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	Lyman Beecher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lyman Beecher (October 12, 1775 - January 10, 1865) was a Presbyterian clergyman, abolitionist, and father of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, and Catharine Beecher.
		In 1832, Beecher became pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati (today, this congregation is Covenant-First Presbyterian Church), and the first president of Lane Theological Seminary where his mission was to train ministers to win the West for Protestantism.
		Beecher's term at the school came at a time when a number of burning issues, particularly slavery, threatened to divide the Presbyterian Church, the state of Ohio and the nation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lyman_Beecher (410 words)

	Catharine Beecher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Catherine Esther Beecher (September 6, 1800 – May 12, 1878), the daughter of Lyman Beecher and sister to Harriet Beecher Stowe, was a very active supporter for the cause of women's education.
		Beecher published A Treatise on Domestic Economy for the Use of Young Ladies at Home and at School, which emphasized the importance of women's work and role in society.
		In addition, Beecher was instrumental in the founding of women's colleges at Burlington, Iowa, Quincy, Illinois, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catharine_Beecher (172 words)

	PBS Online: Only A Teacher: Schoolhouse Pioneers
		Catharine Beecher was born into a prominent family at a time when even wealthy women received minimal formal education.
		Beecher extolled the feminine virtues and believed that femininity was innately suited to the responsibilities of both mothers and teachers.
		Catharine Beecher says you've got all these young women who are essentially bored and wasting their life in frivolous gossip and fashion and so they should become school teachers and do something that is morally good and prepares them for motherhood.
	www.pbs.org /onlyateacher/beecher.html (953 words)

	Lawrence University : Alumni : Downer Women : Catharine Beecher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CATHARINE BEECHER was invited by Lucy Ann Parsons to bring her Beecher Plan to the Milwaukee Female Seminary.
		She was the eldest of 13 children, of the infamous Beechers of Boston: teachers, preachers, judges, and leaders of antebellum reform.
		Catharine's younger sister, Harriet Beecher Stowe, was an abolitionist; Catharine was a feminist.
	www.lawrence.edu /alumni/m-d/beecher.htm (152 words)

	81.ch.08: Women’s Political Rights In Connecticut 1830-1980
		Catharine Beecher, the most prominent Beecher woman prior to the 1850s, developed principles and practices seeking to equalize the education of women for teaching and domestic “science.” She wrote and spoke extensively on her new ideology of domesticity, hoping that women could attain equality through work in spheres separate from men.
		One of Catharine Beecher’s major aims was the education of women and her numerous books advanced ways to increase their status and power in society (see the bibliography at the end of this period unit.) She encouraged the establishment of women’s colleges, seminaries, and Institutes.
		Catharine Beecher was especially attracted to this formula since it described her own experience and since it focused the spotlight of cultural virtue on women.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/cthistory/81.ch.08.x.html (6327 words)

	History of American Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Beecher had a legacy of American women who questioned the role of women in the domestic and public spheres that were popularly adopted and taught at the highest levels.
		Beecher was the eldest of thirteen children, and after her mother’s death in 1816 was responsible for the upkeep of what must have been an extremely demanding household.
		Beecher shared with Hale a rhetorical boldness that was not common in the nineteenth century, particularly among women, in that she identified by name the person with whom she disagreed on a certain issue.
	www.thoemmes.com /american/beecher_intro.htm (8980 words)

	Beecher family. Finding Aid
		Lyman Beecher was born on October 12, 1775 in New Haven, Connecticut to David Beecher, a flsmith, and Esther Hawley Lyman.
		Catharine Esther Beecher was born on September 6, 1800 in East Hampton, New York.
		Mary Beecher was born in 1805 in East Hampton, New York She assisted her sister Catharine at her school in Hartford and married Thomas Clapp Perkins (1798-1870) in 1827.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /lits/library/arch/col/msrg/mancol/ms0509r.htm (1026 words)

