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	Roman Catholic Church. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Apart from the rites and foreign missions, the organization of the church is by diocese, the territory of a bishop.
		The doctrine of apostolic succession is one of the keystones of the Catholic faith; it holds that the pope (the vicar of Christ) and the bishops have in varying degrees the spiritual authority Jesus assigned to his apostles.
		The contest between church and state continued, ruining the Hohenstaufen dynasty and, in the contest between Boniface VIII and Philip IV of France, bringing the papacy to near ruin.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ro/RomanCat.html (2272 words)

	Pope Leo XIII 14 September 1886 Church in Portugal.
		Though Portugal is located at the extremity of the Spanish peninsula and hemmed in by narrow boundaries, your renowned kings, have nevertheless extended their empire into Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
		For the Catholic faith is the legitimate religion of Portugal.
		Therefore it is entirely fitting that it be defended by the protection of the law and the authority of the state officials, and that its safety, continuance, and honor be publicly assured.
	www.ewtn.com /library/ENCYC/L13POR.HTM (2731 words)

	Portugal - Interest Groups
		The church, along with the military, had been one of the historical corporate units in society, long predating the state and existing parallel to it.
		The "oligarchy" was the third of the historical triumvirate of power in Portugal (armed forces, church, and oligarchy) to be in decline.
		Portugal was long an essentially two-class society consisting of elites and peasants, between which existed a small class of artisans, soldiers, and tradespeople.
	countrystudies.us /portugal/89.htm (2042 words)

	State and Church
		The Church and the State are both perfect societies, that is to say, each essentially aiming at a common good commensurate with the need of mankind at large and ultimate in a generic kind of life, and each juridically competent to provide all the necessary and sufficient means thereto.
		Prescinding from this for the moment, the Church must respect the rights of the State to govern its subjects in all purely temporal matters, and, if the subjects of the State are likewise subjects of the Church, must hold the latter to the fulfilment of their civil duties as an obligation in conscience.
		The Church, because of the uselessness of her insistence, or because of greater evils to be so avoided, may waive the exercise of this jurisdiction; but in principle it is hers.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/church,state_and.html (3162 words)

	Chapter 6: History of Spain and Portugal
		Thus the idea of crusade became as firmly entrenched in Portugal as in Castile, and was intrinsic in the motivations of the subsequent overseas expansion, contributing to the ultimate doom of the monarchy in Morocco in 1578.
		Church wealth and domains were resented by the autonomous municipalities and the concelhos and were coveted by the nobility.
		Portugal suffered less from the Black Death of the early fourteenth century than other regions of Europe, but it did suffer a temporary decline in population, accompanied by a shortage of laborers and a drop in cultivation in certain areas.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne6.htm (7159 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : Let My People Go: the Catholic Church and Slavery
		While the Church has never allowed or tolerated contraception, the discovery of the female fertility cycle and birth control pill have led the Church to consider what her traditional teaching has to say about such things.
		Moreover, a development of Church teaching in one area that would now forbid what was once tolerated (chattel slavery) doesn't imply or require a development in Church teaching in another area (sexual morality) that would allow what has always been forbidden (contraception and abortion).
		The Church's consistent teaching that all men are made in God's image and are called to redemption in Christ has helped give rise to the modern notion of human rights and equality—ideas diametrically opposed to chattel slavery and that have led to a great diminishment in its practice.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=1201 (2399 words)

	The Faith inRussian History
		With the original Rome faded into incommunicable distance, and the second Rome seized by the infidel, the leaders of the Russian church in the rising city of Moscow proclaimed their capital to be the third Rome, heir to both the religious and the political authority of the forgotten first Rome and the captured second Rome.
		When church leaders protested, the Orthodox archbishop of Moscow and many of the leading Orthodox priests in that city were arrested, along with a number of Catholic priests in Petrograd (as St. Petersburg was now called).
		Hundreds of churches were reopened; famous monasteries, such as the Danilov in Moscow and the Pechersky in Kiev, were restored to the Church; Orthodox relics which had been taken from churches and put in museums were given back.
	www.catholic.net /RCC/Periodicals/Faith/0910-96/article6.html (3224 words)

