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Topic: Catherine of Habsburg

	Joan of Habsburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Joan of Habsburg (in Spanish, Juana), Infanta of Spain, of the Habsburg family, was the daughter of Emperor Charles V who was the first king of united Spain (officially King of Aragon and King of Castile), and his consort Infanta, Isabel of Portugal, daughter of King Manuel I of Portugal.
		She married her first cousin, Infante João de Portugal, who was the heir of Portugal, the sole surviving son of her paternal aunt Catherine of Habsburg and her maternal uncle King John III of Portugal.
		Their teenage marriage led to pregnancy (Joao was 15 years old when his wife conceived), and their only child Sebastian of Portugal was born posthumously in 1554 a couple of weeks after the teenager father Joao had perished of tuberculosis at the age of 16 years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joan_of_Habsburg (198 words)

	Free Essay Very Detailed Term Paper on the History of Religious Wars
		Catherine de Medici tried to promote peace by issuing the "Edict of Toleration" in January '62, which made the practice of Protestantism not a crime, although it restricted preaching to open fields outside the towns and to private estates of Huguenot nobles.
		Catherine began a two-year tour of the provinces with her son Charles the Ninth, in an effort to establish unity with the nobility.
		Admiral de Coligny, was welcomed into the king's council, Elizabeth of England entertained the prospects of marriage to one of King Charles' younger brothers, and Catherine negotiated with Jeanne d'Albert, Queen of Navarre, to marry her daughter Margot to Henri de Navarre, the ranking Huguenot prince of the blood.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=26438 (5050 words)

	Wars of Religion
		Catherine de' Medici tried to promote peace by issuing the "Edict of Toleration" in January '62, which made the practice of Protestantism not a crime, although it was restricted to preaching in open fields outside the towns and to the private estates of Huguenot (Protestant) nobles.
		Catherine de' Medici was forced to turn to the Guise faction to deal with this alarming development.
		Catherine began a two-year tour of the provinces with her son Charles IX, as part of an effort to establish a sense of unity with the nobility.
	www.lepg.org /wars.htm (3850 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		Married firstly in 1543 in Cracow Archduchess Elizabeth of Habsburg (*1526 Linz,†1545 Wilno/Vilnius).
		Married thirdly in 1553 in Cracow Archduchess Catherine of Habsburg (*1533 Vienna,†1572 Linz).
		Married in 1670 in Czestochowa Archduchess Eleanor of Habsburg (*1653 Vienna,†1697 Innsbruck).
	homepage.mac.com /crowns/lt/avtxt.html (1391 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 2004045364
		Catherine and her ladies shone in scarlet silk with gold-threaded lace, and behind them rode a dazzling procession of seventy brilliantly attired and bejeweled courtiers.
		Catherine had been told her bridegroom was handsome, but she had only had eyes for her cousin Ippolito and could not imagine admiring another.
		Catherine was now the owner of a fortune in jewels, including seven glorious pearls thought at the time to be the most beautiful in Christendom; a gold belt studded with rubies and diamonds; and a parure of diamonds and pearls.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/samples/simon052/2004045364.html (4274 words)

	Dynastic Relations of the Sovereign Houses of Habsburg and Jagiellon
		Elizabeth von Habsburg (known in Poland as Elzbieta Habsburgska and in Lithuania as Elzbieta Habsburgaite) was a perfect Polish Queen and Lithuanian Grand-Duchess.
		This marriage was intended to establish the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire as allies against the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
		The climax of Habsburg relations with Poland and Lithuania came in late 18th century, when during the reign of Emperor Joseph II and later his nephew, Emperor Franz II Southern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian state passed to the Holy Roman Empire (Northern – to Prussia and Eastern – to the Russian Empire).
	users.panola.com /AAGHS/ARTICLES/HABSBURG.html (1989 words)

	Royalty.nu - The Habsburgs
		The Habsburg Monarchy: From Enlightenment to Eclipse by Robin Okey.
		The Habsburg Monarchy 1490-1848: Attributes of Empire by Paula Sutter Fichtner.
		Examines relations between the Habsburg ruler of Hungary and his subjects from the crushing of the Hungarian Revolution of 1849 to World War I. The Pomp and Politics of Patriotism: Imperial Celebrations in Habsburg, Austria, 1848-1916 by Daniel L. Unowsky.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Austria/Habsburgs.html (1234 words)

