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Topic: Categorical syllogism

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	Categorical syllogism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A categorical syllogism is a deductive inference in which all the premises are categorical propositions.
		The truth of the conclusion is established by the truth of the premises and the relationship between them: the middle term must be distributed at least once in the premises, forming a connection between the subject and predicate in the conclusion.
		Categorical syllogisms by the p.l.e Introduction to Logic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Categorical_syllogism (1066 words)

	AllRefer.com - syllogism (Philosophy, Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		Every syllogism is a sequence of three propositions such that the first two imply the third, the conclusion.
		The categorical syllogism comprises three categorical propositions, which must be statements of the form all x are y, no x is y, some x is y, or some x is not y.
		A categorical syllogism contains precisely three terms: the major term, which is the predicate of the conclusion; the minor term, the subject of the conclusion; and the middle term, which appears in both premises but not in the conclusion.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/syllogis.html (427 words)

	Silly Syllogisms
		A categorical syllogism is one whose premises and conclusion are all categorical statements.
		The mood of a categorical syllogism is a matter of what kind of categorical statement each statement is, and it is represented by a three letter acronym.
		The figure of a categorical syllogism is the position of its major, minor, and middle terms.
	www.duniho.com /fergus/sillysyllogisms.html (980 words)

	IT Solution & Services Philosophy - Categorical Syllogisms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A categorical syllogism is an argument consisting of exactly three categorical propositions (two premises and a conclusion) in which there appear a total of exactly three categorical terms, each used exactly twice.
		Since one of the premises of the syllogism must be a categorical proposition that affirms some relation between its middle and major terms, we call that the major premise of the syllogism.
		All told, there are exactly 256 distinct forms of categorical syllogism: four kinds of major premise multiplied by four kinds of minor premise multiplied by for kinds of conclusion multiplied by four relative positions of the middle term.
	www.jps.at /philosophy/Venndi2.html (1482 words)

	Categorical syllogism
		The basic form of the categorical syllogism is: If A is part of C then B is a part of C. (A and B are members of C).
		Categorical syllogisms are named as such because they divide things up into categories.
		Categorical syllogisms are sometimes viewed as being a 'spatial reasoning' as it divides the world up into 'spaces'.
	changingminds.org /disciplines/argument/syllogisms/categorical_syllogism.htm (484 words)

	Categorical Syllogisms
		A syllogism is a deductive argument consisting of two premises and one conclusion.
		A categorical syllogism is a syllogism made up of categorical propositions and containing three terms, each appearing twice in distinct propositions.
		The figure of a syllogism is determined by the placement of the middle terms.
	csunx2.bsc.edu /bmyers/CategoricalSyllogisms.htm (279 words)

	DOLHENTY ARCHIVE: The Categorical Syllogism
		The categorical syllogism can be defined as an argument in which, from two judgments which contain a common idea and one at least of which is universal, a third judgment, distinct from either of the former, follows with necessity.
		From the nature of the categorical syllogism, logicians have developed some general rules which govern every type of categorical syllogism and must be observed or the consistency of the argument will be destroyed.
		The general rules governing categorical syllogisms can be divided into two sets: the first set refers to the terms of the categorical syllogism, while the second set refers to the quantity of a sentence (rules of distribution) and to the quality of a sentence (whether it is affirmative or negative).
	radicalacademy.com /logiccatsyllogm.htm (2348 words)

	Chapter Six
		In a standard-form categorical syllogism, the major premiss is stated first, the minor premiss second, and the conclusion last.
		Another variable defining the structure of a categorical syllogism is its figure, or the position of the middle term in the two premisses.
		Because it is the middle term that links the terms of the conclusion, a syllogism cannot be valid unless either the subject or the predicate of the conclusion is related to the whole of the class the middle term designates.
	puffin.creighton.edu /yuan/Logic/Outline/LogicCh6.htm (2466 words)

	Sophia on the web: Logic Page ~ Categorical Diagraming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		For example the proposition that "All humans are mortal" is a categorical proposition, and asserts (roughly) that all members of the class of humans are members of the class of mortals.
		The description of a categorical syllogism in terms of mood (AAA) and figure (1) is called the form (AAA- 1) of the syllogism.
		The mood represents the categorical type of the major premise, minor premise, and conclusion of a categorical syllogism.
	members.aol.com /moresophia/topic10.html (488 words)

	Introduction to Logic Chapter 8 -- True or False (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When making a Venn diagram of a standard-form categorical syllogism, the conclusion you are aiming for is always inserted in the diagram first.
		When drawing a Venn diagram of a syllogism which has one particular premiss and one universal premiss, be sure to diagram the particular premiss first in order to avoid confusion.
		When we say a syllogism is of the "first figure," we mean that its middle terms are both in the predicate position.
	cwx.prenhall.com /copi/chapter8/truefalse1/deluxe-content.html (462 words)