	The Catholic Church in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
		He entered the Catholic Church in 1845, then studied for the priesthood in Rome, and returned to England to establish the English Congregation of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri.
		In Rome, the churches were plundered, priests were killed, and there was a declaration that henceforth the treasures of the Church would belong to the people.
		In addition to being pastor of St. Mary of Mercy Church, Alexandria, SD he is also chaplain to Mother of Mercy Carmelite Monastery where reside discalced Carmelite nuns who as contemplatives are enclosed for prayer and sacrifice for the universal Church, priests in particular.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/history/world/wh0086.html (8792 words)

	Old Catholic History
		The Old Catholic Movement maintains that the obvious basis of reuniting the several divisions of the Christian Church is the common acceptance of the Faith of the entire Church prior to the first division in the year 1054 A.D. from whence all the familiar divisions of today ultimately stem.
		But with the Church of the West developing a strong belief that a kind of primacy resided in the Roman bishop by divine enactment, the breach widened into an open division and henceforth the Christian Church in the East and in the West was to be distinct and divided.
		The Church of Holland, which had provided shelter for many of the clergy of France from the persecution of the Jesuits, was itself to be the scene of the next stage of the struggle.
	saint-matthew.org /old_catholics/old_catholic.htm (8883 words)

	Roman Catholicism in Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Catholic Church in Portugal is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome.
		There are an estimated 10 million baptised Catholics in Portugal, in 21 dioceses, served by 4,000 priests.
		Portugal is the location of one of the major Catholic pilgrim centres at Fátima.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Portugal (187 words)

	Perpetual Adoration
		In 1641 Baron de Renty, famous for devotion to the Blessed Sacrament, founded in St. Paul's parish, in Paris an association of ladies for practically a Perpetual Adoration; and, in 1648, at St-Sulpice the Perpetual Adoration, day and night, was established as a reparation for an outrage committed by thieves against the Sacred Host.
		It is interesting to note the propagation in France during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of the Perpetual Adoration in all the churches and chapels of certain dioceses.
		The earliest mention of this practices is in 1658, when the churches in the Diocese of Chartres were opened for this purpose from six o'clock in the morning to six in the evening and wherever there were religious communities possessing a chapel the adoration was continued day and night.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/perpetual_adoration.html (1668 words)

	Adherents.com: Catholics
		The Catholic Church is possibly the largest faith in the world, although Sunni Islam (which is a highly coherent, unified "communion," but not organized into a single religious body) probably has as many or nearly as many adherents, with a higher proportion of practicing members.
		The Catholic Church is the largest religious body in the United States, with over 60 million adherents (4 times as large as the second largest church).
		In Texas, for instance, the predominantly Catholic counties are along the Mexican-American border, while the north of Texas is predominantly Protestant, especially Baptist.
	www.adherents.com /largecom/com_romcath.html (732 words)

	+ The National Catholic Apostoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The only tie between these independent Churches was their participation in Church Councils, which were regional or international meetings of bishops to discuss matters of faith and morals, the most important of which have become known as the Great or Ecumenical Councils.
		The NCAC is a true and valid Catholic and Apostolic Church that holds to the faith and tenets of Catholicism, and strives to bring Christ's message of salvation and healing to all humanity.
		Our Church is a return to the apostolic Catholicism of the early centuries of the Church when more concern was given for the salvation of its members and not political intrigue.
	catholicshaveachoice.com /index.html (1245 words)

