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	PBS: Think Tank: Transcript for "A Conversation With Catherine MacKinnon"
		Catharine MacKinnon is a professor of law at the University ofMichigan.
		MacKINNON: As to whether it's sexually explicit or not, someof it is and some of it isn't.
		MacKINNON: Well, I'm not a liberal, so Idon't -- and I think she may be right in her analysis of, you know,that response or not.
	www.pbs.org /thinktank/transcript215.html (3462 words)

	WOMEN’S LIVES, MEN’S LAWS
		Catharine MacKinnon is a famously polarizing figure; her groundbreaking work in feminist legal theory has ardent admirers and fanatical opponents, with much of the substance of her analysis and method obscured by political and intellectual fallout over her controversial work on pornography.
		MacKinnon begins her search for equality in what she calls the practice of women’s lives—the unique forms of inequality that limit women’s lives: restrictions on reproductive freedom, commodification and exploitation of women’s sexuality, historical experiences of race- and class-based discrimination.
		Whether one agrees with her or not, MacKinnon is extraordinary in her willingness to tackle big, provocative questions about the nature of law, the requirements of justice, and the limitations of legal discourse.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/mackinnon805.htm (1866 words)

	Catharine MacKinnon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		MacKinnon was valedictorian in high school and enrolled at her mother's alma mater, Smith College, becoming the third generation of her family to attend.
		MacKinnon's father, George MacKinnon, was one of the judges on the panel in Barnes v.
		MacKinnon continued to support the civil rights approach in her writing and activism, and supported anti-pornography feminists who organized later campaigns in Cambridge, Massachusetts (1985) and Bellingham, Washington (1988) to pass versions of the ordinance by voter initiative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catharine_MacKinnon (3226 words)

	Mackinnon: Pornography is Oppression
		While Mackinnon's world view, thus summarized, may sound extreme, a thought experiment-- one I have advocated before-- is all that is really necessary to see the validity of her ideas.
		Mackinnon believes that men, who have more power and more aggression, will always shout loudest, that their speech is backed by the threat of violence, and that the pornographic speech of men, supposedly protected by the First Amendment, is itself violence.
		Mackinnon drafted a civil ordinance, which was passed in a number of places, which would have given women victims of pornography a civil right of lawsuit against pornographers.
	www.spectacle.org /1195/mack.html (1530 words)

	Mackinnon’s Textual Harassment
		Due to their “assimilationist” approach, Mackinnon dubs them “domesticated feminists.” Because “[n]o woman had a voice in the design of the legal institutions that rule the social order,” Mackinnon, in opposition to these Aunt Toms, concludes that the law itself is invariably flawed.
		Mackinnon’s legal conquests thus spelt the defeat of “neutral principles of constitutional law.” Sexual-harassment kangaroo courts are her unique contribution to obliterating the Rights of Englishmen in companies and across campuses.
		The paternalism Mackinnon proposes is predicated on the sort of state intervention incommensurate with a free society—for which she is unapologetic.
	www.ilanamercer.com /MackinnonsTextualHarassment.htm (1357 words)

	Women's Lives, Men's Laws
		MacKinnon is a figure of singular importance for the history of feminist thought and for its present.
		Before MacKinnon, again, issues of sexual equality were commonly dealt with by saying "equals to equals, unequals to unequals"—so if a difference could be shown between women and men, for example that only women get pregnant, not providing employees with pregnancy insurance did not constitute sex discrimination.
		The author is at her most passionate in essays describing the destructive effects of pornography on all women forced to engage in it, whether as participants, viewers, or partners of viewers; running through these essays is the story of her efforts to make pornography a civil offense in Minneapolis.
	www.ou.edu /cas/psc/bookmackinnon4.htm (1290 words)