	War and 18th Century Europe
		Frederick was happy to have France as an ally against Habsburg hostility, and in signing a defensive treaty with the French he promised to cast his vote for their friend, Charles Albert of Bavaria, rather than for Francis Stephen, for emperor.
		Catherine was facing a peasant uprising that had begun among Cossacks in the Ural River region, led by Emelian Pugachev.
		Catherine sent troops released from the war against the peasant revolt, Landlords, government officials and army officers eagerly supported Catherine, and Catherine's army easily defeated the uncoordinated rebel armies.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h31-gr.htm (9414 words)

	The Habsburg Achievement:Lessons for the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This family [the Habsburgs], from the unlucky day in 1273 when the College of Electors chose Rudolf of Hapsburg to be King of the Romans, on account of his mediocrity, till the abdication of Karl II [it was actually Karl I, but who's counting?) in 1918, produced no genius, only two rulers of ability...
		Catherine the Great lapped up tributes from Voltaire, Diderot and the French `Enlightenment' in general; the more domestic authors Catherine sent to Siberia, the more foreign authors praised her as a champion of tolerance and free thought.
		The Habsburgs' government was not what we in the 1990s increasingly understand government to be, a gaggle of largely moronic and otherwise generally unemployable puppets obediently appeasing pressure groups and opinion pollsters.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1252376/posts (5051 words)

	Encyclopedia: John III of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Catherine, Duchess of Braganza (1540 - 1614), was a claimant to the throne of Portugal following the death of King Henry I of Portugal in 1580.
		Catherine of Austria, of the Habsburg family, princess of Spain, born a daughter of Philip, Archduke, Lord of Flanders etc and Joanna of Castile, as such Archduchess of Austria, Infanta of Castile, Princess of Burgundy and Flanders, sister of King of Aragon and Roman Emperor, etc....
		With Spain, he made alliances through marriage (himself with Catherine Habsburg; Isabella, princess of Portugal with Charles V; Maria, princess of Portugal â“ his daughter â“ with Philip II of Spain, and others) that assured peace in the Iberian Peninsula for years.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/John-III-of-Portugal (9066 words)

	The Uskok “Problem” and Habsburg, Venetian, and Ottoman Relations at the Turn of the Seventeenth Century
		Catherine W. Bracewell agrees that the economic and social conditions of the Uskoks’ life at Zengg were an important factor in motivating them to continue their raids in the Adriatic Sea; however, Bracewell, in contrast to Longworth, believes that the Uskoks were sincere in their claims to be fighting for Christianity.
		The Habsburgs were at that moment involved in an open conflict with the Bohemian Estates and wanted at all costs to keep the frontier zone stable — if not totally peaceful, then at least in a neutral state.
		Their relocation after 1617 was an indication of the modernization and institutionalization of the Habsburg military system, combined with a process of territorialized relationships between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires and the Venetian Republic.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /journals/EH/EH42/Simon42.html (7972 words)

	Russia Engages the World - NYPL
		The influence of the Enlightenment was evident in her convening an elected assembly to codify the laws; creating over 10,000 elective offices; streamlining the administration; introducing a modern educational system for both sexes; and issuing charters that guaranteed the life and property of noblemen and prosperous urban dwellers.
		But many of Catherine’s “achievements” fell far short of her stated goals, and neither Catherine nor the philosophes attended to the needs of the masses, who remained indentured, illiterate, and impoverished throughout much of Europe.
		Catherine, along with her fellow monarchs in Prussia and the Habsburg lands, eagerly participated in the three partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795), with Russia absorbing the largest share.
	russia.nypl.org /level4.html (443 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Braganza
		Braganza (Port., Bragança), name of the former royal family of Portugal and Brazil, and of the ducal house from which the family was descended.
		Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705), daughter of John IV of Portugal and wife of Charles II of England.
		When Henry died, seven claimants disputed the succession to the throne.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Braganza.html (93 words)

