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	Famous Russian Women at Famous.Russian-Women.net
		Olga, Ruler Of Russia from 954 to 969
		Sofia Alexeevna, Ruler Of Russia from 1682 to 1689
		Elizabeth Petrovna, empress of Russia from 1741 to 1762
	famous.russian-women.net (127 words)

	Alexander Palace Time Machine - Catherine II
		Catherine ascended the throne as the most pious and Orthodox Empress, Catherine II, crowned on September 22, 1762 with tremendous pomp and ceremony at the heart of Russian culture and Orthodoxy in the ancient Moscow Kremlin.
		Catherine quickly began to make changes in government and society based on the convictions she had assimilated during her study of French philosophes of the Enlightenment and the authors of ancient Rome.
		The arts, music and education where patronized by her, and Catherine pumped millions of rubles into the creation of the Hermitage collection, which today is the delight of Russia and the world.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/catherine.html (0 words)

	History of St. Petersburg, Russia: Catherine the Great (short biography)
		The future Catherine the Great was born a German princess in one of the tiny German states, but turned out to be a powerful and enlightened ruler of the vast Russian Empire.
		Throughout her long reign many reforms were undertaken and the territory of Russia was further extended by acquiring the lands of Southern Ukraine and the Crimea.
		Catherine's love affairs with different officers and politicians were widely publicized, though much of what was published was not true.
	www.cityvision2000.com /history/catherine.htm (340 words)

	Catherine the Great - MSN Encarta
		Catherine the Great (1729-1796), empress of Russia (1762-1796), who expanded her vast country’s borders south to the Black Sea and west into Europe while continuing the Westernization begun by Peter the Great.
		Catherine II made her considerable mark in history by her extremely successful and expansive foreign policy as well as by her energetic and fruitful continuation of the process of Westernization in the footsteps of Peter the Great.
		Catherine II was succeeded by her son, Emperor Paul I, whom she had managed to keep away from the throne for decades.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559802/Catherine_the_Great.html (1981 words)

	Free Essay History of Catherine the Great of Russia
		Catherine the Great, who ruled as Empress of Russia from 1762-1796, is one of those catalyzing forces in history, which, through hard experience, unbounded intelligence, and overwhelming practicality, changed the face of a country against overwhelming odds.
		Catherine herself knew how fragile her position really was, and at the moment she left the sheltered world of a civilized court and stepped into Russia as it was: ignorant, superstitious, disorganized, unruly, often diseases and to a European appallingly backward.
		Catherine began to turn Russia into a modern society bringing in new technologies from England while increasing the population of workers through advertisements that she sent to the rest of the world.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=31778 (892 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Catherine I of Russia
		Portrait by Ivan Nikitin Anna Petrovna, Tsesarevna of Russia (27 January 1708, Moscow â€“ 4 March 1728) was the eldest daughter of Emperor Peter I of Russia and Catherine I of Russia.
		Catherine was the first woman to rule Imperial Russia opening the legal path for a century almost entirely dominated by women including her daughter Elizabeth, and Catherine the Great, all of whom continued the policies of Peter the Great in modernizing Russia.
		Catherine II made her considerable mark in history by her extremely successful and expansive foreign policy as well as by her energetic and fruitful continuation of the process of Westernization in the footsteps of Peter the Great.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Catherine-I-of-Russia (3175 words)

	Catherine II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Some have questioned the sincerity of Catherine’s “enlightened” outlook, and there is no doubt that she became more conservative as a result of the peasant rising (1773–74) under Pugachev.
		Catherine’s first war with the Ottoman Empire (1768–74; see Russo-Turkish Wars) ended with the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji, which made Russia the dominant power in the Middle East.
		Catherine and her advisers, particularly Potemkin, developed a program known as the Greek Project, which aimed at a partition of the Ottoman Empire’s European holdings among Russia, Austria, and other countries.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/Cathrin2.html (788 words)

	Catherine II of Russia - Glasgledius (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ekaterina (or Yekaterina) II of Russia (April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), also known as Catherine the Great, was empress of Russia from 28 June 1762 to her death in 1796.
		Catherine reorganized the provincial administration, allowing the government to have greater control over rural areas because of the peasant revolt.
		Russia gained the largest part of Poland when it was partitioned between Russia, Austria and Prussia.
	www.glasglow.com /E2/ca/Catherine_II_of_Russia.html (799 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Catherine Ii Of Russia
		Catherines foreign minister, Nikita Ivanovich Panin, exercised considerable influence from the beginning of her reign.
		From 1788 to 1790 Russia was engaged in a Gustav IIIs Russian War, led by Catherines cousin, the Swedish King Gustav III of Sweden.
		Catherine took a leading role in the Partition of Poland, taking advantage of that countrys decentralized and impotent government to divide its territory with Prussia and Austria.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Abante2533/catherine-ii-of-russia-foreign-affairs.html (491 words)

