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Topic: Caterina Sforza

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	Caterina Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Caterina Sforza (1463–May 10, 1509), countess of Forli, was an illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza.
		The latter began his campaign of conquest with Caterina Sforza's dominions and attacked her with his whole army, reinforced by 14,000 French troops and by Louis XII.
		Caterina absolved the citizens of Forli from their oath of fealty, and defended herself in the citadel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caterina_Sforza (929 words)

	House of Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan.
		The dynasty was founded by Muzio Attendolo, called Sforza ("Strong") (Cotignola, 1369 - near Pescara, 1424) a condottiere from the Romagna serving the Angevin kings of Naples.
		His son Francesco Sforza ruled Milan for the first half of the Renaissance era, acquiring the title of Duke of Milan from the extinct Visconti family in 1447.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sforza (338 words)

	[No title]
		SFORZA, CATERINA (1463-1509), countess of Forli, was an illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza (see above).
		Giovanni died in 1498, but Caterina managed with the aid of Lodovico it Moro and of the Florentines to save her dominions from the attacks of the Venetians.
		Caterina placed her children in safety and took strenuous measures for defence.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=60684 (730 words)

	Caterina Sforza
		Caterina knew very well that she and the children might be the killers' next victims.
		Caterina was personally devastated, but instead of collapsing in grief, she took swift action.
		Caterina fought as she had always fought "like a tiger." She put on armor herself and encouraged her men from the city walls.
	www.womenwholead.org /caterina_sforza.htm (1744 words)

	Caterina Sforza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Countess of Forli Caterina was the bastard daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, though she became the legitimized daughter of Lucrezia Landiani (she had two mothers throughout her youth).
		At the age of 9, Caterina was engaged to Girolamo Riaria (relative of the reigning Pope).
		Caterina was said to be tall, slim, and blonde - but she was far from being a bimbo, in fact was courageous, and sometimes even cruel.
	www.sforza.com /html/CaterinaSforza.html (530 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		SFORZA [Sforza], Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
		Francesco was succeeded by his eldest son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1444-76, a highly educated but dissolute and cruel man; he was a patron of the arts and employed the architect Bramante.
		Galeazzo's daughter Bianca Maria married Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and his illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza, 1463?-1509, became the wife of Gerolamo Riario, lord of the cities of Imola and Forlì; and a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Sforza (601 words)

	CATERINA SFORZA - LoveToKnow Article on CATERINA SFORZA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1473 she was betrothed to Girolamo Riario, a son of Pope Sixtus IV., who was thus able to regain possession of Imola, that city being made a fief of the Riario family.
		The castle of Imola was held by her henchman Dionigi Naldi of Brisighella, until resistance being no longer possible he surrendered (December 1499) with the honors of war.
		In this she failed owing to the hostility of her brothers-in-law, Pierfrancesco and Lorenzo de Medici, and as they wished to get her son Giovanni de Medici (afterwards Giovanni dalle Bande Nere) into their hands, she took refuge with him in the convent of Annalena, where she died on the 20th of May 1509.
	59.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SF/SFORZA_CATERINA.htm (716 words)

	SFORZA. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The first prominent member of the family was Muzio Attendolo Sforza, 1369–1424, a farmer from the Romagna who became a noted condottiere and took the surname Sforza [the forcer].
		Francesco was succeeded by his eldest son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1444–76, a highly educated but dissolute and cruel man; he was a patron of the arts and employed the architect Bramante.
		Galeazzo’s daughter Bianca Maria married Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and his illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza, 1463?–1509, became the wife of Gerolamo Riario, lord of the cities of Imola and Forlì; and a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/sf/Sforza.html (592 words)

	Sforza articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sforza SFORZA [Sforza], Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
		Sforza opposed Mussolini and resigned as ambassador to Paris in
		Sforza, Francesco I SFORZA, FRANCESCO I [Sforza, Francesco I], 1401-66, duke of Milan (1450-66); illegitimate son of Muzio Attendolo Sforza.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/11751.html (420 words)

	Caterina Sforza (1462-1509) A Renaissance Virago - Beaverland Womania where web surfers buy things and find out the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		One of the most famous (or infamous) Renaissance women, Caterina Sforza came to this world in 1462 as the illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan, and Lucrezia Landriano, the wife of his courtier.
		Galeazzo Maria (Caterina’s father) was born in 1444 as the son of Francesco, the famous condottiere.
		Caterina Sforza entered the world as a lasting memento to the passionate love of a princeling for a beautiful lady.
	barclay.e-city.tv /women/renaissa/caterina.html (1320 words)

