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Topic: Cathepsin C

    Note: these results are not from the primary (high quality) database.

Cathepsin D Cathepsin D is functional in a wide variety of tissues during their remodeling or regression, and in apoptosis. The significance of procathepsin D and cathepsin D levels in various other tumors such as endometrial adenocarcinoma, colon carcinoma, laryngeal tumors, carcinoma of thyroid tissue, prostate tumors and ovarian cancer has also been demonstrated, suggesting that this system might be involved in the metastatic growth of several other cancer cell types. It has been recommended that levels of cathepsin D be monitored as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer and used independent of classical prognostic parameters such as tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node status and steroid receptor expression. www.louisville.edu /~v0vetv01/Cathepsin.html

Cathepsin A Is Expressed in a Cell- and Region-specific Manner in the Testis and Epididymis and Is Not Regulated by Testicular or Pituitary Factors -- Luedtke et al. 48 (8): 1131 -- Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry Cathepsin A Is Expressed in a Cell- and Region-specific Manner in the Testis and Epididymis and Is Not Regulated by Testicular or Pituitary Factors -- Luedtke et al. Cathepsin A Is Expressed in a Cell- and Region-specific Manner in the Testis and Epididymis and Is Not Regulated by Testicular or Pituitary Factors Schematic representation of the staining pattern for cathepsin A in the proximal (P) and distal (D) regions of the initial segment (IS), intermediate zone (IZ), caput (Cap), corpus (Cor), and cauda (Cau) regions of the normal adult epididymis. www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/48/8/1131

Crystal structure of MHC class II-associated p41 Ii fragment bound to cathepsin L reveals the structural basis for differentiation between cathepsins L and S -- Guncar et al. 18 (4): 793 -- The EMBO Journal Cathepsin L is shown in blue (heavy chain, dark blue; light chain, light blue) and the p41 fragment in yellow. The underlying cathepsin L structure with its catalytic Cys25 marked is shown in blue, the p41 fragment in black, and cathepsins B and S in green and magenta, respectively. Comparison of the p41 fragment, in complex with cathepsin L, with stefin B. Superposition of the p41 fragment and stefin B is based on the three-dimensional alignment of papain and cathepsin L structures in the complexes of papain-stefin B (Stubbs et al., 1990 embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/18/4/793

Cystatin A expression reduces bile salt-induced apoptosis in a rat hepatoma cell line -- Jones et al. 275 (4): 723 -- AJP - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Cathepsin B activity is reduced in transfected cells expressing cystatin A. Cells were cultured for 48 h without transfection (control) or after transfection with the empty vector (vector) or with the plasmid containing the encoding cDNA for cystatin A (Cys A). Cathepsin B activity was measured using digitized fluorescence microscopy and the fluorogenic substrate Z-Val-Leu-Lys-CMAC in untreated cells and cells treated with 50 µM GCDC for 2 h. Cathepsin B, a cysteine protease implicated in metastatic progression, is also expressed during regression of the rat prostate and mammary glands. ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/4/G723

Trafficking of lysosomal cathepsin B--green fluorescent protein to the surface of thyroid epithelial cells involves the endosomal/lysosomal compartment -- Linke et al. 115 (24): 4877 -- Journal of Cell Science Cathepsin B was recognized within vesicles resembling endosomes or lysosomes (arrows) or in association with the plasma membrane (arrowheads) of rat thyroid epithelial cells in situ (A) and in vitro (B,C). The cathepsin B portion of the chimeric protein consists of the signal peptide (S, light grey), the propeptide (pro, dark grey) and the light (LC, blue) and heavy chains (HC, blue) of the protease, which are covalently linked to EGFP (green) by a spacer peptide (pink). The occurrence of mature cathepsin B at the surface of thyroid epithelial cells might be explained by extracellular processing of secreted procathepsin B (light green) to the mature enzyme (dark green, left portion, crossed arrows). jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/115/24/4877

Impaired Cathepsin L Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes -- Huang et al. 52 (9): 2411 -- Diabetes Cathepsin L mRNA was analyzed using a relative quantitative RT-PCR method and expressed relative to cyclophilin. Basal cathepsin L mRNA expression tended to be lower in the diabetic (0.22 relative units, 95% CI 0.04–0.42, n = 12) and nondiabetic twins (0.40 relative units, 0.12–0.67, n = 12) than in the control subjects (0.67 relative units, 0.24–1.1, n = 12). cathepsin L mRNA levels in skeletal muscle biopsies from 12 diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/9/2411

