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	Catherine de' Medici - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Born in Florence, Italy, she was a daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and a French princess, Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne.
		Catherine was zealous in the interests of her children, especially those of her favourite third son, the duke of Anjou.
		Catherine, thinking her influence menaced, sought to regain it, first by the murder of Coligny and after that failed, by initiating in Paris what became a wholesale slaughter of Protestants by Catholics, thereafter known as the St.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catherine_de_Medici (1508 words)

	St. Bartholomew's Day massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Catherine de Medici had hoped that the marriage alliances of her children would support her move for peace, including the proposed marriage of her son, François, Duke of Anjou and Elizabeth I of England.
		Ostensibly to quell the rancour between the Protestants and the Catholics (the House of Bourbon and the House of Guise), the Queen-Mother, Catherine de Medici, arranged for Henry of Navarre, Duke of Bourbon, the patron of the Huguenots, to marry her daughter Marguerite.
		Catherine therefore planned the massacre of many of the Huguenots while they were in town for the wedding, but she had a hard time convincing her son, Charles IX of France, to go along, since he had developed a friendly relationship with Admiral de Coligny.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/St._Bartholomew's_Day_Massacre (1729 words)

	Catherine De Medici
		Catherine de Medici seemed to have got herself into a position by 1570 that whatever she did was greeted with suspicion by the fighting factions and that a compromise towards one side would provoke the other and vice versa.
		Catherine was furious at her loss of influence over her own son and it was made worse when Charles, persuaded by Coligny, sent an army to aid the anti-Spanish Louis of Nassau in the Spanish Netherlands.
		Catherine decided on a massacre of all Huguenot leaders and she persuaded her son that they, the Huguenots, were planning a general takeover of France and that they had abused their friendship of the king.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /catherine_de_medici.htm (1865 words)

	Catherine de Medici - Section II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Catherine herself, judging by all the preparations she beheld, began to suspect that her marriage was in question, and her uncle then revealed to her the fact that the first ambitious project of his house had aborted, and that the hand of the dauphin had been refused to her.
		Catherine took her seat upon it, wearing a surcoat, or species of ermine short-cloak covered with precious stones, a bodice beneath it with the royal mantle, and on her head a crown enriched with pearls and diamonds, and held in place by the Marechale de la Mark, her lady of honor.
		Catherine now began her political career by a drama which, though it did not have the dreadful fame of those of later years, was, nevertheless, most horrible; and it must, undoubtedly, have accustomed her to the terrible after emotions of her life.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/lit/debalzac/CatherinedeMedici/chap3.html (6322 words)

	Catherine de Medici
		Catherine de Medici was born Caterina de' Medici in Florence, Italy to Lorenzo II de' Medici and his wife, a French princess, Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne on April 13, 1519.
		In 1533, at the age of 14, Catherine was betrothed to the Duc d'Orleans, Henri, and married at Marseilles, France.
		The de' Medicis were a line of dukes and popes and were great sponsors of art, literature, and science, becoming symbols of the Renaissance.
	royalwomen.tripod.com /id11.html (1077 words)

	Who was Catherine de Medici?
		Catherine de Medici was a lonely Italian princess in the French court.
		Catherine de Medici (1519-1589), born into one of wealthiest and infamous of families, might well have originated the phrase 'poor little rich girl'.
		Catherine's husband, who would eventually ascend to the throne, already had a well-established relationship with his mistress, Diane de Poitiers, a woman 20 years older than the prince, and who would stay faithful to him until his death.
	vt.essortment.com /whocatherinede_rggi.htm (606 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Catherine De' Medici
		Catherine was obliged to allow the Guises to quell the conspiracy of Amboise, March, 1560, and for a few months to exercise a sort of Catholic dictatorship.
		The Bayonne interview between Catherine and the Duke of Alba (June, 1565) caused a renewal of trouble; the Protestants spread the rumour that the queen mother had conspired against them with the King of Spain, and a serious resort to arms was under way.
		Catherine, ever ambitious, laid claim to the crown of Portugal for a member of her family, and dreamed in vain of giving the crown of France to her daughter's son, the Marquis de Pont a Mousson; but the matter rested between the Guises and the Bourbons.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03443a.htm (1490 words)

	Catherine de Medici
		Catherine de Medici, Queen of France, the wife of one French king and the mother of three, was born at Florence in 1519.
		Having lost both her parents at an early age, Catherine was sent to a convent to be educated; and she was only fourteen when she was married (1533) at Marseilles to the Duke of Orleans, afterwards Henri II.
		After the death of Charles in 1574, and the succession of Anjou under the name of Henri III, Catherine pursued her old policy of compromise and concessions; but as her influence is lost in that of her son, it is unnecessary to dwell upon it.
	www.nndb.com /people/100/000091824 (1016 words)

	Catherine d'Medici
		Catherine de' Medici was born to the Medici family of Florence in 1519.
		After young Catherine was taken hostage she was placed in various convents in and around the city.
		In 1559, Catherine's husband died in a tournament accident and her eldest son Francis II came to the throne.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/cathymedici.html (1769 words)

