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Topic: Catholic Center Party

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Centre Party
		A predecessor of both parties is found in the Catholic Party in the Prussian Chamber of Deputies, which in 1859 had adopted the name of the "Party of the Centre".
		In view of the hostile attitude of the Prussian Government towards the Church (the Raumer Decrees) this party was formed in 1852 for the defence of the freedom guaranteed in the Constitution and of the independence of the Church.
		The statutes of both parties are identical (except for unessential differences), and both reject enforced party allegiance, that is the obligation of the member to vote according to the direction of the party as a whole.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/16020b.htm (3836 words)

	Centre Party (Germany) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The German Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei or merely Zentrum), often called the Catholic Centre Party, was a Catholic political party in Germany during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic.
		The Centre Party, whose pragmatic principles generally left it open to supporting either a monarchical or republican form of government, proved one of the mainstays of the Weimar Republic, continuing the cooperation with SPD and DDP in the Weimar Coalition.
		The party was also hurt by a declaration of the German bishops that, while maintaining their opposition to Nazi ideology, lifted the ban on cooperation with the new authorities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany) (5444 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Nazi Persecution of the Church
		Catholic schools and trade unions were dismantled and clergy targeted for prosecution and imprisonment.
		The initial attack on Catholic schools in Munich reduced the percentage of students from 84% in 1934 to 65% percent in 1935.
		Catholic youth associations, with a collective membership in the hundreds of thousands, were attacked for being "un-German." Teachers were reminded that as employees of the State, they had a duty to encourage their pupils to join the Hitler Youth or German Girls League (GGL).
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=2857 (4045 words)

	center - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		The term was first used in France in 1789, when the moderates of the National Assembly sat in the center of the hall.
		It can refer to a separate party in a political system, e.g., the Catholic Center party of imperial and Weimar Germany, or to the middle group of a party consisting of several ideological factions.
		Center a boon for UNC, Edwards: Poverty institute has benefited both.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-center.html (285 words)

	The Anglican Church
		After proper examination by his Catholic bishop and with the permission of the Holy Father, he would then be ordained first as a Catholic transitional deacon and then as a priest.
		For this reason, to this day, Queen Elizabeth II is the official head of the Church of England, and she appoints all bishops of the realm with the consent of parliament.
		If the married former Episcopalian minister were ordained as a Catholic deacon and then priest, he would be exempt by a special favor from the Holy Father of making the promise of celibacy; however, if he later became a widower, then he would be bound to a celibate lifestyle and could not remarry.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/religion/re0680.html (1019 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Center Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A political party founded by the Catholics of Germany in 1870 to defend in Parliament the rights of their Church.
		In 1852 a Catholic fraction with representatives of the Rhineland and Westphalia had been admitted into the lower house of Prussia, and after 1858 this Catholic faction called itself the Catholic Center Party because it occupied the central section of the house.
		Essentially a middle party, with firm Catholic principles, it has as a whole advocated recognition of the Weimar constitution, fulfilment of the Treaty of Versailles with the object of conciliating Germany's former enemies, a policy of compromise and moderation to adjust conflicting interests in the Reich, and denominational education and closer relations with the Vatican.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saintS/ncd01815.htm (283 words)

	Lecture 10: The Age of Totalitarianism: Stalin and Hitler
		A historian could be sent to exile for describing Joan of Arc as nervous and tense just when the general party line wished her described as calm in the face of death.
		Party members lectured to workers in factories and peasants in the field.
		Communist Party members were arrested, the Catholic Center Party withdrew all opposition and the Social Democratic Party was dissolved.
	www.historyguide.org /europe/lecture10.html (5116 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Exposing Hitler's Pope and Its Author -- Part 2
		Hurten, professor emeritus of modern history at the Catholic University of Eichstaett, is the greatest living authority on the Church's struggle against Nazism.
		Cornwell is also unaware of a letter Pacelli wrote to the Vatican official who was representing him, saying that the Center Party was 'the only party we can completely depend on in regard to the Church's interest'....
		The Catholic Church and Nazi Germany (1964), without mentioning that eminent German historian Ludwig Volk brought forth massive documentary evidence to demolish it as soon as it appeared.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=3126 (2336 words)

	Nazi Policy and the Catholic Church
		Responding to protests, he denied this was part of a deliberate campaign against Catholics; the government, he claimed, would “seal its own doom with such a policy.” Though the ban was lifted, it sent a warning tremor through the largely Catholic Rhineland, and gave an accurate indication of possible future government moves.
		Thousands of Catholic Center Party (Zentrum) activists were in concentration camps by the end of June 1933.
		Others in the party held different views, believing it was a mistake to slow the Kirchenkampf, the battle against the Church.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/history/world/wh0033.html (3326 words)

	The Pictures Accuse: The Catholic Church and Nazism in Germany and Croatia
		Catholic Church participation in Nazism was visible to the world starting in 1933, and despite recent Vatican efforts to whitewash the past, a pictorial record survived.
		The Catholic Center Party's support for the Enabling act, which gave Hitler dictatorial powers; the Center Party's subsequent decision to dissolve itself; and the signing of the Nazi-Vatican Concordat two weeks later - these actions told Catholics it was OK to work with Nazis or even to be a Nazi.
		Croatian Catholic Cardinal Stepinac, front center, was a deputy in the Sabor, the pseudo-legislature of the Nazi-like Croatian Ustashi dictatorship.
	www.tenc.net /vatican/cpixa.htm (6157 words)

