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Topic: Catherine of Poland

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	Poland - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is to him that Poland owed the important acquisition of the greater part of Red Russia, or Galicia, which enabled her to secure her fair share of the northern and eastern trade.
		Poland, as the next neighbour of Hungary, was more seriously affected than any other European power by this catastrophe, but her politicians differed as to the best way of facing it.
		All the.more disquieting was the internal condition of the country, due mainly to the invasion of Poland by the Reformation, and the coincidence of this invasion with an internal revolution of a quasi-democratic character, which aimed at substituting the rule of the szlachta for the rule of the senate.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Poland (15871 words)

	Queen Catherine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Catherine of Lancaster (or Catalina de Lancaster) (1372 - 1418), queen consort of Castile and Leon (Spain): daughter of John of Gaunt; sister of Henry IV of England; wife of Henry III of Castile; mother of John II of Castile
		Catherine of Valois (1401 - 1437), queen consort of England: daughter of Charles VI of France; wife of Henry V of England and Owen Tudor; mother of Henry VI of England
		Catherine of Aragon (1485 - 1536), queen consort of England: daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile; 1st wife of Henry VIII of England; mother of Mary I of England
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Queen_Catherine (477 words)

	Catherine the Great - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Catherine II made her considerable mark in history by her extremely successful and expansive foreign policy as well as by her energetic and fruitful continuation of the process of Westernization in the footsteps of Peter the Great.
		Catherine also established a Medical Collegium in 1763, founded hospitals, led the way in the struggle against infectious diseases, and decreed that Russia be equipped to produce its own medicines and surgical equipment.
		Catherine II was succeeded by her son, Emperor Paul I, whom she had managed to keep away from the throne for decades.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559802___6/Catherine_the_Great.html (1526 words)

	Catherine II of Russia
		During her reign Catherine extended the borders of the Russian Empire southward and westward to absorb New Russia, Crimea, Right-Bank Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Courland at the expense of two powers — the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Catherine made Russia the dominant power in south-eastern Europe after her first Russo–Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire (1768–1774), which saw some of the greatest defeats in Turkish history, including the Battle of Chesma (1775) and the Battle of Kagul (1770).
		Catherine annexed Crimea in 1783, a mere nine years after it had gained independence from the Ottoman Empire as a result of her first war against the Turks.
	www.wikipediaondvd.com /nav/art/a/h/4.html (3147 words)

	Catherine the Great - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Catherine the Great (1729-1796), empress of Russia (1762-1796), who expanded her vast country’s borders south to the Black Sea and west into Europe while continuing the Westernization begun by Peter the Great.
		The marriage was an unhappy one, but the precocious, intelligent, and extremely ambitious grand duchess managed to learn much in her adopted country, surviving court intrigues (as well as, apparently, successfully engaging in some).
		In July 1762 Catherine and the imperial guard led by her lover Count Grigory Orlov overthrew Peter in a palace coup, and Catherine was declared empress as Catherine II.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559802__1/Catherine_the_Great.html (2014 words)

	Genealogy - pafg26 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Agnes WANTUCH-40 was born in 1764 in of Burzyn, Tarnow, Krakow, Poland.
		Julianna MARKOCKI-34 was born on 29 Jul 1876 in Burzyn, Tarnow, Krakow, Poland.
		Catharina BUCZEK-6 was born on 25 Mar 1877 in Burzyn, Tarnow, Krakow, Poland.
	www.burzyn.com /genealogy/pafg26.htm (995 words)

	Poland
		Poland's location in the very center of Europe became especially significant in a period when both Prussia/Germany and Russia were intensely involved in European rivalries and alliances and modern nation states took form over the entire continent.
		The shattered Poland that emerged from the rubble of World War II was reconstituted as a communist state and incorporated within the newly formed Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, despite the evident wishes of the overwhelming majority of the Polish nation.
		To the south of the lowlands are the lesser Poland uplands, a belt varying in width from ninety to 200 kilometers, formed by the gently sloping foothills of the Sudeten and Carpathian mountain ranges and the uplands that connect the ranges in southcentral Poland.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/poland/all.html (17850 words)