	Amazon.ca: Are Women Human? : And Other International Dialogues: Books: Catharine A. MacKinnon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As Catharine MacKinnon explores this and other international legal questions about genocide, rape, and women's status, these essays supply ample evidence for her stature as one of the most original and provocative legal theorists of our age.
		The essays gathered here are quintessential MacKinnon and reflect her journeys to Bosnia, Canada, Sweden, and across the terrains of international law, and gender politics, and the injustices that lie beyond the power of any single nation.
		MacKinnon's bracing essays globalize her signature ideas--the hidden power behind "neutral" rules, the role of male privilege in the construction of hierarchal rules and law-making processes, the invisibility of those subordinated by the public/private divide, the flaws in Aristotle's concept of equality--with devastating results for the heretofore complacent field of international law.
	www.amazon.ca /Are-Women-Human-International-Dialogues/dp/0674021878 (657 words)

	The Outsider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		MacKinnon, who now holds a J.D. and a Ph.D. degree in political science, was a student at Yale when sexual harassment cases first arose in the 1970s.
		Sexual harassment disadvantages women as a gender, argued MacKinnon; the harm comes in a social context in which women's economic survival and sexual exploitation are constructed and joined to women's detriment.
		MacKinnon further contended that antidiscrimination law should do more than merely pick out and condemn those laws and policies that were based on inaccurate or outmoded stereotypes and that thus failed to mirror society.
	www.tnstate.edu /cmcginnis/theoutsider.htm (941 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Are women human?
		MacKinnon, by contrast, looks a little like Tippi Hedren and seems vexingly imperturbable and more sartorially put together in her green silk trousers and other designer duds than anyone who has just flown across the Atlantic to publicise a book has a right to be.
		MacKinnon rather considered it hate speech, one that she and Dworkin defined as "the graphic sexually explicit subordination of women through pictures or words", but also one with real power - notably, to cause the rape and murder of women.
		MacKinnon believes that while her approach to constraining porn is ignored, the global industry has become far bigger business than when she first started fighting it a quarter of a century ago.
	www.guardian.co.uk /gender/story/0,,1751983,00.html (3028 words)

	Amazon.com: Only Words: Books: Catharine A. MacKinnon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		MacKinnon counters that pornography and hate messages "do the same thing: enact the abuse." Porn, she argues, subordinates and degrades women and incites sexual harassers, wife beaters, child molesters, rapists and clients of prostitutes.
		MacKinnon, a professor at the University of Michigan Law School and the author of numerous works (e.g., Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, LJ 8/89), is one of the nation's foremost proponents of feminist legal theory.
		MacKinnon, who has argued intelligently and with great force for a new theoretical framework (as in her "Feminism Unmodified"), here falls victim to her passion, producing a work that is academically unsound.
	www.amazon.com /Only-Words-Catharine-MacKinnon/dp/0674639340 (2095 words)

	Harvard University Press: Women's Lives, Men's Laws by Catharine A. MacKinnon
		Catharine MacKinnon brings several decades worth of writing and speaking on the role of women in law together in this collection of essays.
		One mark of [MacKinnon's] status as someone taken very seriously in some very serious quarters is the fact that the current collection is simply that--not a book woven together from or built on older pieces, but a handy repository for some of MacKinnon's law journal articles, anthology contributions and speeches...
		Catharine A. MacKinnon is Elizabeth A. Long Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/MACWOM.html?show=reviews (1068 words)

	Legal Weapon
		Because she is so well known as a feminist thinker, it is easy to forget that MacKinnon is also a lawyer, and a very shrewd one.
		For her role in this landmark prosecution, MacKinnon was honored as one of the finalists in the 2001 "trial lawyer of the year" competition by the Trial Lawyers for Public Justice.
		MacKinnon's central theme, repeatedly and convincingly mined, is the hypocrisy of the international system when it faces up to some crimes against humanity but fails to confront similar harms when they happen to women, often on a daily basis.
	www.thenation.com /doc/20060731/nussbaum (878 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Questionable Quotes (Rape Seeded )
		MacKinnon claims the first reference to her alleged belief that all sex is hostile surfaced in the October 1986 issue of Playboy.
		According to MacKinnon, the statement (which had previously been attached to feminist Andrea Dworkin) was made up by the pornography industry in an attempt to undermine her credibility.
		MacKinnon was further tied to the quote she did not utter by a March 1999 article by conservative commentator Cal Thomas in which he incorrectly identified her as the author of
	www.snopes.com /quotes/mackinno.htm (579 words)

