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Topic: Catherine the Great

	Catherine the Great - MSN Encarta
		Catherine the Great (1729-1796), empress of Russia (1762-1796), who expanded her vast country’s borders south to the Black Sea and west into Europe while continuing the Westernization begun by Peter the Great.
		Catherine II made her considerable mark in history by her extremely successful and expansive foreign policy as well as by her energetic and fruitful continuation of the process of Westernization in the footsteps of Peter the Great.
		Catherine II was succeeded by her son, Emperor Paul I, whom she had managed to keep away from the throne for decades.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559802/Catherine_the_Great.html (1984 words)

	Catherine II of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coronation coach of Catherine the Great is exhibited in the Hermitage Museum, St.
		Catherine took a leading role in the partitions of Poland in 1790s, afraid that the May Constitution of Poland might bring a renaissance of the Commonwealth power and the growing democratic movements inside the Commonwealth might became a threat to the European monarchies.
		Catherine subscribed to the Enlightenment and considered herself a "philosopher on the throne." She was very aware of her image abroad, and ever desired to be perceived by Europe as a civilized and enlightened monarch, even though in Russia she often played the part of the tyrant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catherine_II_of_Russia (2003 words)

	Catherine the Great
		Catherine II, surnamed "the Great", Empress of Russia, was the daughter of Christian Augustus, prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, and his wife, Johanna Elizabeth of Holstein-Gottorp.
		The mere fact that Catherine II, a small German princess without hereditary claim to the throne, ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796 amid the loyalty of the great mass of the people, and the respect and admiration of her neighbors, is sufficient proof of the force of her character.
		There is a very great difference between Catherine II as she appears in the panegyrics of the encyclopaedists and Catherine as she appears in her correspondence and in her acts.
	www.nndb.com /people/575/000078341 (3113 words)

	Catherine the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Catherine's love for knowledge and education were to be passed along to her grandsons but not in such elaborate fashion as she had planned.
		"Catherine the Great, Ekaterina Alexeevna, 1729-1796, Empress Of All Russia." Virtualology.
		Catherine the Great and the Expansion of Russia.
	www.kings.edu /womens_history/catherine.html (2580 words)

	Catherine the Great
		Catherine made over 700 pages of notes from Blackstone and wrote various drafts at different times of the changes in the constitutional structure she proposed to introduce.
		Lower down the social scale, there was considerable opposition to Catherine's secularization of Church lands, to the widespread closure of monasteries and convents, and the concentration of monks and nuns in a smaller number of larger establishments.
		What remains true however is that Catherine was the first ruler of Russia to conceive of drawing up legislation setting out the corporate rights of the nobles and the townspeople, and the civil rights of the free population of the country.
	www.stetson.edu /~psteeves/classes/catherinedemadiriaga.html (1101 words)

	Catherine II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Some have questioned the sincerity of Catherine’s enlightened”; outlook, and there is no doubt that she became more conservative as a result of the peasant rising (1773–74) under Pugachev.
		In 1785, Catherine issued a charter that made the gentry of each district and province a legal body with the right to petition the throne, freed nobles from taxation and state service and made their status hereditary, and gave them absolute control over their lands and peasants.
		Catherine and her advisers, particularly Potemkin, developed a program known as the Greek Project, which aimed at a partition of the Ottoman Empire’s European holdings among Russia, Austria, and other countries.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/Cathrin2.html (788 words)

	Catherine the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Gustavus III was Catherine the Great's first cousin and one of her greatest enemies.] Sophia's mother was anxious to further the interests of her family so when news reached Zerbst that Empress Elizabeth was interested in choosing Sophia as the wife of the Grand Duke Peter, Johanna immediately responded positively.
		Catherine had many great things in mind for Russia when she came to power, but sadly as time progressed, many were never accomplished, and much of what was accomplished was reversed after the French Revolution.
		Catherine is well-known for the improvement of the city of Petersburg during her reign.
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/sw98/catherine.html (1445 words)

	THE REAL CATHERINE THE GREAT - Dossier - 3-4/99
		Their mode of theologizing was mystical or spiritual, and their elevation to the rarefied ranks of the great doctors is a strong statement by the Church that the highest kind of theology is living truth and the ultimate criterion of this truth is the degree to which it leads to deeper union with God.
		Catherine of Siena has occasionally served as a feminist icon because of the best-known fact about her life — that she spoke boldly to the pope about his duties and responsibilities and did not scruple to rebuke him when she believed he had failed.
		Catherine is also an embarrassment to those who would de-romanize the Church, since the idea of the papal primacy was at the very heart of her mission, and in her mind the root cause of all other evils in the Church was the popes’ expedient withdrawal to Avignon.
	www.catholic.net /rcc/Periodicals/Dossier/MARAPR99/catherine.html (770 words)