	Habsburg dynasty -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		One of the earliest Habsburgs to rise to great power was Rudolf I, who became German king in 1273.
		Frederick IV, the Habsburg king of Germany, was crowned Holy Roman emperor as Frederick III in 1452, and Habsburgs continued to hold that title until 1806.
		The zenith of Habsburg power came in the 16th century under the emperor Charles V.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9366391?tocId=9366391 (840 words)

	Courtly Lives - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
		Catherine (1507-1578) married John III, King of Portugal (1502-1557).
		A forerunner of the Landsknecht unit fought in 1276 for Rudolph von Habsburg.
		V. Leopold III/Duke Leopold of Habsburg, ruled Austria, Tyrol, was Duke of Styria in 1351, and Carinthia.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/MaximilianI.html (1623 words)

	Encyclopedia [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		March 30 - Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury May 23 - King Henry VIII of England marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled.
		Catherine refuses to accept and continues to believe herself the wife of Henry till her death.
		He is the successor of Charles VII Albert of Bavaria, an enemy of Habsburg, who died on January 20 of th...
	www.wikimirror.com /encyclopedia (13771 words)

	Free ancient and medieval history of russian tsars catherine the great online...jesus christ gospels mongols crusades ...
		The daughter of, as a French ambassador called her father, a prince of "quite exceptional imbecility", Catherine the Great faced a number of obstacles on her road to the Russian throne.
		Before all this, at the age of four, she met Frederick William I of Prussia, and, being a right little snot, refused to kiss the hem of his cloak: "His coat is so short I cannot reach it!" she said.
		King Frederick responded, "The child is impertinent!" thus condemning Catherine to an evening of beatings administered by her power-hungry mother, Johanna.
	free-history-dictionary-books-hotels-health-maps.mithec.com /eng/catherine_the_great.html (3264 words)

	Francis I, King of France - Olga's Gallery
		He was the son of Charles, Count of Angouleme and nephew and son-in-law of Louis XII, whom he succeeded at a time when France's rivalry with the Austrian Habsburg dynasty was at its most intense.
		On the death of the Emperor Maximilian I in 1519 he became a candidate for Holy Roman Emperor, but lost the election to the Habsburg Charles I of Spain (the Emperor Charles V).
		It is possible that this little painting came to Florence as part of the dowry of Christine of Lorraine, the niece and heir of Catherine de’ Medici, wife of Henry II of France.
	www.abcgallery.com /bio/francis1.html (343 words)

	Best Article in Unterrichtspraxis for 1996
		For instance, Habsburg biographies are particularly interesting in terms of historical evidence-gathering because much official (but personal) material is still in family hands, or has been released in segments, under circumstances heavily involved with political issues that do not appear in the text at all.
		The syllabus for "The Habsburg Myth" was thus constructed to foster two different kinds of critical analysis: the discourses of history (how history is told) and historical analyses (how historical data is used in argumentation).
		The Habsburg Dynasty celebrated 700 years of European rule in 1982, with its main creation, the Habsburg Empire, lasting from 1526 to 1918; at times, it also ruled over Spain (from 1558-1700), the Netherlands, and large portions of Italy.
	web.utk.edu /~germslav/uphome/1996Prize.html (6747 words)

	Catholic World News : Beatification for Emperor Karl, Anne Emmerich
		Anne Catherine Emmerich (1774- 1824), a German mystic and stigmatist, has enjoyed a renewed popular appeal during the past year because her visions served as the basis for Mel Gibson's movie, The Passion of the Christ.
		As the last emperor of the Habsburg dynasty in Austria-Hungary, he worked tirelessly but unsuccessfully to bring the war to a rapid end.
		The soon to be beatified Ann Catherine Emmerich and Emperor Karl I of Austria are role models of Catholic sanctity and devotion to the traditions of the Church.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=29863 (914 words)