	Zenit News Agency - The World Seen From Rome
		In general, the control exercised by the German Catholic hierarchy during the whole period of the electoral campaign was marked by great prudence and a sense of responsibility.
		If on March 23 the Center Party had refused to vote full powers to the National Socialists -- who for the purpose of intimidating the Deputies had the building where the meeting was taking place surrounded by the SA -- it would have used force to obtain this result, even by spilling innocent blood.
		Such mobilization of the German Catholic world led in fact to the modification of the regulation of the application of the law, which was published on December 5, 1933.
	www.zenit.org /english/visualizza.phtml?sid=55173 (1830 words)

	Catholic Answers: How Pius XII Protected Jews
		During this dark time, the Catholic Church was shepherded by Pope Pius XII, who proved himself an untiring foe of the Nazis, determined to save as many Jewish lives as he could.
		He spoke out anyway and in retaliation the Catholic Jews of Holland were sent to their death.
		After the war, Zolli became a Catholic and, to honor the Pope for what he had done for the Jews and the role he had played in Zolli’s conversion, took the name "Eugenio"—the Pope’s given name—as his own baptismal name.
	www.catholic.com /library/HOW_Pius_XII_PROTECTED_JEWS.asp (2725 words)

	Catholic Democrats of Nebraska-Home
		Starting now until election day, the Democratic Party Coordinated Campaign has asked for 4 Catholic Democrats to volunteer at their office located at 124th and Center (the strip-mall with Starbucks, Maggie Moo's, and the Indian restaurant) every Tuesday evening (5-7pm or so) to help make phone calls for the vote by mail program.
		The Catholic Democrats of Nebraska is a grassroots organization focused on strengthening the Democratic state party.
		This is accomplished by reaffirming the strong correlation between the social justice teachings of the Catholic Church and the progressive ideals of the Democratic party.
	www.catholicdemocratsofnebraska.org (184 words)

	Catholic First Privacy Policy
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		If Catholic First, at any time, enables chat or forum type functionality, our visitors are reminded that any personal information disclosed as a result of our customers’participation, will become public information.
	www.catholicfirst.com /privacypolicydoc.cfm (618 words)

	Kulturkampf — FactMonster.com
		Bismarck, who was anxious to strengthen the central power of the new German Empire, feared the strongly organized church, which found its political voice in the Catholic Center party (organized 1870).
		The Center party received additional support from particularists in Bavaria and from other disaffected minorities such as the suppressed Poles in Prussia and the Guelph party of
		The struggle was initiated by the abolition (July, 1871) of the Catholic department in the Prussian ministry of culture.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0828342.html (453 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Papen Franz von - AOL Research & Learn
		He was (1921–32) a member of the Catholic Center party in the Prussian parliament.
		He was, however, expelled from his party for accepting this post, and his cabinet won support only from a minority on the right.
		In seeking to weaken the left, he contributed to the rise of the National Socialists (Nazis), chiefly by lifting (June) the ban on their militia.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/papen-franz-von/20051207000209990024 (353 words)

	Pope Pius XII and Hitler
		As the National Socialist Party continued to grow the Catholic clergy in Germany continually reinforced that National Socialism and Catholicism were not compatible.
		Pacelli sought to sign a concordat with the German government to guarantee that Catholics would not be restricted from religious practices or the ability to receive a Catholic education.
		Kaas’ requirements for the Reich Concordat were simple: “the safeguard of religious rights for Catholics in exchange for the depoliticizing of the clergy and the disbanding of the Center Party” (Cornwell, p.142).
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~db387497/esp/PopePiusXIIandHitler.htm (2098 words)

	Third Reich History: May 31
		His outspoken views led Kirdorf and others to reject the party for a time, causing a deep rift with Hitler and other leaders of the party.
		Note: The Center Party is angry as Bruning's dismissal and soon begins negotiations with the National Socialists aimed at the formation of a coalition government.
		Odilo Globocnik, born in Trieste and trained as engineer; SS major general in Poland in 1942; established the extermination camps of Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka and Majdanek as chief of Operation Reinhard (1942-1943); established the San Sabba concentration camp and killing center in Trieste as Higher SS and Police Leader for the Adriatic Coast (1943-1945).
	members.tripod.com /dailytrh/0531.html (1116 words)

	Catholic Association of Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The KVD put forth as its tasks "the realization of freedom of the church and all her rights through legal means; freedom of education; the intellectual and moral education of the Volk; and alleviation of the leading social incongruities and evils." The KVD left political agitation for "freedom of the Church" to the Pius Association.
		The KVD laid the foundation for Catholic charitable and social engagement throughout Central Europe, what German historians call "social Catholicism." Because it had chosen to distance itself from direct political engagement in 1848, the KVD survived the reactionary backlash in 1849-50.
		To reinforce the apolitical image, the KVD pluralized its name to the Catholic Associations of Germany by 1850, and then later changed to the General Assembly of the Catholics of Germany.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ac/cathger.htm (631 words)