	Ekaterina2
		Catherine had only to strike: she had the support of the army, especially the regiments at St. Petersburg, where Grigori Orlov, her lover, was stationed; the court; and public opinion in both capitals (Moscow and St. Petersburg).
		Catherine now realized that for her the people were more to be feared than pitied, and that, rather than freeing them, she must tighten their bonds.
		Catherine's critics acknowledge her energy and administrative ability but point out that the achievements of her reign were as much due to her associates and to the unaided, historical development of Russian society as to the merits of the Empress.
	members.fortunecity.com /timhaapa/rombio-13.htm (2581 words)

	POLAND
		The proper title of the Poland that was finally destroyed in 1794 was 'The Polish Commonwealth of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania'.
		In 1148, the papal legate Guido came to Poland with the mission of persuading the provincial princes to recognise the suzerainty of the exiled Ladislaus.
		Duke of Transylvania, was elected king of Poland in 1575, and crowned in 1576, having previously married Anne Jagiellonian, the sister of Sigismund Augustus.
	grunwald.iatp.by /pl/POLAND.htm (11874 words)

	Fredericus Rex - The Division of Poland
		In 1764 the throne of Poland became vacant.
		The Russian Empress Catherine II decided to have her former favorite and close personal friend, Stanislas Poniatowski, whom she had met years ago through the English ambassador Sir Charles Hanbury-Williams, crowned King of Poland.
		Poland was now smaller to be sure, but it still was very large, reaching from Posen to Kiev and from Riga to Czernowitz.
	members.tripod.com /~Nevermore/king10.html (830 words)

	Catherine WILLOUGHBY (D. Suffolk)
		Catherine was the executor to the former Duke of Suffolk's estate.
		When Catherine Parr died of puerperal fever in 1548, her baby, a girl named Mary, was, at her father, Admiral Seymour's request, handed over the reluctant care of the Duchess of Suffolk, once her mother dear friend.
		Catherine wrote to Cecil, 4 Mar, showing her true state of mind concerning the state of the Reformation in England at that early point in Elizabeth's reign.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Bios/CatherineWilloughby.htm (2082 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg1584 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Hedwig of POLAND was born 25 Mar 1513.
		Catherine of POLAND was born 1526 and died 16 Nov 1583.
		Catherine of POLAND [Parents] [scrapbook] was born 1526 in Poland.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg1584.htm (310 words)

	Anna Jagiellon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anna Jagiellon (Polish: Anna Jagiellonka; 1523 - 1596), daughter of Poland's King Zygmunt I the Old, wife of King Stefan Batory, was one of the last members of the Jagiellon dynasty.
		She became Queen of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and was an heir to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
		Her heir was the only son of her youngest sister, Catherine of Poland, Queen of Sweden: Sigismund.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anna_Jagiellon (285 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: C :: Catherine II: Effects of the French Revolution
		In 1792, under the pretext of forestalling the threat of revolution, Catherine sent in troops and the next year annexed most of the western Ukraine, while Prussia helped itself to large territories of western Poland.
		After the national uprising led by Tadeusz Kozciuszko in 1794, Catherine wiped Poland off the map of Europe by dividing it between Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1795.
		Catherine's last years were darkened by the execution of Louis XVI, the advance of the revolutionary armies, and the spread of radical ideas.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/c/catherine_II_eff.shtml (277 words)

	War and 18th Century Europe
		After Augustus III of Saxony and Poland had died (in 1763), she installed as king of Poland one of her lovers, Stanislaus Poniatovski, who became Stanislaus II, Catherine believing that his lack of qualifications for that honor would make him all the more grateful for his appointment, and therefore more subservient.
		Catherine was facing a peasant uprising that had begun among Cossacks in the Ural River region, led by Emelian Pugachev.
		Catherine sent troops released from the war against the peasant revolt, Landlords, government officials and army officers eagerly supported Catherine, and Catherine's army easily defeated the uncoordinated rebel armies.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h31-gr.htm (9515 words)