	Theology Today - Vol 31, No. 4 - January 1975 - BOOK REVIEW - Catharine Beecher: A Study in American Domesticity
		Herself unmarried, and without a home of her own during most of her life, Catharine Beecher saw the family as being the center for the promulgation of morality and virtue, with the wife and mother as the primary transmitter of social values and, ultimately, the creator of a national and even worldwide social cohesion.
		Her handling of the ideal of sacrifice is bred into the bones even of present-day America: the movement which repudiates her notion that a woman's whole duty is sacrifice reflects her influence as conspicuously as that which affirms it as woman's whole fulfilment and source of power.
		Catharine Beecher is fortunate in having a biographer who is at once as clear-eyed and as compassionate as Kathryn Kish Sklar.
	theologytoday.ptsem.edu /jan1975/v31-4-bookreview1.htm (684 words)

	Open Collections Program: Women Working: Catharine Beecher
		Born in New York, Catharine Esther Beecher was an influential leader in the campaign for equal educational opportunities for women and a prolific writer on the position of women in society.
		Catharine was the oldest daughter in the famous Beecher family.
		Despite her belief that women should remain in the domestic sphere, Catharine lived a very active life outside of the home that was filled with vigorous political advocacy of more educational opportunities for women.
	ocp.hul.harvard.edu /ww/people_beecher.html (616 words)

	The Beecher Tradition : Catherine Beecher
		Catherine Esther Beecher was born in 1800, during a period when the "cult of domesticity" was the accepted doctrine for women.
		Catherine is recognized as one of the early promoters of higher education for women, and taught, lectured and wrote on the subjects of education, domestic economy, women's health and calisthenics until her death in 1878.
		Catherine Beecher believed that there was a need for a school for girls that would challenge their intellectual abilities.
	newman.baruch.cuny.edu /digital/2001/beecher/catherine.htm (1020 words)

	Catharine E. Beecher (1800 – 1878)
		The eldest child of prominent New England minister the Rev. Lyman Beecher, Catharine Beecher devoted her life to enabling women to be more competent and contented in their roles as caretakers and homemakers.
		In her efforts to expand educational opportunities for women, Catharine Beecher worked to improve a system in which teachers often possessed inadequate knowledge of academic material, girls pursued mostly "ornamental" activities such as embroidery or piano, and some communities, especially those in the rapidly expanding western frontier, had no schools at all.
		Unsympathetic to the politically-minded suffragists of the mid-19th century (she once criticized abolitionist women for stepping too far outside of the domestic sphere), Catharine Beecher's mission was nonetheless to ameliorate the conditions and raise the status of American women's day-to-day experiences.
	www.librarycompany.org /women/portraits/beecher.htm (286 words)

	CPTV/Mark Twain's Neighborhood: Nook Farm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Catharine stressed the importance of moral philosophy in the school's curriculum and emphasized the role that women should play in uplifting the moral code of society and in asserting themselves as properly trained teachers in the public schools.
		She believed that young ladies of influential families should be thoroughly trained in domestic economy and child rearing and in the mission they were to have as the chief guardians a high moral code for society.
		"Catharine moved to Cincinnati in 1831 and for several decades thereafter devoted much of her efforts to lecturing and raising funds for the reform and upgrading of schools and the training of women as teachers.
	www.cptv.org /nookfarm/pages/catharine-beecher.html (443 words)

	Brief Biographies of Jackson Era Characters (B)
		At the age of 14, she spent a year in Catharine Beecher's Hartford Female Seminary, which accellerated her intellectual development, and probably lead to the sort of intense Calvinist conversion experience which Beecher (who struggled with her inability to have such an experience) promoted among her pupils.
		Beecher's rather naive way of thinking permitted anti-abolitionists to attend and totally disrupt the abolitionist convention which Lovejoy promoted in his town of Alton, IL, and it is quite likely that this had a decisive impact on the whole affair.
		Born and raised in Connecticut, Lyman Beecher was the son and grandson of a flsmith.
	www.earlyrepublic.net /BIOG-B.htm (6035 words)