	Sforza - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Sforza, Italian ducal family that ruled Milan from 1450 to 1535.
		Sforza, Francesco (1401-1466), Duke of Milan, son of Giacomuzzo Sforza (1369-1424), founder of the Sforza dynasty of Milan.
		Sforza, Galeazzo Maria (1444-1476), Duke of Milan, son of Francesco Sforza.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/searchdetail.aspx?q=Sforza&pg=1&grp=art (235 words)

	Sforza - Bedeutung, Definition, Erklärung im netlexikon
		Seine Tochter Bianca Maria Sforza (1472-1510/11) heiratete 1493 Kaiser Maximilian I., eine weitere Tochter ist Caterina Sforza.
		Seine Tochter Bona Sforza (* 1491, † 1557) heiratete 1518 König Sigismund I. von Polen (regierte 1506-1548).
		Bianca Maria Sforza (1472-1511) ∞ 1494 Kaiser Maximilian I. Anna Sforza (1473-1497) ∞ 1491 Alfonso I. d'Este (1476-1534)
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Sforza.html (856 words)

	Caterina Sforza (1462-1509) A Renaissance Virago (PART 2) - Beaverland Womania where web surfers buy things and find ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sforza relations with France were, however, carefully nurtured, and Galeazzo Maria was the instrument of that policy.
		Caterina always thought of her children as a pleasant period and knew that she had to thank Bona for it.
		Caterina must have longed to join the pompous caravan that left Milan in May. It awed not only the young girl but also the contemporary chroniclers, who recount with ill-concealed disapproval the members of the traveling group.
	barclay.e-city.tv /women/renaissa/caterinb.html (1978 words)

	SFORZA (FAMILY) - LoveToKnow Article on SFORZA (FAMILY) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Gian Galeazzo married Isabella of Aragon, granddaughter of the king of Naples, and his sudden death was attributed by some to poison administered by the regent.
		His daughter, BONA SFORZA (1493-1557), married King Sigismund of Poland in 1518.
		The duchy went to Charles V. The dukes of Sforza-Cesarini and the counts of Santa Fiora are descended from collateral branches of the Sforza family.
	58.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SF/SFORZA_FAMILY_.htm (1036 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		She was daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza by Lucrezia Landiani, and was later legitimized.
		In Forlì; it was Caterina who issued justice, especially after the revolt in 1487 in which her husban failed to do anything.
		Caterina was also involved in a plot and tried to poison Pope Alexander VI.
	www.gicas.net /machiavelli/caterina.html (242 words)

	Sforza
		Sixtus IV After Gerolamo was murdered (1488), Caterina ruled both cities until she lost them to Cesare Borgia in 1499.
		Francesco I Sforza - Sforza, Francesco I, 1401–66, duke of Milan (1450–66); illegitimate son of Muzio...
		Ludovico Sforza - Sforza, Ludovico or Lodovico, b.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0844623.html (575 words)

	Virago of the Renaissance
		So Caterina once more saw the city which she had entered as the bride of the Pope's nephew three-and-twenty years before, and was lodged a prisoner in the Belvedere of the Vatican.
		It is hardly likely that Caterina would have issued alive from her prison had it not been for the intervention of the French general, who demanded her release, as the King of France's prisoner of war.
		The remaining eight years of Caterina Sforza's life were spent in retirement at Florence, partly at her husband's town house, partly at the beautiful Medici villa of Castello.
	www.btinternet.com /~j.lillie/virago5.htm (853 words)

	The Scotsman - Unmasked: Muse who became Mona Lisa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Caterina Sforza, the Countess of Forlì, was a Renaissance beauty who was referred to as "the Virago", or woman warrior, for her accomplishments.
		Caterina was also involved in a plot to try to poison Pope Alexander VI, whose illegitimate son, Cesare Borgia, was besieging her lands.
		It is said that Caterina once responded to a threat to slit the throats of her two captured sons by lifting her skirts on the battlements and shouting that more heirs were easily bred.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=282642002 (789 words)

	Caterina Sforza, continued... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Though Catherine Sforza was originally from Forli, once she gained control of Imola, she moved her personal retinue there, and used that as her main centre of operations.
		Caterina's stepmother, Bona of Savoy, like many women of means at the time, had her own speziale, Cristoforo da Brugora, who kept his own botanical garden.
		Ludovico Albertini, who was a speziale in Forli, was Caterina's "special confidant" in all matters pharmaceutical and botanical: "he bought both the ingredients and the pre-mixed drugs for her", says Breisach.
	www.voynich.net /Arch/2002/01/msg00071.html (563 words)

	Caterina Sforza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Born as the illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza in 1462, Caterina Sforza became a unique women for her time.
		Caterina was then captured and imprisoned in Castel Sant' Angelo for one year.
		Renaissance men referred to Caterina as "the Virago," or women warrior, for all her accomplishments.
	www.kings.edu /womens_history/sforza.html (239 words)