	Catherine the Great (Catherine II) in the history of St. Petersburg, Russia
		The future Catherine the Great was born a German princess in one of many tiny German states, but ended her life a powerful and enlightened ruler of the vast Russian Empire.
		Catherine had a string of sensationalized and widely publicized love affairs with various army officers and politicians, although much of what was reported was untrue.
		Catherine the Great, being the foreign element in the Romanov dynasty, wanted to establish strong links with earlier Russian history and the Romanov Tsars and with this in mind she commissioned an impressive monument to Peter the Great - the Bronze Horseman.
	www.saint-petersburg.com /history/catherine2nd.asp (389 words)

	History & Culture of Russia / The Romanovs
		Russia's influence in European affairs, as well as its territory in Eastern and Central Europe, were increased and expanded.
		Although Catherine did in fact have many lovers, some of them trusted advisors and confidants, stories alleging her to have had an excessive sexual appetite are unfounded.
		When Catherine the Great died in 1796, she was succeeded by her son Paul I. Catherine never really liked Paul, and her feelings were reciprocated by her son.
	www.geographia.com /russia/rushis04.htm (1381 words)

	The "Grand City" of St. Petersburg, Russia during Catherine the Great
		Catherine the Great assumed power in 1762 after a coup d' etat, which she engineered together with the officers of the Royal Guard.
		Catherine started a royal art collection which later developed into the world-famous Hermitage which required the construction of several additional buildings (the Small Hermitage and the Old Hermitage) along the Neva embankment to house the growing number of exhibits.
		Catherine commissioned the building of the Hermitage Theater and ensured the area surrounding the palace was adorned with the finest houses and the only the most elegant architecture.
	www.saint-petersburg.com /history/grandcity.asp (395 words)

	Catherine the Great - Empress of Russia
		Catherine became more and more disgusted with Peter, declaring that all he did was play with toy soldiers and lustfully look at other women.
		Meanwhile, Elizabeth was angry because nine months after the wedding Catherine still showed no signs of pregnancy and she realized that the marriage had not yet been consummated.
		Catherine felt that Peter was ill equipped to govern Russia and in 1762 she overthrew him with support from the Imperial Guard and her new lover, Gregory Orlov.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b2catherinegreat.htm (881 words)

	The NDSU Libraries: Germans From Russia
		Catherine was a German princess who was given in marriage to peter III, the homely grandson of Peter the Great.
		Catherine was clever and adventurous and had fallen (instead of with her husband) deeply in love with her new homeland.
		Censorship was imposed throughout Russia, and Catherine attempted to slam shut the window to the West less than a century after Peter had opened it.
	www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu /grhc/history_culture/history/catherine.html (930 words)

	Catherine the Great - Page 7
		Catherine took 5 rubles from her purse and sent a clerk to the Academy of Sciences to buy the latest map of Russia.
		She decided to concentrate on increasing Russia's wealth, and as Russia was primarily agricultural, she began with the land.
		Catherine founded factories for textiles outside the Moscow region, for linen in the area of Yaroslov and for leather and candles in the central Volga region.
	members.tripod.com /~Nevermore/CGREAT7.HTM (2313 words)

	Women in Alaska's History - Catherine the II of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Empress Catherine the II of Russia, also known as Catherine "the great" was born Princess Sophia August Frederika on May 2, 1729 in the Baltic seaport town of Stettin.
		She originally came to Russia at the invitation of Empress Elizaveta (Elizabeth) to become the wife of the heir to the throne, Peter Feodorovich.
		Catherine died from a heart attack on November 6, 1796 in St. Petersburg, and was buried in the Cathedral of the St. Peter and St. Paul Fortress.
	library.thinkquest.org /11313/Early_History/Russians/CatherineII.html (1017 words)

	Russia Engages the World companion volume
		Russia Engages the World, 1453-1825, an elegant new book created by a team of leading historians in collaboration with The New York Public Library, traces Russia's development from an insular, medieval, liturgical realm centered on Old Muscovy into a modern, secular, world power embodied in cosmopolitan St. Petersburg.
		From the reign of Peter to that of Catherine the Great, Russia sought increasing involvement in the scientific advancements and cultural trends of Europe.
		The essays in the volume are enhanced by images of rare Russian books, illuminated manuscripts, maps, engravings, watercolors, and woodcuts from the 15th to the 19th centuries, as well as the treasures of diverse minority cultures living in the territories of the Empire or acquired by Russian voyagers.
	www.thelibraryshop.org /russiaengages.html (366 words)

	Russian Catherine II, Catherine II the Great or Russia, Catherine II of Russia, Catherine II de Russie, Catherine the ...
		Imperial Expansion and Maturation: Catherine II Catherine II's reign was notable for imperial expansion, which brought the empire huge new territories in the south and west, and for internal consolidation.
		Russia's westward expansion under Catherine was the result of the partitioning of Poland.
		Catherine's push to the south, including the establishment of Odessa as a Russian port on the Black Sea, provided the basis for Russia's nineteenth-century grain trade.
	www.russiansabroad.com /russian_history_32.html (1194 words)