	Feminism Unmodified
		Women as such are incidental, a subplot, not central, either to liberalism or to her critique...." Catharine MacKinnon, Feminism Unmodified (1988 paperback), Part I, Approaches, Chapter 1, "Not by Law Alone: From a Debate with Phyllis Schlafly (1982), pp.
		MacKinnon offers a unique retrospective on the law of sexual harassment, which she designed and has worked for a decade to establish, and a prospectus on the law of pornography, which she proposes to change in the next ten years.
		She argues that viewing gender as a matter of sameness and difference—as virtually all existing theory and law have done—covers up the reality of gender, which is a system of social hierarchy, an imposed inequality of power.
	www.ou.edu /cas/psc/bookmackinnon.htm (1295 words)

	JULIAN DIBBELL
		I remember that MacKinnon was indeed present, and that she was naturally invited to join me in my presentation to the class.
		Nor, as I recall, did MacKinnon direct much more than two or three sentences toward me, and even those were mostly warnings that what she was about to say was not for publication.
		For what had become clear to me as I'd listened to MacKinnon's appreciation of "A Rape in Cyberspace" was that she really wasn't interested in that oscillation I find so central to the notion of virtual rape, and indeed of virtual reality in general.
	www.juliandibbell.com /texts/mydinner.html (2159 words)

	Feminist Law Professors » Blog Archive » Pornography, Rape, Feminism and Catharine MacKinnon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		I don’t embrace everything MacKinnon has written or said, but I don’t know too many people who have read her work who would write her off as a “major twit” or that can consider her personal history without recognizing the great personal sacrifices she made when she committed her life to feminist activism.
		Even if MacKinnon was rejected because she is “a major twit,” that doesn’t explain why so many other smart, successful women have been kept off the faculty as well, in part by men who identify as liberal.
		MacKinnon may be wrong about things, but she isn’t stupid, and she deserves to be read and considered.
	feministlawprofs.law.sc.edu /?p=651 (898 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Mackinnon the man-eater
		The baleful influence of feminist Catharine Mackinnon on American and Canadian jurisprudence cannot be underestimated.
		But then, in Mackinnon's world – now ours – accused men are symbols of a larger sickness, for which they must pay by forfeiting their rights.
		The paternalism Mackinnon proposes is predicated on the sort of state intervention incommensurate with a free society – for which she is unapologetic.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=50171 (1118 words)

	Harvard University Press: Only Words by Catharine A. MacKinnon
		MacKinnon's book is an eloquent plea to Americans to move beyond what she sees as the prejudiced limitations of current doctrine, in particular of current liberal doctrine.
		In Only Words, [MacKinnon] presents the most lucid and concise presentation of her argument that porn is more than just words...Her argument is making significant legal inroads and, to understand where she would like to take us, Only Words provides a clear road map.
		MacKinnon states her case in prose that is as distinctive and as trenchant as Orwell's.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/MACONL.html?show=reviews (517 words)

	Sex in the Twilight Zone: Catharine MacKinnon’s crusade by Roger Kimball
		Professor MacKinnon is poised and comely, conservatively, almost primly, dressed and meticulously made-up, her nails gleaming and hair piled high in calculated disorder.
		Professor MacKinnon can be a diligent scholar; and no doubt the case law she cites raises challenging questions for specialists interested in the tension between the First and the Fourteenth Amendments (a tension that in this context might be described as the conflict between the demand for individual freedom and the promotion of group rights).
		Professor MacKinnon tells us that she looks forward to the imposition of a “nondominant authority.” This marvelous Orwellian oxymoron—even she admits that it is currently “unthinkable”—perfectly epitomizes her approach to social policy.
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/12/oct93/kimball.htm (3315 words)