	Biography of Franz von Papen (1879—1969) - German Politician, Chancellor, Leader of the Deutsche Catholic Center Party ...
		Born to a wealthy Catholic family in Westphalia, Papen served as a soldier on the Turkish front in World War I.
		Papen, who was expelled from the Centre Party for his betrayal of Brüning, had practically no support in Reichstag except from the Conservative German National People's Party (DNVP).
		Papen ruled in an authoritarian manner, launching a coup against the Social Democratic led government of Prussia, and repealing his predecessor's ban on the SA as a way to appease the Nazis, whom he hoped to lure into supporting his government.
	www.germannotes.com /hist_franz_papen.shtml (542 words)

	Harvard University Press: The Path to Christian Democracy : German Catholics and the Party System from Windthorst to ...
		He carefully documents the efforts of reform-minded politicians from the old Catholic Center Party to break free from the constraints and limitations of minority-group politics and to form a more broadly based political movement
		Most analysis of modern German parties start in 1945 when trying to analyse their development from a historical perspective.
		Cary persuasively argues that the Catholic center, however mixed its motives, formed a mainstay of liberal democratic opposition to Bismarck's reactionary empire...[Cary] has skillfully blended the distillation of archival material with careful political analysis and clear, graceful prose, making familiarity with this book both necessary and sufficient for anyone interested in understanding this important topic.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/CARPAT.html?show=reviews (573 words)

	THE HOLOCAUST PROJECT - Timebase 1932
		(The Center Party is angry as Bruning's dismissal and soon begins negotiations with the National Socialists aimed at the formation of a coalition government.) (Lewy)
		It is the first international economic conference since the crash of 1929, and due to worldwide economic conditions, its representatives agree to cancel all German reparations until better economic conditions return.
		1932 December 14 The Reverend Wilhelm Senn is reinstated by the Catholic Church in Germany.
	www.humanitas-international.org /holocaust/1932tbse.htm (1064 words)

	CATHOLIC LEAGUE for Religious and Civil Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		“The Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding is not too understanding of Christmas this year, and that is why it wants a ‘Seasonal’ or ‘Winter’ party and a ‘Seasonal’ or ‘Holiday’ exchange.
		The Catholic League is the nation's largest Catholic civil rights organization.
		It defends individual Catholics and the institutional Church from defamation and discrimination.
	www.catholicleague.org /04press_releases/quarter4/041215_party.htm (300 words)

	center — FactMonster.com
		relocation center - relocation center, in U.S. history, camp in which Japanese and Japanese-Americans were interned...
		centering - centering, the framework of wood or of wood and steel built to support a masonry arch or vault...
		Brooklyn Center - Brooklyn Center, city (1990 pop.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0811083.html (169 words)

	The Pope Pius XII Controversy
		And it should be underlined that Goldhagen apparently bases his attack on Catholics and the Catholic Church very largely on some of the very same books that are under review here: if these books are correct and solidly based, then the Goldhagen thesis should be enhanced accordingly.
		The sad fact is that most German Catholics, like most Germans, especially in the beginning, were attracted to Hitler and the Nazis as the putative saviors of their country.
		When historians and scholars a half century later write smugly about how Pius XII or the Catholic bishops should have done this, or should have said that, it is hard to credit that they really know what they are talking about, considering the conditions at the time.
	www.catholicleague.org /pius/piuswhitehead.htm (11715 words)

	Pictures illustrate Nazi link to Catholic Church
		The Vatican claims Nazism was a pagan phenomenon, opposed to the Catholic Church, and that the Catholic hierarchy never aided, and indeed opposed, the Nazis.
		The Catholic Church was active in Nazi movements outside Germany, especially in the Baltic region and in the Balkans, where the Church helped run the Nazi puppet State of Croatia.
		The Nazis pledged to enforce the decisions of the Church hierarchy.
	emperor.vwh.net /vatican/cpix.htm (5278 words)

	Democracy elected Hitler to power
		This event was really beyond Germany's control, but conservative parties would blame liberals and the Republic forever afterwards, calling it a "stab in the back" by the "November criminals." To be loyal to the Fatherland, conservatives often said, one had to be disloyal to the Republic.
		Germany's approach had the practical effect of splintering the parties; by 1930, there were no less than 28 parties competing for election.
		Furthermore, the party was beginning to splinter and rebel under the stress of so many elections.
	www.huppi.com /kangaroo/L-hitlerdemo.htm (3007 words)

	Newman Center Catholic Community at UCSD
		We are students, alumni, faculty and staff at UCSD, as well as young adults and residents of the surrounding area, who celebrate life together as the Catholic Community at UCSD.
		Join the Catholic Community at UCSD and the Episcopal Community of Good Samaritan for prayer Wed, Jan. 24 from 6-7 pm.
		The Newman Center Catholic Community at UCSD is blessed with a winter quarter of deep prayer and delightful parties.
	catholicucsd.org (698 words)

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