	Catherine the Great
		The coup that brought Catherine to power and saw her crowned Empress of all Russia was organized by Count Grigorii Orlov, one of Catherine's lovers.
		Catherine also helped spread the institution of serfdom by giving away large tracts of land and the people on the land as gifts and rewards thus increasing the number of serfs and the places where serfdom was common.
		Catherine helped expand Russia through two Russo-Turkish wars, one in 1768-1774 and one from 1787-1792, through the addition of Ukraine from 1781-1786 and by gaining portions of Poland through paritions of Poland.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/history/russia/catherine.html (675 words)

	Astrocartography of Catherine the Great's Least-aspected Mercury/Uranus
		Catherine II (née Sophie Friederike Auguste Prinzessin von Anhalt-Zerbst), also known as Catherine the Great, was born in Stettin, Prussia (14E32), just several degrees west of the vertical midnight position of her Secondary Venus line.
		Threatening to divorce Catherine upon his rise to the throne, Catherine was left little choice: now she could either flee or partake in the inevitable coup.
		Catherine worked for more than two years on the “draft of a document” (Primary Mercury) which would guide a body of “enlightened” (Primary Uranus) delegates who would, in turn, convene to work on “revising” the laws and constitution under her general guidelines.
	www.dominantstar.com /b_cather.htm (1671 words)

	Annexation of Poland
		Catherine is quite famous for extending Russia 's borders to the Black Sea and west into Europe.
		The basic causes leading to the three successive partitions (1772, 1793, 1795) that eliminated Poland from the map were the decay and the internal disunity of Poland and the emergence of its neighbors, Russia and Prussia, as leading European powers.
		The partition of 1772 gave Pomerelia and Ermeland to Prussia, Latgale and Belarus E of the Dvina and Dnieper rivers to Russia, and Galicia to Austria.
	www.lakesideschool.org /studentweb/worldhistory/modernworld/AnnexationofPoland.htm (323 words)

	Lasica family tree
		Catherine left Poland as a teenager with a friend aboard the Koln on Feb. 4, 1909, sailing from Bremen, Germany, and arriving at Ellis Island on Feb. 19, 1909 — only nine days after her brother, Joseph, made the same journey.
		She grew up in the town of Kamien (see map) and in the Przemysl Roman Catholic diocese in the administrative district of Nisko in the province of Rzeszow in southeastern Poland (then called Galicia, part of the Austrian empire).
		She married at age 22 — George Lasica's hometown was less than 10 miles away from hers in Poland — and was naturalized in Hackensack, NJ, perhaps on Sept. 19, 1935.
	www.jdlasica.com /PS01/PS01_017.htm (395 words)

	The Historical Setting: The Noble Republic (1572-1795)
		In fact, the shock of the annexations made clear the dangers of decay in government institutions, creating a body of opinion favorable to reform along the lines of the European Enlightenment (see Glossary).
		The 1795 dismemberment of Poland by the Third Partiton.
		Arguing that Poland had fallen prey to the radical Jacobinism (see Glossary) then at high tide in France, Russia and Prussia abrogated the Constitution of May 3, carried out a second partition of Poland in 1793, and placed the remainder of the country under occupation by Russian troops.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/longhist3.html (2064 words)

	Poland in Exile - Mieczyslaw Bargiel
		Born in the mining town of Zagorz (near Katowice) on 26th September 1920 to a working class family, Mieczyslaw was soon to leave the newly independent state of Poland.
		Wladyslaw and Catherine Bargiel left Poland with their seven sons in 1923 to seek employment in France and food due to the 1920s food shortage in Poland.
		For Mieczyslaw Bargiel, the war ended in the autumn of 1945 and he decided to return to Poland to restore the country and assist in the development of the new communist government using his wartime experiences in the organization of the Maquis and the 9th Battalion.
	www.polandinexile.com /bargiel.html (625 words)

	Sweden, Russia and the Great Northern War, to 1740
		And, from Poland, Augustus wanted to expand his rule to Livonia, where Germanic nobles were unhappy with Swedish rule.
		In November 1709, Frederick IV of Denmark invaded Sweden with 16,000 troops, overrunning the towns of Malmö and Lund, and in February they were driven back to Denmark, Sweden's successful defense impressing the rest of Europe.
		It was a powerful coalition that Charles faced: Peter of Russia, Frederick of Denmark, Augustus of Saxony and Poland, Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia, and George of Hanover and England.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h30-sw.htm (6254 words)