	Catherine de' Medici by Honore de Balzac : Arthur's Classic Novels
		Marie de' Medici wasted the wealth amassed by Henri IV.; she never purged herself of the charge of having known of the king's assassination; her 'intimate' was d'Epernon, who did not ward off Ravaillac's blow, and who was proved to have known the murderer personally for a long time.
		Catherine took her seat upon it, wearing a surcoat, or species of ermine short- cloak covered with precious stones, a bodice beneath it with the royal mantle, and on her head a crown enriched with pearls and diamonds, and held in place by the Marechale de la Mark, her lady of honor.
		The aide-de-camp of Calvin and Theodore de Beze contrasted admirably with the son of the furrier.
	arthursclassicnovels.com /arthurs/balzac/ctdmd10.html (17842 words)

	Catherine de Medici
		Catherine de Medici was born in Florence, Italy, on April 13, 1519.
		She was appointed regent in 1552 in the absense of Henry, who was at the seige of Metz, and got to experience a bit of what it was like to rule a country.
		Catherine died in Blois, France, on January 5, 1589, having accomplished much, including the creation of chateaus that she had designed and built in her spare time.
	www.angelfire.com /anime2/100import/medici.html (472 words)

	Tallyrand's Culinary Fare - History : Catherdine Medicis
		When Catherine arrived from Florence to marry Henry II of France in 1533, she imported the Italian balletto to her new home in France, where it became the ballet.
		The Palace of the Tuileries was begun in 1564 for Catherine de Medicis by the architect Philibert DELORME; it was occupied only intermittently by French royalty until Louis XVI and his family were compelled to reside there during the French Revolution.
		Medici (family) {med'-i-chee} : The Medici, the most famous of Italian dynasties, governed FLORENCE under a veiled despotism from 1434 to 1494 and from 1512 to 1527 and as overt hereditary rulers from 1530 to 1737.
	www.geocities.com /NapaValley/6454/medicis.html (1685 words)

	CATHERINE DE' MEDICI - LoveToKnow Article on CATHERINE DE' MEDICI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Having lost both her parents at an early age, Catherine was sent to a convent to be educated; and she was only fourteen when she was married (5533) at Marseilles to the duke of Orleans, afterwards Henry II.
		Catherine, thinking her influence menaced, sought to regain it, first by the murder of Coligny, and, when that had failed, by the massacre of St Bartholomew (qv.).
		Catherines policy provoked a crowd of pamphlets,, the most celebrated being the Discours merveilleux de la vie, actions et diportemens de la reine Catherine de Mdcis, in which Henri Estienne undoubtedly collaborated.
	www.1911ency.org /C/CA/CATHERINE_DE_MEDICI.htm (1001 words)

	Renaissance Women
		Catherine de Medici was born in Florence, Italy, 1519.
		Catherine de Medici was a major force in French politics, especially during the thirty years of the Roman Catholic-Huguenot wars.
		Catherine had a great interest in architecture and she demonstrated this with her authority over the building of the new wing of the Louvre Museum, the construction of the Tuilleries Gardens, and the building of the Chateau Monceau.
	yesnet.yk.ca /schools/projects/renaissance/main/renaissancewomen.html (715 words)

	caterina de medici
		[...] As necessity is the mother of invention, Catherine de Medici is the mother of the modern high-heeled shoe.
		The main experiment in Ballet came from the court of France when Catherine de Medici (1519-1589) along with Henry II (r.1547-1559) brought a dance master in from Italy by the name of Baitazarini.
		Only after the death of Henry was she able to get rid of the intruding presence of Diana, as well as to affirm her abilities as a strong ruler and wise politicianâ”even in the midst of the turbulent and bloody events that took place in the years that followed.
	www.annamariavolpi.com /caterina_de_medici.html (904 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History Biographies : The Medici Queens
		In 1533, when she was only fourteen years old, Catherine de Medici married the future King Henry II of France.
		Catherine was the daughter of the Italian Duke of Urbino, Lorenzo de Medici.
		When he was assassinated in 1610 Marie de Medici assumed the duties of regent for her son, Louis XIII.
	www.saburchill.com /history/biblio/020.html (452 words)

	Amazon.com: Catherine de Medici: Books: Leonie Frieda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1533, 14-year-old Catherine de Medici arrived in France to marry the future king Henri II; over the next 16 years, she endured the dominance of Henri's mistress, Diane de Poitiers, and the disdain of courtiers for her family's merchant background.
		One of the most (in)famous royal players of the time was Queen Catherine de Medici of France, the Italian-born consort of the exciting and effective Henry II and the power behind the throne for her three weak king sons.
		Catherine followed the more traditional methods of the day to build, retain, and keep her power; Elizabeth, choosing to flout tradition, was forced into some of the same machinations Catherine used, even though she never married.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/184212725X?v=glance (2147 words)

	Amazon.com: Catherine de'Medici (Profiles in Power): Books: R.J. Knecht (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Catherine de' Medici (1519-89) was the wife of one king of France and the mother of three more - the last, sorry representatives of the Valois, who had ruled France since 1328.
		Catherine, a neglected and insignificant member of the Florentine Medici, entered French history in 1533 when she married the son of Francis I for short-lived political reasons: her uncle was pope Clement VII, who died the following year.
		Catherine herself, from her mother's side.Catherine was indeed countess of Auvergne, countess of Boulogne, countess of Clermont, and Baroness of de la Tour.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0582082412?v=glance (1776 words)