	Harriet Beecher Stowe - Britannica Concise
		The daughter of the prominent Congregationalist minister Lyman Beecher and the sister of Catharine, Henry Ward, and Edward, she grew up in an atmosphere of learning and moral earnestness.
		Beecher, Catharine (Esther) - U.S. educator who popularized and shaped a conservative movement to both elevate and entrench woman's role in the domestic sphere.
		Beecher, Catharine Esther - American educator and author who popularized and shaped a conservative ideological movement to both elevate and entrench woman's place in the domestic sphere of American culture.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9069861 (901 words)

	OSV - Document Viewer - Doc # 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Catharine Beecher, the oldest child of the famous minister Lyman Beecher and sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe, wrote An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism, in Reference to the Duty of American Females, in response to a speaking tour of two abolitionist sisters, Angelina and Sarah Grimké, who were Southerners from a slaveholding family.
		Catharine Beecher, like most of her American contemporaries, believed that the Bible’s “divine economy” ordained that “woman holds a subordinate relation in society to the other sex.” Beecher argued that women’s duties and influence were as important as men’s but had to be exercised in totally different ways.
		Anything that “throws a woman into the attitude of a combatant,” Beecher maintained, “throws her out of her appropriate sphere.” Consequently, active participation in politics, and particularly in the antislavery movement, was totally wrong for women.
	www.osv.org /learning/DocumentViewer.php?Action=View&DocID=12 (1006 words)

	Houghton Mifflin Textbook - Leaders in Education
		Catharine Beecher believed strongly that for women to be properly prepared as teachers, they needed special training institutions similar to the model of men's colleges and universities.
		However, she emphasized that the quality of women's education needed to be improved, pointing out that the model of female loveliness that included fainting and playing the "pretty plaything" was not adequate for the roles women were expected to assume.
		Beecher called upon the leading female schools in the country to establish a uniform course of education adapted to the character and circumstances of women, corresponding to what was done in colleges for young men, and she urged the benefactors of female institutions to provide suitable facilities for instruction, such as libraries and scientific equipment.
	college.hmco.com /education/ryan_cooper/twct/10e/students/leaders/ch09.html (483 words)

	Catharine Esther Beecher (from Beecher family) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The oldest of Lyman Beecher's daughters, Catharine became noted for her work on behalf of higher education for women.
		Born in East Hampton, N.Y., on Sept. 6, 1800, Catharine Beecher established and became principal of the Hartford (Conn.) Female Seminary in 1824.
		Among them were Lyman, a Presbyterian minister, and his children Catharine Beecher, an educator; Harriet Beecher Stowe, a writer; Henry Ward Beecher, a Congregational preacher; and Edward Beecher, a clergyman and educator.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-197300 (614 words)

	UTC
		Beecher responded to Grimké's assertions that Southern women should actively protest the system of slavery in her Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism (1837), in which she claimed that women, true to their naturally subordinate natures, were not fit to interfere in such matters.
		In contrast, Catharine Beecher's argument against women's involvement in abolitionism in Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism is predicated on the belief that women are naturally unsuited for public activities and that their place is in the domestic sphere.
		She is the pinnacle of Beecher's domestic orderliness, yet she also vehemently and vocally opposes the treatment of slaves and the institution of slavery itself.
	academic.reed.edu /english/Courses/English341nn/Studpages/Amanda.html (2799 words)

	SSRN-The Beecher Sisters as Nineteenth-Century Feminist Icons of the Sameness-Difference Debate by Tracy Thomas
		Catharine symbolizes the difference feminist and the emphasis on a different voice and focus for women.
		At the end of the book, the picture that emerges is one of the Beecher sisters together as the depiction of the state of feminism in the twenty-first century.
		The modern approach to feminist theory is to avoid one essential view of women and feminism, and instead to recognize a variety of different strands of approaches woven together in the fabric of feminist theory.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=593483 (587 words)

	From Quackery to Bacteriology, Document 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Catharine Beecher noted a connection between poor air quality in European slums and the spread of disease.
		She advocated open fireplaces and improved home ventilation, stating the "first and most indispensable requisite for health is pure air, both by day and night." She felt windows should be kept open and bed chambers kept cold to improve resistance to disease.
		Catherine Beecher’s theory of the effect of tight corsets on the internal organs of women.
	www.cl.utoledo.edu /canaday/quackery/quack6.html (1231 words)