	Poland Research List Archive 981 -- PLRL-981
		Fanny was the second wife and left Poland for Boston in 1913; leaving behind her husband and six month old baby daughter, Molly.
		They were married in Poland in 1900 and emigrated shortly thereafter from somewhere on the outskirts of Warsaw (location unknown).
		She was the youngest child of Francisz ZIOLKOWSKI, and Catherine WALENCZUK, who died at birth of Franceszka, 16 November 1888, and was raised by an older sister.
	feefhs.org /PL/plrl/plrl-981.html (3726 words)

	Poland's History - The Period of Partitions, (1772 - 1918)
		Poland 1795 - 1945 - The Third Partition; the Grand Duchy of Warsaw; the November Rising of 1830; the 'Great Emigration'; the fiasco of 1846; the January Rising; the Romantic tradition vs. "organic Work;" Poland Resurrected: 1900-1921; World War II; the Warsaw Rising.
		Also: texts of the Treaty of Nonaggression Between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of August 23, 1939; and of the German-Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty of September 28, 1939; partial transcript of Judge Parker oration at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials.
		Excerpts from the Memoirs of Frederick II of Prussia and the Letters of Maria Theresa of Austria and Catherine II of Russia
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /web/history/partitions/link.shtml (887 words)

	Poland Warsaw Mission Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first 2 young Elders, Bean and Peterson, that went to Poland around the time of the fall of the Iron Curtain was in January 1988.
		Poland is huge into photography, so you should be able to develop stuff but it will cost you.
		The Poland Warsaw Mission--Tobler Group,1998-2001--will hold its 5th AnnualReunion, Friday, September 30 at the same place and thesame time: the OldRed Church at 25 North Main, Lindon, UT 84042 at 7 pm.All formermissionaries, spouses and children, native Poles andfriends of Poland arecordially invited to be there.
	www.ldsmissions.net /pwm (7847 words)

	The GROM Factor (Poland's special forces in Iraq - from 2003)
		Radek Sikorski, Poland's former deputy minister of defense and now executive director of the New Atlantic Initiative, recently told me he witnessed the snipers at their best during a training exercise in 1999.
		There is no national motto of Poland, so for a unit of that nation's military to adopt an official one might appear to some to be excessively vainful.
		he must be samoobrona(sel defence) minority party in poland led by andrzej lepper, pesant lover idiot, ot from liga polskich rodzin (the league of polisg families party) another idiotic party which base its approval on pesants and people who are not happy with the transormation in poland in recent years.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/fr/1273772/posts (2788 words)

	Catherine the Great (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Historians have not always been kind to her memory, and all too often one reads accounts of her private life, ignoring her many achievements.
		The stories of her love affairs have been vulgarized and can be traced to a handful of French writers in the years immediately after Catherine's death, when Republican France was fighting for its life against a coalition that included Russia.
		Catherine was born Sophia Augusta Frederika of Anhalt-Zerbst on April 21, 1729 in Stettin, then Germany, now Poland.
	members.tripod.com /~Nevermore/CGREAT.HTM (593 words)

	Sigismund
		Son of John III of Sweden and Catherine of Poland.
		Elected to the throne of Poland in 1587, he also inherited the Swedish crown ten years later.
		He tried to restore Catholicism to Sweden, but when he left Sweden for Poland the regent, his uncle (later Charles IX) rebelled, defeated and deposed him in 1599.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/politics_n2/sigismund.html (303 words)

	Descendants of William Poland (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ELIJAH POLAND was born 25 Jun 1837 in Ohio and died 28 Mar 1911 in Secor Woodford Co Illinois.
		LUCY JANE POLAND was born 7 Jul 1874 in Clay Township Wayne Co Iowa and died 1 Jun 1920 in Richman Township Wayne Co Iowa.
		ELMER LEE POLAND was born 21 Oct 1890 in Secor Woodford Co Illinois and died 23 Jun 1941 in Onawa Monona Iowa.
	www.oregontrail.net /~mpoland/polafam.html (8373 words)

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