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Topic: Catheter

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	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Urinary catheters
		Urinary catheters are sometimes recommended as way to manage urinary incontinence and urinary retention in both men and women.
		Complications of catheter use may include: urinary tract or kidney infections, blood infections (septicemia), urethral injury, skin breakdown, bladder stones, and blood in the urine (hematuria).
		A catheter that is left in place for a period of time may be attached to a drainage bag to collect the urine.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003981.htm (1698 words)

	APSA :: Resources for Parents : BROVIAC® Catheters, PICC Lines and Other Catheters (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This may be accomplished with a catheter that is placed through a vein on the upper extremity (or the lower extremity in infants) and advanced into one of the veins near the heart (Figure 1).
		Central venous pressure catheters or “CVPs” are, in general, plastic tubes or catheters that are placed into the large veins in the center of the body (subclavian, internal jugular, femoral vein) using a needle.
		Thin-walled catheters with two lumens or tubes may be used to provide dialysis for renal failure; for plasmapheresis for treatment of a variety of disorders; or for stem cell harvest (Figure 4).
	www.eapsa.org /parents/catheter.cfm (2820 words)

	Placement of a Jugular Catheter. Small Animal Diagnostic and Treatment Techniques
		Most catheters are threaded through a needle, therefore, the hole made in the vessel wall by the needle is larger than the diameter of the catheter so for a short time after placement, blood tends to leak back around the catheter.
		Catheters demonstrated in the slide are Intrafusor (a) which has its own extension set and a separate needle guard, the Venocath (b) that has an attached needle guard and the Intracath (c) that has a detached needle guard.
		An injection cap (a) is attached to the catheter and the catheter is flushed with heparinized saline to assure the catheter is properly placed before it is bandaged.
	courses.vetmed.wsu.edu /samdx/jugcath.asp (1105 words)

	The Facts About Intravenous Catheter Lines - The Body
		If the catheter is going to be used frequently and for infusions lasting several hours, then an external catheter is preferable since it does not require a needle to be placed through the skin to deliver the needed medications.
		The external catheter requires a sterile dressing which should be changed once or twice a day and may need to be periodically injected with heparin (a blood thinner) to prevent it from clotting.
		On the catheter, inside this skin tunnel, is a Dacron cuff which your skin seals around, preventing bacteria from crawling along the outside of the catheter into the blood stream.
	www.thebody.com /step/catheter.html (2530 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Risk factors for bacterial catheter colonization in regional anaesthesia
		Catheter localisation in the groin, removal of the dressing and omission of postoperative antibiotics were associated with, but were not necessarily causal for bacterial colonization.
		The catheters were kept in place as long as clinically indicated, depending on a daily evaluation of the intensity of pain (aiming at a pain level of 3 cm or less on a 10 cm visual analogue scale) and the evaluation of the insertion site.
		Catheter localisation in the groin, removal of the dressing and omission of postoperative antibiotics were associated but not necessarily causal for postoperative catheter colonization.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2253/5/1 (4830 words)

	Catheter Angiography
		In catheter angiography, a thin plastic tube, called a catheter, is inserted into an artery through a small incision in the skin.
		Once the catheter is guided to the area being examined, a contrast material is injected through the tube and images are captured using a small dose of ionizing radiation (x-rays).
		In fact, a smaller catheter may be passed through the larger one into a branch artery supplying a small area of tissue or a tumor; this is called superselective angiography.
	www.radiologyinfo.org /content/catheter-angio.htm (1926 words)

	Intravascular Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections
		Intravascular catheters are indispensable in modern-day medical practice, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs).
		The incidence of CRBSI varies considerably by type of catheter, frequency of catheter manipulation, and patient-related factors (e.g., underlying disease and acuity of illness).
		Although the incidence of local or bloodstream infections (BSIs) associated with peripheral venous catheters is usually low, serious infectious complications produce considerable annual morbidity because of the frequency with which such catheters are used.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dhqp/dpac_iv.html (178 words)

	Lymphoma Information Network - Catheters
		If the catheter is going to be used frequently and for infusions lasting several hours, then an external catheter is preferable since it does not require a needle to be placed through the skin to deliver the needed medications.
		The external catheter requires a sterile dressing which should be changed once or twice a day and may need to be periodically injected with heparin (a blood thinner) to prevent it from clotting.
		On the catheter, inside this skin tunnel, is a Dacron cuff which your skin seals around, preventing bacteria from crawling along the outside of the catheter into the blood stream.
	www.lymphomainfo.net /therapy/catheter.html (2449 words)