	Categorical Syllogism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A categorical syllogism is an argument which has two categorical propositions for premises and one categorical proposition as the conclusion.
		Since categorical propositions come in 4 kinds, each premise and conclusion of a categorical syllogism may be of 4 kinds.
		By putting syllogisms in standard form we can identify the kinds of proposition each premise and conclusion is, merely by stating the vowel names in order.
	skyway.usask.ca /~wiebeb/Syllogism.html (850 words)

	Untitled Document
		In this case, the element "contain fire extinguishers" is transferred from the element "commercial airplanes" to "the airplane I am in." Finally, the elements in a categorical syllogism are modified by such terms as all, some, and none.
		In an Euler diagram, each of the three elements in a categorical syllogism is represented by a circle.
		Saying that the syllogism is logically valid means that the conclusion follows from the premises, The premises themselves, however, must also be examined.
	www.bridge-rayn.org /Research/last.html (782 words)

	36 Natural Conditional Syllogism & Production
		Syllogism in this context involves three natural conditional propositions, all having a common subject, and whose three predicates are positioned in figures analogous to those found in categorical syllogism.
		The parallels to categorical syllogism should be obvious; and indeed, categorical syllogism can be viewed as a special case of conditional syllogism, where the subject is 'thing' instead of a specific 'S'.
		With regard to quantity, the rules of categorical syllogism remain applicable here, so that the major premise must be universal, while the minor may be universal or particular, as well as singular; the conclusion has the same quantity as the minor.
	www.thelogician.net /2_future_logic/2_chapter_36.htm (2842 words)

	Science of Logic, Syllogism of Reflection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The categorical syllogism in its substantial significance is the first syllogism of necessity, in which a subject is united with a predicate through its substance.
		To this extent therefore the categorical syllogism is no longer subjective; in the above identity, objectivity begins; the middle term is the pregnant identity of its extremes which are contained therein in their self-subsistence, for their self-subsistence is the above substantial universality, the genus.
		Accordingly, what is posited in the categorical syllogism is on the one hand extremes standing in such a relationship to the middle term that they possess in themselves objective universality or a self-subsistent nature, and at the same time appear as immediate terms and therefore as mutually indifferent actualities.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/hegel/works/hl/hl696.htm (1878 words)

	newcal
		Categorical propositions are either particular or general, and either affirmative or negative.
		Categorical syllogisms have only three terms: the major term, the minor term and the middle term.
		Categorical syllogisms belong to the class of deductive arguments because their premises are supposed to provide conclusive grounds for the truth of the conclusion.
	courseweb.stthomas.edu /mjwinter/phil115/logic.htm (1304 words)

	Hypothetical syllogism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In logic, a hypothetical syllogism is a valid argument of the following form:
		Hypothetical syllogisms have the advantage that they can be counterfactual: they can be true even if the premises suppose propositions known to be false.
		Other forms of syllogism: categorical syllogism, disjunctive syllogism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypothetical_syllogism (178 words)

	DOLHENTY ARCHIVE: Kinds of Categorical Syllogisms
		In the second syllogism, however, the minor premise is negative: "Those who are not wicked are not wealthy." This means we have to have a negative conclusion with a universal major term (since it is the predicate of a negative proposition).
		This is a First Figure syllogism and its rule is: "The minor premise must be affirmative." At a glance, the syllogism violates this rule since the minor premise, "The men are not wicked," is not affirmative, but negative.
		The danger involved in exceptive propositions used as a premise in a syllogism is similar to the danger in using exclusive propositions.
	radicalacademy.com /logickindscatsyllo.htm (3589 words)

	Categorical Syllogism
		A categorical syllogism is an argument consisting of exactly three categorical propositions (two premises and a conclusion) in which there appear a total of exactly three categorical terms, each of which is used exactly twice.
		The third term in the syllogism doesn't occur in the conclusion at all, but must be employed in somewhere in each of its premises; hence, we call it the middle term.
		All told, there are exactly 256 distinct forms of categorical syllogism: four kinds of major premise multiplied by four kinds of minor premise multiplied by four kinds of conclusion multiplied by four relative positions of the middle term.
	www.philosophypages.com /lg/e08a.htm (1504 words)

	Logic Lesson 1
		Every categorical proposition is a statement about the members of two classes and their relationship to one another.
		And, finally, because it deals with categorical statements in a syllogistic form, it is known as the logic of the categorical syllogism.
		Since the four basic categorical propositions have a subject and predicate term and a copula, one way to distinguish them is by their quantity and quality.
	www.philosophy.uncc.edu /mleldrid/logic/l01.html (769 words)

