Logical Fallacy: Illicit Conversion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Conversion is a validating form of immediate inference for E- and I-type categorical propositions.
		To convert such a proposition is to switch the subject and predicate terms of the proposition, which is non-validating for the A- and O-type propositions.
		Hence, the fallacy of Illicit Conversion is converting an A- or O-type proposition.
	www.fallacyfiles.org /illiconv.html (52 words)

	Kant's Theory of Judgment
		Thus a proposition is the logically well-formed and semantically well-composed, truth-valued, unified objective representational content of a judgment, and more generally it is “what is judged” in the act of putting forward any sort of rational claim about the world (9: 109) (14: 659-660) (24: 934).
		As a consequence of this, true mathematical propositions for Kant are not truths of logic — which are all analytic truths, or concept-based truths — but instead are synthetic truths, or intuition-based truths (see section 2.2.2).
		Propositions are systematically built up out of directly referential terms (intuitions) and attributive or descriptive terms (concepts), by means of unifying acts of our innate spontaneous cognitive faculties, according to pure logical constraints, under a higher-order unity imposed by our faculty for rational self-consciousness.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/kant-judgment (6021 words)

	The Ontology of Ibn Sina ( Avicenna )
		That view is that the simple affirmative categorical proposition 'S is p' is to be read as 'S is (existent) as a p', and that for its truth it is required both that S be existent and that S be p.
		The most interesting essays in the former work are Al-FArabi's discussions of future contingencies and of existence as a predicate, Avicenna's analysis of conditional propositions, and Averroes' extensional analysis of modal propositions.
		Rescher Nicholas, "Avicenna on the logic of 'conditional' propositions," Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 4: 48-58 (1963).
	www.formalontology.it /avicenna.htm (6598 words)

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