	Invasive Procedures - Catheter Ablation \| Advocate Health Care
		Catheter ablation is a non-surgical technique used to eliminate alternate pathways present in the heart that interfere with the normal conduction and cause arrhythmias (abnormal heartbeats).
		Due to the length of the procedure, a urinary catheter will be inserted to drain your bladder during the procedure.
		The urinary catheter will be removed after the procedure, either later the same day or the next morning, when you are allowed out of bed.
	www.advocatehealth.com /system/info/library/articles/heartcare/invasive/cathabl.html (457 words)

	Placing a catheter in the cephalic or saphenous vein. Small Animal Diagnostic and Treatment Techniques
		Short catheters sold for placement in peripheral veins such as (a) and (b), have the catheter on the outside of the needle so the hole in the vein wall made by the needle is smaller than the catheter.
		If the catheter is to be left in place for several days, a small amount of antiseptic or antibiotic ointment on a gauze pad should be placed over the catheter puncture site before bandaging the catheter in place.
		Some catheters have "flashback" caps with holes in the center to allow air in the catheter to be displaced by blood when the venipuncture is made.
	courses.vetmed.wsu.edu /samdx/cephalic.asp (1300 words)

	Catheter ablation
		Catheter ablation of an irregular heartbeat involves having a tube (a catheter) inserted into the heart through which electrical energy is sent to either reset the heartbeat or stop the heart from beating so a mechanical pacemaker can be put in place.
		The technique of catheter ablation (meaning tube-guided removal) is used to interrupt the abnormal contractions in the heart, allowing normal heart beating to resume.
		When the catheter is energized, the body conducts the energy from the catheter's tip, through the heart and to the electrode on the skin's surface, completing the circuit.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/catheter_ablation.jsp (966 words)

	Catheter Ablation Information on Healthline
		The technique of catheter ablation (meaning tube-guided removal) is used to interrupt the abnormal contractions in the heart, allowing normal heart beating to resume.
		When the catheter is energized, the body conducts the energy from the catheter's tip, through the heart and to the electrode on the skin's surface, completing the circuit.
		The most common complications are usually related to blood vessel injury when the catheter is inserted and to different heart-related problems due to the moving of the catheter within the heart.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/catheter-ablation (786 words)

	Hemodialysis Catheter Placement
		This catheter will need special care and is explained to the patient at the time of catheter placement.
		catheter or infection elsewhere in the body spreading through the veins to the tip of the catheter may mean the catheter needs to be removed.
		Although hemodialysis catheters placed in the large veins of the neck can give effective dialysis, in the long-run most patients are evaluated for placement of a more permanent method of hemodialysis.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/radiology/angio/newp-angio-hemodialysis.cfm (741 words)

	catheter ablation, cardiac arrhythmia
		Catheter ablation is a type of treatment for cardiac arrhythmias.
		After the catheters are in place, the doctor looks at a monitor to assess your heart’s conduction system.
		The doctor uses the catheters to locate the area or areas where the arrhythmia is originating.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /heartcenter/pub/guide/tests/procedures/ablation.htm (1778 words)

	FDA Heart Health Online - Cardiac Ablation Catheter
		A cardiac ablation catheter is a long, thin tube that is threaded into or onto the heart to destroy (ablate) an area of heart tissue that is causing abnormal heart rhythms.
		Cardiac ablation catheters are used to treat abnormally rapid heartbeats that cannot be controlled with medication, or in patients that cannot tolerate these medications.
		Catheter ablation should not be used in patients who have a blood infection or in patients who can not tolerate certain catheter placement approaches.
	www.fda.gov /hearthealth/treatments/medicaldevices/cardiacablationcatheter.html (375 words)

	Advanced Imaging Catheter
		For example, balloon angioplasty (in which a small balloon is snaked through the catheter and, once at the end, inflated to open up a blocked artery) is now routinely conducted on an outpatient basis.
		The advanced imaging catheter, as envisioned by physicist Luiz Da Silva and his team, will have a number of optical fibers embedded in the catheter wall to produce a stream of images-essentially a video-of the surrounding fluid and arterial wall.
		The team is focusing on three areas of development for this next generation of catheters: the fabrication technology needed to place optical fibers within the thin polymer wall of a catheter, the materials and techniques required for actively controlling the catheter, and radiation transport modeling.
	www.llnl.gov /str/daSilva.html (1238 words)