	RNG - Travel to Russia. Russian visas, tours, cruises and excursions.
		Considered the cultural heart of modern day Russia, St. Petersburg is rapidly regaining its reputation as one of the Great Cities of Europe.
		Experience 1,000 years of history, from ancient forests of pine and birch, picturesque Russian villages and onion-domed churches, to modern cities built along the shores.
		Welcome to the fabulous world of Russia, full of cultural and historic treasures, beautiful and unspoiled nature.
	www.russia-travel.com (0 words)

	Catherine the Great
		Catherine made over 700 pages of notes from Blackstone and wrote various drafts at different times of the changes in the constitutional structure she proposed to introduce.
		Lower down the social scale, there was considerable opposition to Catherine's secularization of Church lands, to the widespread closure of monasteries and convents, and the concentration of monks and nuns in a smaller number of larger establishments.
		What remains true however is that Catherine was the first ruler of Russia to conceive of drawing up legislation setting out the corporate rights of the nobles and the townspeople, and the civil rights of the free population of the country.
	www.stetson.edu /~psteeves/classes/catherinedemadiriaga.html (1101 words)

	How Voltaire praised the 'enlightened despot' Catherine the Great \| Russia \| Guardian Unlimited
		They are the heartfelt correspondence from the great acerbic wit of the European Enlightenment to the last Russian empress, in which he praises her authoritarian style and mocks the extravagances of her French counterparts.
		Catherine, who ruled Russia for three decades until her death in 1796, viewed herself a patron of the arts and liberty, and a "philosopher on the throne", but has been criticised for the little she did for the millions of peasants in her empire.
		Catherine II the Great was born Sophie Augusta Fredericka in 1729, a German princess who was sent to Russia in a diplomatic Prussian intrigue and grew more popular than the man she married, the Grand Duke Peter - later Peter III.
	www.guardian.co.uk /russia/article/0,,1788534,00.html?gusrc=rss (659 words)

	catherine ii of russia - infos
		Empress Catherine II "the Great" She had been born Princess Sophia August Frederika on May 2, 1729 in the Baltic seaport town of Stettin, then a part of German Pomerania.
		Catherine II (l762-1796), a German princess who became Empress of Russia after disposing of her ineffectual husband...
		Catherine II of Russia (1729-1796), also known as Catherine the Great, was empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796...
	www.angelfire.com /alt2/ang2/11/catherine-ii-of-russia.html (373 words)

	Catherine I of Russia - Glasgledius (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Catherine I of Russia was born in Jakobstadt, Latvia (April 15, 1683 or 1684-May 17, 1727)
		Originally she was given the birthname of Martha Skavronskaya and was the daughter of Samuil Skawronski, a Lithuanian peasant.
		She married Peter in February of 1712 and bore him 12 children, all of whom died in childhood except for Anna and Elizabeth (later Elizabeth I, empress of Russia from 1741-1762).
	www.glasglow.com /E2/ca/Catherine_I_of_Russia.html (233 words)

	Coins & Medals of Imperial Russia: Catherine II
		Catherine was the wife of Czar Peter III, who was forced to hand over the throne to her.
		Catherine, a German princess from the small principality of Anhalt-Zerbst, was one of Russia’s greatest rulers.
		Catherine had inherited Shuvalov’s plan to double the face value of the existing copper coinage and to reduce the fineness of the silver coinage.
	www.library.yale.edu /slavic/coins/html/catherine2.html (291 words)

	Catherine I of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Catherine I of Russia (In Russian :Екатерина IАлексеевна) was born in Jakobstadt (Jekabpils), Latvia (April15, 1683 or 1684 - May 17, 1727)
		Originally she was given the birthname of Martha Skavronskaya and was the daughter of Samuil Skavronski, a Lithuanian peasant.
		Peter died in 1725 without naming a successor, encouraging the guards regiments to proclaim her as the ruler of Russia, givingher the title of Empress.
	www.therfcc.org /catherine-i-of-russia-92987.html (251 words)

	Romanov Dynasty
		Catherine also helped spread the institution of serfdom by giving away large tracts of land and the people on the land as gifts and rewards thus increasing the number of serfs and the places where serfdom was common.
		Catherine helped expand Russia through two Russo-Turkish wars, one in 1768-1774 and one from 1787-1792, through the addition of Ukraine from 1781-1786 and by gaining portions of Poland through paritions of Poland.
		Catherine died in 1796 and was seceded by her son Paul I who ruled from 1796-1801.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/history/russia/romanov.html (3163 words)

	Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage and History
		Catherine the Great (1729-96) became Empress of Russia in 1762, after deposing her husband Peter III.
		The rightful new tsar was Catherine's son Paul, but she declared herself empress and ruled in his place.
		When Catherine travelled through Russia in 1787 to see how her subjects lived, the streets of the towns were lined with healthy, well-dressed actors.
	www.camelotintl.com /world/02jcatherine_the_great.html (379 words)

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