	Cathy's Theosophical Website-Logical and Critical Thinking Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		You might look at the schema of a categorical syllogism as a skeleton on which you may put the flesh of the argument.
		Always interchange the subject and the predicate of a categorical proposition, except for the A and the O propositions.
		Therefore, in spite of its limitations, studying the syllogism is an important entry into the study of reasoning and its place in one's cognitive development.
	www.on-net.net /~cathy/logicalandcriticalthinking.htm (2518 words)

	Logic Lesson 2
		A syllogism is composed of two statements, from which a third one, the conclusion, is inferred.
		Categorical syllogisms are syllogisms made up of three categorical propositions.
		The first premise in a standard form categorical proposition is the major premise; the second is the minor premise.
	www.philosophy.uncc.edu /mleldrid/logic/l02.html (637 words)

	Logic: Deductive Reasoning: The Categorical Syllogism
		Purpose: To introduce the basic structure of the categorical syllogism and the concept of validity.
		Sentences in categorical syllogisms are said to express quantity and quality.
		All sentences in Categorical syllogisms state that the subject of the sentence does or does not fall into a certain group or category.
	www3.sympatico.ca /cogito/Gr11/categoricalsyllogism.html (1456 words)

	Deductive Arguments I: Categorical Logic
		In a categorical syllogism all claims are categorical claims and three terms appear, each one twice.
		Each term in a categorical syllogism occurs in two of the claims (whether premises or conclusion), once in each.
		Many categorical syllogisms we encounter in ordinary reading and conversation are missing premises, usually because a premise is considered too obvious to assert.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0072818816/student_view0/chapter8 (2912 words)

	syllogism on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Hindu syllogism: nineteenth-century perceptions of Indian logical thought.
		Syllogism or paradox: Aquinas and Luther on theological method.
		The effect of explicit negatives and of different contrast classes on conditional syllogisms.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/syllogis.asp (561 words)

	SC 103: Assignment #2
		For each syllogism clearly label the type of syllogism it is, as well as the major premise, minor premise, and conclusion.
		Each syllogism must be original, which means it is not the same, or nearly the same, as an example used in the readings, in class activities, in the web tutorial, or presented to you in some other class.
		Each syllogism must be realistic, which means it is an example of an argument that might be made about a personal or public issue by someone who truly wants the argument to be accepted.
	www.humboldt.edu /~jgv1/distance103/assignment2.html (458 words)

	99:2 Newsletter on Teaching Philosophy - Article - Flage
		And in moving from standard-form categorical syllogisms to syllogisms in ordinary English, the student is sensitized to the alternative ways of expressing a given proposition, a skill that is important in evaluating arguments of all kinds.
		Since the syllogism is sound if and only if it is valid and its premises are true, the student must ask two kinds of questions in examining an enthymematic categorical syllogism.
		No premise will yield a valid syllogism if (1) there are unequal distributions of the major or minor term in the premises and conclusion (rules 3 and 4), or (2) there is a negative premise and an affirmative conclusion (rule 5), or (3) the given premise is particular and the conclusion is universal (rule 6).
	www.apa.udel.edu /apa/publications/newsletters/v99n2/teaching/article-flage.asp (2725 words)

	Phil 174 Logical Terms Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When the four types of categorical sentences are arranged as a square (the A and E forms at the upper left and right corners, and I and O forms at the lower left and right corners), some important logical relationships are displayed, including that opposite corners are negation opposites, that is, contradictory sentences.
		A categorical syllogism is an argument with two premisses and a conclusion.
		Such syllogisms, when they are valid, can be demonstrated to be valid by treating them as a linked series of valid categorical syllogisms.
	www.luc.edu /faculty/avande1/logic/defs-chap2.htm (1395 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		ó¨Categorical Syllogisms¡ ª¨ûA Syllogism is an argument consisting of two premises and a conclusion.
		Since there are 4 forms of categorical proposition and 3 propositions in each syllogism, there are 64 possible moods.¡¨+" "?"#"#""X"#u"#ó¡!¨¹e.g., All mammals are animals.
		O¡nz!&N""&"#"""&'"&'"#"&'"""&'$"&'#"&'""&'"&'ªó ¨Figure.¡$"!¨ÏThe Figure of a syllogism is determined by the location of the two occurrences of the middle term in the premises.
	faculty.buffalostate.edu /hunterda/103/KELLEY9.ppt (776 words)

	Syllogistics in Ordinary Language
		But then the categorical proposition that links Spinoza with the class designated by the term "philosopher" could be interpreted as an A proposition (All S are P) or as an I proposition (Some S are P) or as both of these together.
		In order to achieve the uniform translation of all three propositions contained in a categorical syllogism, it is sometimes useful to modify each of the terms employed in an ordinary-language argument by stating it in terms of a general domain or parameter.
		The conclusion of one syllogism serves as one of the premises for another syllogism, whose conclusion may serve as one of the premises for another, and so on.
	www.philosophypages.com /lg/e09.htm (1208 words)

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