	Illustrious People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Relieving forces dispersed the conspirators and Caterina took savage reprisals; she was equally vindictive aftcer the death of her lover Giacomo Feo (1495).
		Caterina was taken to Rome in captivity, but aftcer renouncing her political claims she was released (July 1501).
		Caterina was not distinguished as a patron of learning and the arts, though she did compile a book of cosmetic and medical prescriptions.
	www.wga.hu /database/glossary/illustri/sforza_c.html (266 words)

	Guardian \| Mona Lisa revealed as adventurous beauty
		Ms Soest believes that Mona Lisa was in fact the Duchess of Forli and Imola, born Caterina Sforza, and has unearthed a contemporary picture painted in 1487 by Italian artist Lorenzo di Credi to prove it.
		Ms Soest is also reported to have done detailed studies of the nose, hair, lips and cheek structure in order to arrive at her conclusion.
		Caterina Sforza was born in 1462, the illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan, and the wife of one of his followers.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4374310-103681,00.html (379 words)

	3 IMOLA AND FORLI
		Notwithstanding that the inhabitants were under the immediate eye of the formidable countess, and although she sent her brother, Alessandro Sforza, to exhort the people and the Council to stand by her, the latter, weary as the rest of the oppressive tyranny of her family, dispatched their representatives to Cesare to offer him the town.
		As for Giovanni Sforza, despite the fact that the Duke of Urbino had sent some foot to support him, he was far more likely to run than to fight, and in fact he had already taken the precaution of placing his money and valuables in safety and was disposing, himself, to follow them.
		Lodovico Sforza had raised an army of Swiss and German mercenaries to reconquer his dominions, and the Milanese were opening their arms to receive him back, having already discovered that, in exchanging his rule for that of the French, they had but exchanged King Log for King Stork.
	books.rakeshv.org /html/lcbga10/lcbga10ch13.html (4155 words)

	Worldroots.com
		She was born late 1462 or early 1463, an illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan, by Lucrezia Landriani.
		According to legend, Caterina Sforza locked herself and her children in her room but Cecco Orsi soon had them extricated.
		A second time Caterina was taken to the citadel and this time she pursuaded her captors to allow her to enter the castle with the pretext of pursuading Tommaso Feo in person to surrender, as her
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/bio/caterinasforzabio1462.html (981 words)

	Sforza Francesco I: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		He succeeded his father as leader of his band of mercenaries, and by his valor and sagacity he became one of the most powerful condottieri of his time.
		I can appreciate that...equestrian monument to Francesco Sforza, commissioned by...to have depicted Francesco on a rearing horse...clay model for the "Sforza Horse" was used for...been shown together.
		SFORZA, FRANCESCO I franchas ko, 1401 66, duke of Milan...Ambrosian republic was set up in Milan.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/sforza_francesco_i.jsp (1350 words)

	Lisa or Caterina?: Who was Mona? in The AnswerBank: Arts & Literature
		Ms Soest thinks it is a picture of Caterina Sforza, one of the most celebrated Italian women of her day, and something of an icon to modern feminists.
		Caterina died in Florence in 1509 at the age of 46.
		Caterina would have been 25 at the time - so 15 years younger than she would have been in da Vinci's painting - but there are enough similarities in the physiognomy and general demeanour to lend credence to the theory.
	www.theanswerbank.co.uk /Article3121.html (729 words)

	Sforza on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sforza Enterprises, Inc. Appoints Chief Financial Officer and Director of Operations.
		Sforza Enterprises, Inc. Announces First Quarter 1999 Gains.
		Sforza Enterprises Retains OTC Financial Network for Comprehensive Investor Relations Campaign.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Sforza.asp (744 words)

	Castello del Trebbio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Caterina married Giovanni, who apparently was of gentle disposition, though he was some year her junior.
		Whereas all her Riario children were somewhat despised by their mother, this baby was “all Sforza”, and the apple of her eye.
		At a tender age he showed himself both hardy and fearless but, alas, these attributes later developed into violence and vindictiveness and as his mother was the only person who had any control over him, it was a tragedy for all when she died in 1509.
	www.y-knot.net /Story.htm (1888 words)

	Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia)
		We need not believe that the opulent and high-spirited Cardinal Ascanio Sforza was tempted with four mule-loads of silver, but his instant elevation to the vice-chancellorship speaks for itself.
		Caterina Sforza, regent of Imola and Forli, received a summons to discharge certain arrears long woing to her suzerain.
		France and Spain, meanwhile, had concerted their secret arrangement for the dispossession of the King of Naples, and Caesar Borgia prepared to remove the only obstacle to his own participation in it.
	www.1902-encyclopedia.com /A/ALE/alexander-vi.html (3633 words)

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