	Larry Wolff - Boston College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He studies and teaches the history of Poland and the Habsburg monarchy, and in 2002 he was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship for a research project on Habsburg Poland (Galicia).
		"The Fantasy of Catherine in the Fiction of the Enlightenment: From Baron Munchausen to the Marquis de Sade,"in Eros and Pornography in Russian Culture, edited by Marcus Levitt and Andrei Toporkov (Moscow: Ladomir, 1999) pp.
		"Habsburg Letters: The Disciplinary Dynamics of Epistolary Narrative in the Correspondence of Maria Theresa and Marie Antoinette," in Neverending Stories: Toward a Critical Narratology, edited by Ingeborg Hoesterey, Ann Fehn, andamp; Maria Tatar (Princeton University Press, 1992), pp.
	infoeagle.bc.edu /schools/cas/history/faculty/alphabetical/wolff_lawrence (1149 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 3917 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		She was the daughter of Friedrich I von Habsburg, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella de Aragón, Infanta de Aragón.
		Graf Johann von Goerz married Anna von Habsburg, daughter of Friedrich I von Habsburg, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella de Aragón, Infanta de Aragón, in 1336.
		She was the daughter of Leopold I Herzog von Österreich and Catherine de Savoie.
	www.thepeerage.com /p3917.htm (692 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Sigismund III of Sweden Vasa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Marriage (2): Constance of Austria Habsburg on 11 Dec 1605
		The son of John III of Sweden and Catherine, sister of Sigismund II of Poland, he united the Vasa and Jagiello dynasties.
		Sigismund married Anne of Austria Habsburg, daughter of Charles of Austria Habsburg and Maria Anna of Bavaria, on 31 May 1592.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/2754.htm (449 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		However, Catherine failed to bear him a male heir, and, seeing this as a judgement by God on the morality of marriage to his sister-in-law, and having fallen in love with Anne Boleyn, Henry sought a divorce.
		The half-sister of Edward VI and daughter of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Mary was a fervent Roman Catholic and was determined to return her country to Catholicism.
		The popular enthusiasm which greeted her succession was soon eroded, however, by her forcible re-introduction of Catholic practices, marriage to Philip II of Spain and persecution of Protestants.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/room1.asp (705 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Civil wars between Catherine's son Henry, Henry of Navarre, and Henry, duke of Guise.
		(H.R.E.) Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand accepted as king, but he was Catholic and many of his nobles were Calvinist.
		century countries are already starting to warry about dynastic monarchies like the Habsburgs in addition to religion, etc.: We get families that control the monarchies of one or more vast areas all vying for control over Europe via war, spying, marriage...
	www.cat.cc.md.us /~ltrauth/history/notes/religion.htm (551 words)

	SparkNotes: Henry VIII: Context
		In the early 1520s, Henry was a staunch opponent of Lutheranism as well as an opponent of French encroachments on Papal lands in Italy.
		In those years, he fought alongside the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Charles, the young Habsburg nephew of Catherine of Aragon, had inherited the crowns of Spain, Austria, and Burgundy along with his 1519 election to the imperial seat by the German princes and other magnates.
		After the English break with Rome had established its irreversible course, Henry switched his foreign policy once again near the end of his reign, invading France in 1544 after forming another alliance with Charles V, who was also occupied with fitful struggles against the Lutheran princes of his German domains.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/henryviii/context.html (819 words)

	Religious Wars and Monarchies
		From 1559-89 the queen mother Catherine de Medici was the most important figure in French politics
		Ferdinand was the Habsburg heir to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire
		The Catholic Habsburgs conquered parts of the Ottoman Empire - but there was a continual struggle with the Ottomans
	www.angelfire.com /tx/sandersonAP/NotesRWars.html (1239 words)

	There's something about boxes
		The year is 500 B.C. In ancient Greece, a lissome woman performs her beautifying rituals using cosmetics stored in round ceramic containers with domed lids.
		In Russia, a canny diplomat who proved especially helpful to Catherine the Great is leaving her opulent salon when she presents him with a jeweled snuffbox bearing her portrait.
		In America, convicted burglar Malcolm Little, who will come to be known as Malcolm X, passes time in prison crafting an inlaid wooden jewelry case for his sister.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/01/29/HO141419.DTL&type=printable (776 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 119
		He was the son of Carlo Emanuele I, Duca di Savoia and Catherine Micaela von Habsburg.
		She was the daughter of Henry Neville, 7th Lord Abergavenny and Catherine Vaux.
		He married Catherine Neville, daughter of Henry Neville, 7th Lord Abergavenny and Catherine Vaux.
	www.thepeerage.com /p119.htm (845 words)

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