	Chapter 16. Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Associated Infections
		Catheter colonization is defined by growth of an organism from the tip or the subcutaneous segment of the removed catheter.
		In terms of formal economic comparisons, a recent analysis compared chlorhexidine/silver sulfadiazine catheters to standard catheters and found that chlorhexidine/silver sulfadiazine catheters lead to both clinical and economic advantages in patients receiving central venous catheterization for 2 to 10 days and who were considered high risk for infection (i.e., critically ill or immunocompromised patients).
		Of note, the improved efficacy of the minocycline/rifampin catheters may be a result of coating both the internal and external surfaces with these substances; the chlorhexidine/silver sulfadiazine catheters evaluated to date have only had the external surface coated with the antiseptic combination.
	www.ahrq.gov /clinic/ptsafety/chap16a.htm (3141 words)

	Central Venous Catheters-Topic Overview
		The catheter is inserted through the skin into a vein often in the neck or chest.
		A PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) line is a central venous catheter inserted into a vein in the arm rather than a vein in the neck or chest.
		A tunneled catheter is surgically inserted into a vein in the neck or chest and passed under the skin.
	www.webmd.com /a-to-z-guides/Central-Venous-Catheters-Topic-Overview (572 words)

	Central Venous Catheter Thrombotic Occlusion Assessment Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Catheter occlusions may be complete or partial; partial occlusions often enable infusion but not aspiration of fluid through the catheter.
		A malpositioned or migrated catheter often may be repositioned using various interventions (such as patient positioning, fluoroscopic catheter guidance, or partial catheter withdrawal).
		Catheter occlusions are at the heart of an estimated 25% to 70% of CVC complications, of which the majority are thrombotic.
	www.cathflo.com /nurses/2_9_assessment_occlusions.jsp (966 words)

	Urinary Catheter Care
		To keep the catheter from slipping out, it has a balloon on the end that is inflated with sterile water once the end is inside the bladder.
		An indwelling urinary catheter is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the opening that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body (urethra), into the bladder, to drain urine.
		Urinary catheters are also used when the lower part of the body is paralyzed.
	www.malecare.com /urinary-catheter_66.htm (800 words)

	Catheter Associated BSI
		Central venous catheters have become indispensable in the care of critically ill patients and have made the modern discipline of critical care medicine possible.
		Hypothesis: An educational intervention, aimed at changing the process of central venous catheter insertion and care, based on CDC guidelines to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections, can be successfully implemented within multiple intensive care units within a multicenter framework.
		Central venous catheter insertion checklist: A checklist of the process of central venous catheter insertion (type of catheter, anatomic insertion site, prep used, etc.) will be completed for all catheters inserted in the study units by unit nursing staff.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /heic/research/catheter.html (712 words)

	Hickman or Broviac catheter
		After the catheter is inserted, your doctor will order X-rays to make sure the catheter is in the right spot.
		You will not have to stay in the hospital after your catheter is inserted unless you are to receive high-dose chemotherapy as part of your treatment plan.
		A Hickman or Broviac catheter is used to prevent the numerous needle sticks that would be needed during treatment for many types of cancer, especially leukemia and lymphoma.
	www.webmd.com /cancer/Hickman-or-Broviac-catheter (742 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Prevention of catheter lumen occlusion with rT-PA versus heparin (Pre-CLOT): study ...
		Inter-dialytic catheter locking with variable concentrations of heparin, usually based on the catheter priming volume [6], is commonly undertaken to prevent thrombosis.
		A few studies have attempted to determine if citrate and heparin have equal efficacy in maintaining hemodialysis catheter patency [9-11], however these studies are limited by their small sample sizes, short follow-up period, and surrogate outcome measures of catheter-related thrombosis prone to measurement error.
		In addition to thrombosis, catheter-related bacteremia is a serious complication of catheter use, with a reported incidence of 2.5 to 6.5 episodes per 1000 catheter-days [18-21].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2369/7/8 (4401 words)

	Foley Catheter
		A Foley catheter (KATH-uh-ter)--a soft, thin rubber tube with a balloon on the end--is used to drain urine from the bladder.
		The catheter is threaded through the urinary duct (urethra) and into the bladder.
		A Foley catheter is needed when normal urination is disrupted by an infection, a swollen prostate gland, bladder stones, or, sometimes, an injury.
	www.healthsquare.com /mc/fgmc0874.htm (726 words)

	Catheter Abalation
		Catheter ablation is an invasive procedure used to treat cardiac arrhythmias (heart beat irregularities).
		Today these procedures are performed in the electrophysiology laboratory where small tubes called catheters are placed into the veins and arteries in the legs, and sometimes arm or neck and passed to the heart.
		This catheter is placed in the heart near the area causing the arrhythmia (often an accessory pathway or fiber) and ablates or destroys this abnormal pathway.
	www.cardioassoc.com /patient_pgs/procedures/catheterabl.asp (426 words)

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