Normal Neutrophil Function in Cathepsin G-Deficient Mice -- MacIvor et al. 94 (12): 4282 -- Blood Cathepsin G is a neutral serine protease that is highly expressed at the promyelocyte stage of myeloid development. The activity of cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase was determined by the ability of total bone marrow protein extracts to cleave colorometric peptide substrates in vitro, as described in Materials and Methods. Cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase activities in cathepsin G-deficient mice. www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/94/12/4282

Cathepsin Cathepsins are usually characterised as members of the lysosomal cysteine protease (active site) family and the cathepsin family name has been synonymous with lysosomal proteolytic enzymes. Cathepsin C is the noted exception, existing as an oligomeric enzyme with a MW -200kDa. Elevated cathepsin enzyme activity in serum or the extracellular matrix often signifies a number of gross pathological conditions. www.metachem.co.uk /Cathepsin.htm

Cathepsin K in thyroid epithelial cells: sequence, localization and possible function in extracellular proteolysis of thyroglobulin -- Tepel et al. 113 (24): 4487 -- Journal of Cell Science Cathepsin K in thyroid epithelial cells: sequence, localization and possible function in extracellular proteolysis of thyroglobulin -- Tepel et al. Cathepsin K in thyroid epithelial cells: sequence, localization and possible function in extracellular proteolysis of thyroglobulin Cathepsin K Is a Critical Protease in Synovial Fibroblast-Mediated Collagen Degradation jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/113/24/4487

Cysteine Proteases and Cell Differentiation: Excystment of the Ciliated Protist Sterkiella histriomuscorum -- Villalobo et al. 2 (6): 1234 -- Eukaryotic Cell Sequence alignment of cathepsin B sequences in the occluding-loop region. Substrate specificity of bovine cathepsin B and its inhibition by CA074, based on crystal structure refinement of the complex. Crystal structure of cathepsin B inhibited with CA030 at 2.0-A resolution: a basis for the design of specific epoxysuccinyl inhibitors. ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/2/6/1234

A Putative Role for Cathepsin K in Degradation of AA and AL Amyloidosis -- Röcken et al. 158 (3): 1029 -- American Journal of Pathology Cathepsin K was detected in 41 (77%) of 53 specimens from 22 (96%) Immunostaining for amyloid P component was not affected by cathepsin K pretreatment and it was predominantly confined to the margins of the deposits ( C and D). Cathepsin K was found in the cytoplasm of MGCs as well as within amyloid deposits ( asterisks). ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/158/3/1029

Comparative Localization of Cathepsin B Protein and Activity in Colorectal Cancer -- Hazen et al. 48 (10): 1421 -- Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry Cathepsin B activity was present in all specimens ( Fig 1a). Werle B, Julke B, Lah T, Spiess E, Ebert W (1997) Cathepsin B fraction active at physiological pH of 7.5 is of prognostic significance in squamous cell carcinoma of human lung. Stroma contained protein of cathepsin B in a homogeneous pattern, whereas activity was confined to specific areas (arrows). www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/48/10/1421

Hydroxynonenal inactivates cathepsin B by forming Michael adducts with active site residues -- Crabb et al. 11 (4): 831 -- Protein Science LC ESMS of tryptic peptides from HNE-modified cathepsin B. Purified bovine cathepsin B was modified with HNE and digested with trypsin, and LC ESMS was performed with a PE Sciex API 3000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer as described in Materials and Methods. The three-dimensional structure of cathepsin B. The structure of bovine spleen procathepsin B ( Yamamoto et al. Willenbrock, F. and Brocklehurst, K. Natural structural variation in enzymes as a tool in the study of mechanism exemplified by a comparison of the catalytic-site structure and characteristics of cathepsin B and papain. www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/11/4/831

Cystatin C Antagonizes Transforming Growth Factor {beta} Signaling in Normal and Cancer Cells -- Sokol and Schiemann 2 (3): 183 -- Molecular Cancer Research Cathepsins B, H, and L and their inhibitors stefin A and cystatin C in sera of melanoma patients. Cathepsin B/cystatin C complex levels in sera from patients with lung and colorectal cancer. of cathepsins from lysosomes to plasma membranes, or to the mcr.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/3/183