	Hist: 15
		Thus with a threefold rapprochement with the church of the East, a practical and organized unity of a great part of Catholic Christendom has been realized by Old Catholics under a program inaugurated by Archbishop Mathew of England in 1910.
		Underlying the terms of this union are the fundamental principles of Old Catholicism -- an acceptance of the doctrinal points of unity prevailing in the undivided Christian Church prior to the year 1054 A.D., i.e., a belief in Seven Sacraments and in the dogmatic Decrees of the Seven Ecumenical Councils.
		In all these churches the usual temporal dignities and appointments of ecclesiastical superiors are voluntarily relinquished for a common life with the lesser clergy and the laity.
	united-catholic-church.org /history/Hist14h.htm (332 words)

	Roman Catholicism in Great Britain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		England briefly resubmitted to Rome during the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary I from 1555 to 1559.
		However, although Charles himself had Catholic leanings, he was first and foremost a pragmatist and realised the vast majority of public opnion in England was strongly anti-Catholic, so he agreed to laws such as the Test Act requiring any appointee to any public office or member of Parliament to deny Catholic beliefs such as transubstantiation.
		In 1990, both the Church of Scotland and the Catholic Church were founder members of the ecumenical bodies "Churches Together in Britain and Ireland" and "Action of Churches Together in Scotland"; relations between church leaders are now very cordial.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Great_Britain (3410 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Braga
		Braga is situated in a flat fertile tract of land between the rivers Este and Cavado, in the province of Minho, in the Kingdom of Portugal.
		Braga, the metropolis of Galicia, was one of the principal cities of Lusitania (Portugal), until the Emperor Augustus, having brought his wars to a close, made a new division of the provinces and united it to Hispania Tarraconensis, giving it the name of
		Three other bishops of note were Roderico de Cunha (1627-35), historian of the Church in Portugal; Roderico de Moura (1704-28), who restored the cathedral, and Cayetano Brandão, who was reputed a saint among the faithful.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02728a.htm (998 words)

	Convocation of American Churches in Europe \| Our partners in Europe
		The Consultation was enriched by the presence of bishops representing the Old Catholic Churches and of the Nordic and Baltic Lutheran Churches of the Porvoo Agreement, as well as representatives of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Anglican Consultative Council, and the Presiding Bishop of ECUSA, serving as consultants.
		The consultants were asked to study the possible forms of a province — to include the Anglican jurisdictions and the churches in communion — the Old Catholic Churches and the Lutheran Churches of the Porvoo Agreement.
		Their proposals were based on three principles: a) unity in mission is reflected in unity in structure; b) bishops symbolize and guard the unity of the church; and c) the particular gifts and ministry of each jurisdiction should be maintained and nurtured.
	www.tec-europe.org /partners (645 words)

	Let My People Go: The Catholic Church and Slavery
		My zealous Catholic classmate’s argument only served to provoke our European history professor, a middle-aged lapsed Catholic, who now lobbed at my friend what even I — a fellow Catholic and therefore a sympathetic observer — took to be the obvious, crushing rejoinder.
		The Catholic appreciation of natural law — as opposed to the Protestant principle of sola scriptura (when Scripture tells slaves to obey their masters) — has always made slavery less reconcilable with Catholicism than Protestantism.
		The Church’s consistent teaching that all men are made in God’s image and are called to redemption in Christ has helped give rise to the modern notion of human rights and equality — ideas diametrically opposed to chattel slavery and that have led to a great diminishment in its practice.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/facts/fm0006.html (2427 words)

	Welcome to the Vicariate of Kuwait
		The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church is an Eastern Rite Church (Chaldean origin) in Comm- union with Rome..
		Anthony of Padua is one of the most popular saints in the Catholic Church, the one that Catholics pray to more than any other saint, and the patron of lost things and a hundred other causes.
		As Bishop and Pastor of the Catholic Church, I think that the best way of dealing with the many problems we are facing in our sick and “globalized society" today should be a common effort..." Read the entire article
	www.catholic-church.org /kuwait (2448 words)