	Fathers for Lies: selective quotation and distortion of Catharine MacKinnon's position: Geekery Today 2005-03-26 :: Rad ...
		By stripping the quotes of their context, it attributes a view to MacKinnon that is the opposite of the one that she holds; that is to say, it presents demonstrable deceptions as fact.
		If MacKinnon did say what she is quoted as saying, then it was surely in the context of elaborating an opposing view in order to criticize it, and the quote is deceptively taken out of its context and passed off as a statement of belief in propia voce.
		I studied MacKinnon extensively a number of years back, and surely I would remember if she said that the goal of feminism is socialist government.
	radgeek.com /gt/2005/03/26/fathers_for (3994 words)

	Waging war on sex crimes and videotape - efforts of Kathleen Mahoney and Catharine MacKinnon to create more extensive ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But the real heavy hitters in the movement are legal scholars such as Canadian Kathleen Mahoney and American Catharine MacKinnon, who have drafted legal rationales that have dramatically changed the way their respective countries think about sexual harassment in the workplace, sexual assault and pornography.
		MacKinnon, a 44-year-old professor at the University of Michigan Law School in Ann Arbor, has emerged as the movement's clear superstar.
		The Supreme Court adopted MacKinnon's view that sexual harassment which is "severe or pervasive" enough to create "a hostile or abusive work environment" is sufficient legal justification for a suit under civil rights laws.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1571/is_n18_v9/ai_13698890 (817 words)

	Friends of Animals \| Some Thoughts on Catharine MacKinnon’s Essay “Of Mice and Men”
		Catharine A. MacKinnon, Elizabeth A. Long Professor of Law at the University of Michigan, specializes in equality issues under international and constitutional law.
		MacKinnon, who has taught at Yale, Chicago, Harvard, Osgoode Hall, Stanford, Basel (Switzerland), and Columbia, pioneered the legal claim for sexual harassment, establishing it before the U.S. Supreme Court; and the Supreme Court of Canada accepted her approaches to equality, pornography, and hate speech.
		MacKinnon is the author of 10 books and numerous scholarly and popular articles in several languages, and is one of the most widely cited legal scholars in English.
	www.friendsofanimals.org /actionline/winter-2005/catharine-mackinnon-of-mice-and-men.html (2308 words)

	MacKinnon Books - Signed, used, new, out-of-print
		Catharine A. MacKinnon, noted feminist and legal scholar, explores and develops her original theories and practical proposals on sexual politics and law.
		In 1998 Sandy Mackinnon set off from his home in England in a Mirror dinghy on what was supposed to be a one-week jaunt down the Severn river, only to find himself, one year later, sailing out onto the Black Sea.
		In this fascinating handbook, MacKinnon combines the powerful tools of life coaching and astrology to create coaching tips and exercises specifically designed for each of the 12 star signs.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/MacKinnon (1333 words)

	Feminist Fallacies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In her book, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, Catharine MacKinnon explains the nascence of this idea: "...since a woman's problems are not hers individually but those of women as a whole, they cannot be addressed except as a whole.
		Catharine MacKinnon, speaking of pornographic exploitation, argues that, "Reputational harm to those who are allowed to be individuals -- mostly white men -- is legal harm.
		MacKinnon and her sisters aren't denied individual status -- they refuse it.
	www.rightgrrl.com /steph/fallacy.htm (1346 words)

	TIME.com: Assault By Paragraph -- Jan. 17, 1994 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Catharine MacKinnon, feminist legal scholar and antiporn activist, says she was raped by a book review
		His Nov. 15 review of MacKinnon's work in the left-leaning weekly the Nation set off a war of words that is reaching new heights of animosity.
		Further vengeful hints have come from MacKinnon's companion Jeffrey Masson, the critic of Freudian orthodoxy whose libel suit last year against New Yorker writer Janet Malcolm hinged in its own way on the importance of maintaining distinctions between what actually happens and what is merely imagined.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,979960,00.html (770 words)

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