Cathepsin B Acts as a Dominant Execution Protease in Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Foghsgaard et al. 153 (5): 999 -- The Journal of Cell Biology Cathepsin B is a key mediator in TNF-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of tumor cells. TNF induces cathepsin B–independent activation of caspases and cathepsin B–dependent translocation of PS in ME-180as cells. Cathepsin B Acts as a Dominant Execution Protease in Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Foghsgaard et al. www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/153/5/999

Merriam-Webster Online Get the Top 10 Search Results for "cathepsin" www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=cathepsin

Welcome to the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Medicine and Engineering Neutrophil cathepsin G enhances prothrombinase and fibrin formation under flow by activating fibrinogen-adherent platelets. Neutrophil cathepsin G promotes prothrombinase and fibrin formation under flow by activating fibrinogen-adherent platelets. Adhesion of normal erythrocytes to activated neutrophils, activated platelets, and fibrin polymerized from plasma at depressed venous shear rates. www.uphs.upenn.edu /ime/publications.html

Entomology - Alexander S. Raikhel Cho, W.L., Tsao, S.M., Hays, A.R., Walter, R., Chen, J.S., Snigirevskaya, E.S., and Raikhel, A.S. Mosquito cathepsin B-like protease involved in embryonic degradation of vitellin is produced as a latent extraovarian precursor. RNAi-mediated knockdown of a GATA factor reveals a link to anautogeny in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. www.entomology.ucr.edu /people/raikhel2.html

Cancer Cell Biology 4. Sivaparvathi, M., Yamamoto, M., Nicolson, G.L., Gokaslan, Z.L., Fuller, G.N., Liotta, L.A., Sawaya, R. and Rao, J.S. Expression and immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin L during the progression of human gliomas. www.immed.org /illness/cancer_cell_biology_research.html

ICGEB Publications 2001 Turk, D., Janjic, V., Stern, I., Podobnik, M., Lamba, D., Dahl, S.W., Lauritzen, C., Pedersen, J., Turk, V., Turk, B. Structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase I (cathepsin C): Exclusion domain added to an endopeptidase framework creates the machine for activation of granular serine proteases. EMBO J. Tuteja, N., Beven, A.F., Shaw, P.J., Tuteja, R. A pea homologue of DNA helicase I is localized within the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus and stimulated by phosphorylation with CK2 and cdc2 protein kinases. www.icgeb.org /RESEARCH/PUBLICATIONS/publ2001.htm

Nanotechnology: Developing Molecular Manufacturing Shimizu, K., Cha, J., Stucky, G. D., Morse, D. “Silicatein ?: Cathepsin L-like protein in sponge biosilica” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. May 26; 95(11): 6234—6238. www.crnano.org /developing.htm

Alzheimer Disease Research Center - University of Pittsburgh Bhojak TJ, DeKosky ST, Ganguli M, Kamboh MI: Genetic polymorphism in the cathepsin G gene and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Boada M, Cejudo JC, Tarraga LI, Lopez OL, Kaufer DI: Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q): Spanish validation of the brief form of the neuropsychiatric inventory. www.adrc.pitt.edu /publications.html

GM98: Locus details ys11c08.s1 Homo sapiens cDNA clone 214478 3' similar to gb:X16832 CATHEPSIN H PRECURSOR (HUMAN);. yz75d06.s1 Homo sapiens cDNA clone 288875 3' similar to gb:X16832 CATHEPSIN H PRECURSOR (HUMAN);. za56g12.s1 Homo sapiens cDNA clone 296614 3' similar to gb:X16832 CATHEPSIN H PRECURSOR (HUMAN);. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /genemap/loc.cgi?ID=30103

Biological Chemistry - Abstract At pH 7.35, high molecular weight kininogen is slightly cleaved by cathepsin B into fragments of 60 kDa, and cathepsin B kininogenase activity is impaired. We investigated the influence of pH and divalent cations (Zn[2+], Mg[2+] and Ca[2+]) on high molecular weight kininogen processing by cathepsin B. At pH 6.3, high molecular weight kininogen is hydrolyzed by cathepsin B at three sites generating fragments of 80, 60 and 40 kDa. Our results suggest that high molecular weight kininogen is a substrate for cathepsin B under pathophysiological conditions. www.degruyter.de /journals/bc/abs/13764.html