	The Social, Political and Philosophical Works of Catharine Beecher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Without her, as without other women too long erased from the ongoing, questing conversations that should be our heritage, the story is both falsified and distorted by being presented as whole when actually it is partial in all senses of the term.
		Outside the home, so Beecher argued, women should have access to higher education to prepare them for the teaching profession (Beecher herself founded Hartford Female Seminary and other leading women’s colleges.) As teachers, women could bring to the nation the same benefits as they brought to their families as mothers.
		Besides her more public life as educator and campaigner, Beecher was a very considerable philosopher and social theorist, and her writings are now the subject of increasing attention.
	www.thoemmes.com /american/beecher.htm (878 words)

	Beecher, Catharine Esther on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		BEECHER, CATHARINE ESTHER [Beecher, Catharine Esther] 1800-1878, American educator, b.
		Author of works on religion, health, and domestic science (which she introduced in her schools), Beecher was indefatigable in the promotion of liberal education for women, although she opposed woman suffrage.
		The "African enslavement of Anglo-Saxon minds": the Beechers as critics of Augustine.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b/beecherc1.asp (284 words)

	Angelina Grimké Weld (1805-1879) and Sarah Moore Grimké (1792-1873)
		Grimké wrote the Letters to Catharine Beecher for the weekly press during the summer of 1837, while she was traveling and lecturing as an "agent" of the American Anti-Slavery Society.
		Beecher, a leading educator, developed the notion of the moral superiority of females and, asserting the importance of the home, argued that women should oppose slavery within the domestic circle but should not enter the public political sphere--as Angelina Grimké was doing.
		Angelina Grimké's Letters: Written directly to Catharine Beecher, these were published weekly in the abolitionist press, then compiled into a pamphlet that became an abolitionist staple and stands as an early expression of the notions that would inform the feminist movement in 1848.
	www.georgetown.edu /bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/grimkesa.html (1135 words)

	OSV - Document Viewer - Doc # 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Catharine Beecher was the oldest child of the famous minister Lyman Beecher and the sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe.
		She agreed that slavery was a moral evil, but argued that abolitionist attacks would only inflame the South, make the condition of the slaves worse and more restricted, and destroy the possibility of ending slavery through persuasion and compromise.
		Beecher also noted that most Americans at the North still saw slavery as the South’s problem rather than an issue for the nation as a whole.
	www.osv.org /learning/DocumentViewer.php?DocID=8 (1067 words)

	God's High Calling for Women--Part 3 - John MacArthur
		Catharine Beecher was the oldest child of a famous family in American history.
		When Catharine was sixteen her mother died and an aunt moved into the Beecher home to fill her place.
		Catharine's father eventually remarried, and her step-mother was an expert in domestic administration.
	www.biblebb.com /files/MAC/sg54-16.htm (2823 words)

	Feeding America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Catharine Beecher is another of the great and influential ladies of 19th century American culinary history.
		Miss Beecher was a pioneer educator and home economist with a lifelong commitment to solving women's problems through education.
		Beecher tells us in her preface that this is an original (emphasis, hers) collection of receipts, all tested by superior housekeepers and "warranted to be the best." She indicates that all the recipes are written in "short, simple and perspicuous language" and can be used by any domestic who can read.
	digital.lib.msu.edu /projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_18.cfm (532 words)

	Catharine Esther Beecher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unlike others involved in the suffrage movement, Catharine Beecher, felt women should influence society through their domestic knowledge and further education.
		My interpretation of the letters she wrote to her older sister Harriet Beecher Stowe leads me to believe she felt that as women of the time, strength was in the misconcetpted weaknesses of the sex.
		Domesticity with a Difference The Nonfiction of Catharine Beecher, Sarah J. Hale, Fanny Fern, and Margaret Fuller
	hometown.aol.com /acalendar/September/Beecher.html (367 words)

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