	CATHOLIC LIBRARY: Home
		Constanti Hungarorum: On the Church in Hungary (Leo XIII, 1893)
		Licet Multa: On Catholics in Belgium (Leo XIII, 1881)
		Officio Sanctissimo: On the Church in Bavaria (1887)
	www.newadvent.org /library (1557 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Clement IX
		church and heard any one who wished to confess to him.
		He reorganized the Church in Portugal, after that nation had achieved its independence from Spain.
		By a mild compromise in the affair of French Jansenism, known as the Clementine Peace, (Pax Clementina), he procured a lull in the storm, which, unfortunately, owing to the insincerity of the sectaries, was but temporary.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04028a.htm (605 words)

	International Pro-Life News From LifeNews.com
		While the public appearance of the two together appeared conciliatory, the Catholic leader reportedly aired his concerns with Blair's policies on abortion and embryonic stem cell research.
		Catholic leaders worldwide warned that AI would likely lose tens of thousands of members because of the position and the call for a boycott would likely lead to that.
		Like most counties in the region that are strongly Hispanic and Catholic, Uruguay prohibits abortions in virtually all cases exception when a woman's life is in danger or she is a victim of rape.
	www.lifenews.com /international.html (3621 words)

	Portugal - Family Life
		The aged are cared for within the household by the daughter or daughter-in-law.
		After the Revolution in 1974, divorce was finally allowed even when the marriage had been performed by a priest or minister in a church.
		In some parts of Portugal people dress entirely in fl or other dark colours for everyday activity, wearing brightly coloured costumes only for special occasions.
	www.cp-pc.ca /english/portugal/family.html (245 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Index for M
		Mamertine Prison - The so-called 'Mamertine Prison', beneath the church of S. Giuseppe dei Falegnami, via di Marforio, Rome, is generally accepted as being identical with 'the prison...
		Metaphrastes, Symeon - The principal compiler of the legends of saints in the Menologia of the Byzantine Church
		Mohammed and Mohammedism - Mohammed, 'the Praised One', the prophet of Islam and the founder of Mohammedanism, was born at Mecca (20 August?) A.D. Mohileff - Latin Catholic archdiocese and ecclesiastical province in Russia
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/m.htm (16503 words)

	Portugal - Catholic Church Local History and Ancestors Genealogy Research
		In the interest of the vast territories in Africa and Asia then subject to Portugal, Clement VII (8 July, 1539) raised Funchal to archiepiscopal rank, and gave it for suffragans Angra, Cabo Verde, Goa, and Santo Thomé.
		Though links to this page for Catholic Church, genealogical, historical research and non-profit use are encouraged, please do not download the page without requesting permission since it contains copyright protected material.
		From the Catholic Encyclopedia, copyright © 1913 by the Encyclopedia Press, Inc. Electronic version copyright © 1997 by New Advent, Inc. (A Catholic Web Site transcribing The Catholic Encyclopedia: an International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline and History of the Catholic Church.
	home.att.net /~Local_Catholic/Catholic-Portugal.htm (902 words)

	Roman Catholic Church - Related Items - MSN Encarta
		Pope as head of the Roman Catholic Church
		Saint Peter, traditional founder of the Roman Catholic Church
		, office of the pope, the supreme head of the Roman Catholic Church.
	encarta.msn.com /related_761573737/Roman_Catholic_Church.html (92 words)

	Global Giving Roundup January-March 2006
		AKDN and Catholic Church in Portugal expand aid to Asia and Africa
		The Roman Catholic Patriarchate of Lisbon and Aga Khan Foundation Portugal have agreed to expand their support for an urban community program to address problems of social exclusion and poverty alleviation in the Portuguese-speaking countries of Africa and Asia.
		The agreement follows eight years of dialogue and cooperation between institutions of the Catholic Church and the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN -- www.akdn.org) in Portugal and Mozambique.
	www.synergos.org /globalgivingmatters/briefs/0603roundup.htm (2049 words)

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