	Catherine the Great
		Catherine the Great was born on April 21, 1729, in Strettin, Poland into the family of Prince Christian August of Anhalt-Zerbst.
		Catherine came to Russia at the invitation of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna to be the bride of the heir to the throne, Peter Feodorovich.
		On September 22, 1762, Catherine was crowned Empress of all Russia in the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.
	library.thinkquest.org /05aug/00160/k_catherinethegreatpage.html (160 words)

	Catherine the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Catherine the Great began life as Sophie, the daughter of a minor German nobleman.
		In 1745 Elizabeth arranged for Catherine to marry Peter III, the grandson of Peter the Great and the heir to the Russian throne.
		The other side of Catherine reflects, perhaps, her need to conform to the expectations of the Russian nobility if she were to survive politically as well as her desire to keep control of Russia in her own hands as much as possible.
	www.tnstate.edu /edachowski/catherine_the_great.htm (1117 words)

	Catherine the Great
		Historical drama from AandE with Catherine Zeta-Jones as Empress Catherine the Great of Russia.
		Catherine put her trust in the able Gregory Potemkin with whom she was to have a long relationship.
		Catherine was a friend of the Enlightenment and conducted a correspondence with Voltaire, Diderot and Baron von Grimm.
	www.vernonjohns.org /snuffy1186/cathgrt2.html (703 words)

	Temple of Catherine the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Catherine the Great (1729-1796), empress of Russia (1762-1796), who continued the process of Westernization begun by Peter the Great and made Russia a European power.
		Catherine's more benevolent achievements included the foundation of the first Russian schools for girls and of a medical college to provide health care for her subjects.
		Under Catherine, the territory of the Russian Empire was greatly expanded, especially through two wars with the Ottoman Empire (1768-1774 and 1787-1791) and the annexation of Crimea (1783), which gave Russia control over the northern coast of the Black Sea.
	www.sangha.net /messengers/Catherine.htm (237 words)

	Catherine the Great
		Catherine the Great (1729-96), empress of Russia (1762-96), the second of that name, who continued the process of Westernization begun by Peter the Great and made Russia a European power.
		Catherine and the Enlightenment Catherine was well acquainted with the literature of the French Enlightenment, which was an important influence on her own political thinking.
		Among Catherine's more benevolent achievements were the foundation of the first Russian schools for girls and of a medical college to provide health care for her subjects.
	www.distinguishedwomen.com /biographies/cath-gr.html (694 words)

	Who Was Catherine the Great?
		Born in Stettin, Pomerania to petty German nobility, Catherine the Great married the Romanov crown prince Peter, grandson of Peter the Great, in 1745.
		Catherine was promptly crowned Tsarina and shortly thereafter Peter was murdered by her loyalists.
		Catherine was an avid writer, librettist and generous patron of the arts and education.
	www.wisegeek.com /who-was-catherine-the-great.htm (429 words)

	Catherine the Great
		Even though Russian Empress Catherine the Great was a German native and ascended to the throne via a coup d'état (her husband was the heir to the throne), she was a fairly successful ruler who deeply influenced Russian culture and society.
		Catherine the Great's reign was a blend of increasing autocratic political reform, ambitious foreign policy manoeuvres, and an enriching cultivation of the arts.
		In fact, Catherine’s goal was to give full security to the private property of nobility, including the right to exploit at will whatever was to be found on their estates, which meant more labor for the serfs[5].
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/NatIdentity/FSU/Russia/prerevolution/Catherine_lg.html (1738 words)

	History of St. Petersburg, Russia: Catherine the Great (short biography)
		The future Catherine the Great was born a German princess in one of the tiny German states, but turned out to be a powerful and enlightened ruler of the vast Russian Empire.
		Catherine's love affairs with different officers and politicians were widely publicized, though much of what was published was not true.
		Catherine the Great died in 1796 at the age of 67, having lived longer than any other Romanov monarch.
	www.cityvision2000.com /history/catherine2nd.html (359 words)

	History House: Catherine the Great's Ascent
		To refresh: last time we detailed Catherine the Great's marriage to Peter III of Russia, paying particular attention to his social shortcomings.
		Catherine, noting the increasing disgust with which the residents of St. Petersburg had been regarding Peter, proclaimed herself Empress in his absence.
		This was a stroke of luck for Catherine, since now there was no clean line of succession to unseat her should it find support; but it the swiftness with which he found death certainly made her look bad.
	www.historyhouse.com /in_history/catherine_two (1687 words)