Expression of the Elastolytic Cathepsins S and K in Human Atheroma and Regulation of their Production in Smooth Muscle Cells -- Sukhova et al. 102 (3): 576 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation Bromme, D.J. Buttle, L.J. Croucher, and A.P. Hollander (1998) Human cathepsin K cleaves native type I and II collagens at the N-terminal end of the triple helix. Bromme, L.N. Natkin, J.A. Villadangos, H.L. Ploegh, and H.A. Chapman (1996) Essential role for cathepsin S in MHC class II-associated invariant chain processing and peptide loading. stimulates cultured SMC to express and secrete active cathepsin S. Cell lysates and protein precipitated from culture media were electrophoresed and immunoblotted for cathepsin S (left). www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/102/3/576

Inhibition of Tumorigenicity and Metastasis of Human Melanoma Cells by Anti-Cathepsin L Single Chain Variable Fragment -- Rousselet et al. 64 (1): 146 -- Cancer Research Confocal analysis of anti-cathepsin L single chain variable fragment (ScFv) and endogenous cathepsin L subcellular localization. In contrast, tumors produced by the anti-cathepsin-L single chain variable fragment-transfected cells were significantly less vascularized. Inhibition of Tumorigenicity and Metastasis of Human Melanoma Cells by Anti-Cathepsin L Single Chain Variable Fragment -- Rousselet et al. cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/1/146

In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on the Degradation of Metallothionein The degradation of apo-MT by either lysosomal extract (Figure 5) or purified cathepsin B (Figure 6) decreased in a linear fashion as a function of increasing amounts of molar equivalents of Zn added to the reaction mix. By metal-titration study, we found that at least 5 moles of Zn equivalent/mole of MT dramatically reduced the degradation, by both lysosomal fraction and purified cathepsin B. This indicates that metal release might be a prerequisite for the initiation of degradation. Cathepsin B again turned out to be the most efficient in degrading MT, followed by cathepsins C and D. The amount of apo-MT degraded by cathepsins B, C, and D were 12,500 ± 1500, 350 ± 33, and 275 ± 15 pmole apo-MT degraded/U cathepsin/min, respectively. ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1994/Suppl-3/141-146klaassen/klaassen-full.html   (4324 words)

Expression of the Elastolytic Cathepsins S and K in Human Atheroma and Regulation of their Production in Smooth Muscle Cells -- Sukhova et al. 102 (3): 576 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation Both a 28-kD cathepsin S band and a 29-kD cathepsin K band, consistent with the sizes of the active enzymes, were visualized. Cathepsin K expression in human atheroma (generated by using an affinity-purified rabbit anti-human cathepsin K antibody). Expression of the Elastolytic Cathepsins S and K in Human Atheroma and Regulation of their Production in Smooth Muscle Cells www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/102/3/576   (5545 words)

Secreted Enzymes We have also characterised an asparaginyl endopeptidase (legumain), a newly emerging family of cysteine proteases with no structural homology to the papain-like enzymes (Maizels, Tetteh and Loukas, 1999b), and a cathepsin Z, a recently defined subgroup with characteristic insertions close to the active site residues (Falcone et al., 1999). One, a cathepsin L, is interesting because it has a substrate specificity more reminiscent of a cathepsin B, but its sequence outside the active site is much more related to the cathepsin L subgroup (Loukas, Selzer and Maizels, 1998). So far, none of these cysteine proteases have been found to be secreted by larvae, and no serine protease gene has been isolated. helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /icapb/maizels/organisms/toxocara/a_part4.html   (308 words)

United States Patent Application: 0020048746 Such inhibitors prevent the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (the formation of which have been induced, according to the model of the invention, by conditions that raise the amount and/or activity of cathepsin D and/or conditions that lower the amount or concentration of cholesterol in the brain tissue). For a first example, an effective concentration of cathepsin D to induce neurofibrillary tangles and/or tau fragmentation, etc. refers to an amount of cathepsin D or a level or enzymatic activity of cathepsin D that is sufficient to increase the level of neurofibrillary tangles, and/or tau fragmentation within a desired period of time. Neurofibrillary tangles are commonly found in cortical neurons, especially in the entorhinal cortex, as well as in other locations such as pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, the amygdala, the basal forebrain, and the raphe nuclei. appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20020048746".PGNR.&OS=DN/20020048746&RS=DN/20020048746   (308 words)

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