	Catherine de' Medici on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		CATHERINE DE' MEDICI [Catherine de' Medici], 1519-89, queen of France, daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, duke of Urbino.
		Concerned primarily with preserving the power of the king in the religious conflicts of the time, with the aid of her chancellor Michel de L'Hôpital, she at first adopted a conciliatory policy toward the Huguenots, or French Protestants.
		After the defeat of royal troops by the Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, Catherine agreed (1570) to the peace of St. Germain.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Cathrin-deM1.asp (647 words)

	Catherine de Medici : Renaissance Queen of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Orphaned in infancy, imprisoned in childhood, heiress to an ancient name and vast fortune, Catherine de Medici was brought up in Florence, a city dominated by her ruling family.
		Despite their weaknesses, Catherine's indomitable fight to protect the throne and their birthright ensured the survival of the French monarchy for a further two hundred years after her death, until it was swept away by the French Revolution.
		The first biography of Catherine in decades, it reveals her to be one of the most influential women ever to wear a crown.
	r.evie.ws /item/6541 (576 words)

	Catherine de Medicis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Catherine de Médicis (1519-89), queen of France (1547-59) and mother of the last three Valois kings of France.
		Catherine was born on April 13, 1519, in Florence, Italy, the daughter of the Florentine ruler Lorenzo de' Medici, called Lorenzo the Magnificent.
		Political Role In her determination to preserve royal power at any cost, Catherine devoted her energies to maintaining a balance between the Protestant group known as the Huguenots, led by the French military leader Gaspard de Coligny, and the Roman Catholics, led by the powerful house of Guise.
	www.distinguishedwomen.com /biographies/medici-c.html (435 words)

	Dancer History Archives by StreetSwing.com - Catherine De Medici - Main Page
		-- Catherine de Medici was born in Florence Italy in 1519 to Italian parents Lorenzo de Medici (Duke of Urbina) and Madeleine de la Tour d' Auvergne who died shortly after her birth by the Florentine rebellion.
		Later she was moved to France and marriage arrangements were made (France Objected) for her to wed the 2nd son of King Francis "Henry of Orleans" (Duc d'Orleans-later King Henry II - ruled 1547-1559) in 1533.
		King Henry's love was not for Catherine however, his mistress "Diane de Piotiers" would be a thorn in Catherine's side for many years until Henry's death in 1547.
	www.streetswing.com /histmai2/d2demed1.htm (263 words)

	Reviewer's Bookwatch: Catherine de Medici
		Caterina Maria Romula de Medici was called all of these things but she was a most powerful and influential woman, Queen of France for eleven years, and Queen Mother, regent and de facto ruler for thirty more.
		Leonie Frieda sets out to show that such judgments were mistaken and bigoted and that Catherine de Medici was, in fact, a remarkably courageous and pragmatic woman whose sole purpose in life was to ensure "the survival of her children, her dynasty and France".
		Catherine may have been a duchess without a duchy, but she did have significant wealth and property.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0RGU/is_2005_May/ai_n13760829 (348 words)

	Catherine de Medici - History Forum
		Catherine oversaw the reigns of various sons and the deaths of all but one of her children.
		She was mother-in-law to Mary Queen of Scots when she was Dauphine and dealt with the beginnings of religious upheaval in France.
		She really brings across Catherine's strong character and it taught me a lot about something that I had never really looked into in much detail.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=3840 (313 words)

	Who's Who in 16th century France
		Henri IV Henri IV (Henri de Navarre, Henri de Bourbon), 1553-1610, first Bourbon king of France, was the son of Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne d'Albret.
		His recognition of Henri de Navarre (later Henri IV) as heir presumptive was opposed by Henri, 3rd Duc de Guise, head of the Catholic League (the "War of the Three Henrys" resulted).
		Henri de Navarre came to his aid, but Henri III was assassinated in the siege by Jacques Clément, a fanatic monk.
	www.lepg.org /people.htm (1892 words)

	History Bookshop.com: Catherine De Medici (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Orphaned in infancy, she was the sole legitimate heiress to the Medici family fortune.
		Married at fourteen to the future Henri II of France, she was constantly humiliated by his influential mistress Diane de Poitiers.
		When her husband died as a result of a duelling accident in Paris - Leonie Frieda's magnificient, throat-grabbing opening chapter - Catherine was made queen regent during the short reign of her eldest son (married to Mary Queen of Scots and like many of her children he died young).
	www.historybookshop.com /book-template.asp?isbn=184212725X (449 words)

	Catherine de' Medici
		Catherine de' Medici - Medici, Catherine de': see Catherine de' Medici.
		Francis II, king of France - Francis II, 1544–60, king of France (1559–60), son of King Henry II and Catherine de'...
		Diane de Poitiers - Diane de Poitiers, 1499–1566, duchess of Valentinois, mistress of King Henry II of France.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0810862.html (464 words)

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