	Catherine the Great
		Catherine gives birth to a second son (his father is Grigorii Orlov) whom she names Count Brobrinskii (beaver skin).
		Catherine believed she would govern as a benign autocrat at the head of a highly centralized administration.
		Catherine's power was dependent on the goodwill of the conservative nobility.
	www.angelfire.com /fl3/cftaed/Catherine.html (633 words)

	Catherine the Great: 1762-1796
		Catherine the Great is remembered as one of the greatest reformers of Russia.
		During her reign, Catherine continued the reforms begun by Peter the Great that ultimately led to the emergence of Russia onto the worldwide stage of politics.
		On August 21, 1744 Catherine married Peter III, the Grand Duke of Holstein and heir apparent to the Russian throne, in the biggest ceremony ever performed in Europe.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/EastEurope/CathyGreat.html (388 words)

	Catherine the Great - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		Catherine is so great that when she was 3 months old she got a personal telegram from God asking for some advice.
		Catherine yielded an IQ of 146 and achieved the ceiling mental age of 78 on the Stanford-Binet IQ test in the fall of 2004.
		Catherine was awarded the sobriquet of 'Great' after successfully explaining and demonstrating her mother's cervical cap to her second grade class.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Catherine_the_Great (819 words)

	EefyWiki - 19b: Catherine the Great
		Catherine II, Empress of Russia, was born in 1729 as the German princess Sophie von Anhalt-Zerbst.
		Catherine certainly knew about the plot to remove her husband, but it's doubtful she had anything to do with his death later that month.
		Catherine's most important work was the Nakaz, or "Instruction" to the Legislative Convention she summoned in 1767 to find solutions for the Russian people's grievances.
	eefy.editme.com /L19b (1110 words)

	Alexander Palace Time Machine - Catherine II
		Catherine ascended the throne as the most pious and Orthodox Empress, Catherine II, crowned on September 22, 1762 with tremendous pomp and ceremony at the heart of Russian culture and Orthodoxy in the ancient Moscow Kremlin.
		Catherine quickly began to make changes in government and society based on the convictions she had assimilated during her study of French philosophes of the Enlightenment and the authors of ancient Rome.
		Catherine planned to bypass Paul and leave her crown to his first son and her favorite grandson, Alexander.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/catherine.html (1250 words)

	Catherine the Great - Page 7
		When Catherine met the Senate for the first time at the Summer Palace, she was stunned by the realities of the country's financial and social situation.
		Catherine founded factories for textiles outside the Moscow region, for linen in the area of Yaroslov and for leather and candles in the central Volga region.
		Her great love for Russia and pride in her adopted country comes through to us when we look at this beautiful collection of paintings done by the world's greatest masters, acquired not for personal indulgence, but as an effort to make Russia respected.
	members.tripod.com /~Nevermore/CGREAT7.HTM (2313 words)

	PWHCE Who's Who of Russia: Catherine the Great - Empress of all the Russias
		Catherine was born in 1729 in Stettin (which was then part of Prussia, but is now in Poland).
		Catherine the Great was one of the 'enlightened autocrats' of the 18
		Catherine the Great - Empress of all the Russias.
	www.pwhce.org /rus/catherine.html (153 words)

	History & Culture of Russia / The Romanovs
		Although Catherine did in fact have many lovers, some of them trusted advisors and confidants, stories alleging her to have had an excessive sexual appetite are unfounded.
		One notable effect of this reversal was that, like Peter the Great, Catherine ultimately contributed to the increasingly distressing state of the peasantry in Russia.
		When Catherine the Great died in 1796, she was succeeded by her son Paul I. Catherine never really liked Paul, and her feelings were reciprocated by her son.
	www.interknowledge.com /russia/rushis04.htm (1381 words)

	Catherine the Great (Catherine II) in the history of St. Petersburg, Russia
		The future Catherine the Great was born a German princess in one of many tiny German states, but ended her life a powerful and enlightened ruler of the vast Russian Empire.
		Catherine had a string of sensationalized and widely publicized love affairs with various army officers and politicians, although much of what was reported was untrue.
		Catherine the Great, being the foreign element in the Romanov dynasty, wanted to establish strong links with earlier Russian history and the Romanov Tsars and with this in mind she commissioned an impressive monument to Peter the Great - the Bronze Horseman.
	www.saint-petersburg.com /history/catherine2nd.asp (389 words)

	Catherine the Great
		Catherine the Great helped make her popularity grow by minimizing her European connections and focusing on her support of Russia.
		During her reign, Catherine the Great improved the lives of the nobility while decreasing the status and rights of the peasants and serfs.
		Catherine also helped spread the institution of serfdom by giving away large tracts of land and the people on the land as gifts and rewards thus increasing the number of serfs and the places where serfdom was common.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/history/russia/catherine.html (675 words)

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