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Topic: Catholic Emancipation

	New Catholic Dictionary: Catholic Emancipation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Catholics were denied not only freedom of worship but all civil rights as well, and their property and even lives were at the mercy of any informer.
		Contention among the Catholics themselves also delayed action, and the achievement of emancipation was due to the pressure exerted on the government by the Catholic party in Ireland under the leadership of Daniel O'Connell.
		Catholics were admitted to Parliament and the corporations, but still excluded from the posts of lord lieutenant of Ireland, commander-in-chief of the army, and lord chancellor, both of England and Ireland.
	www.catholic-forum.com /Saints/ncd02987.htm (908 words)

	Emancipation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia, the liquidation of serf dependence of Russian peasants by Alexander II of Russia
		Emancipation Proclamation, a declaration by United States President Abraham Lincoln announcing that all slaves in Confederate territory still in rebellion were freed
		Emancipation of minors, where a minor becomes an adult in practice, usually by receiving a declaration of liberation from a court expressly for this purpose
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emancipation (327 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Emancipation
		In ancient Rome emancipation was a process of law by which a slave released from the control of his master, or a son liberated from the authority of his father (patria potestas), was declared legally independent.
		The emancipation of a slave was especially necessary as a preliminary to his ordination [c.
		The term emancipation is also applied to the release of a secular ecclesiastic from his diocese, or of a regular from obedience and submission to his former superior, because of election to the episcopate.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05399a.htm (334 words)

	AllRefer.com - Catholic Emancipation (British And Irish History) - Encyclopedia
		Catholic Emancipation, term applied to the process by which Roman Catholics in the British Isles were relieved in the late 18th and early 19th cent.
		In 1791 the Roman Catholic Relief Act repealed most of the disabilities in Great Britain, provided Catholics took an oath of loyalty, and in 1793 the army, the navy, the universities, and the judiciary were opened to Catholics, although seats in Parliament and some offices were still denied.
		Catholics were now on the same footing as Protestants except for a few restrictions, most of which were later removed.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/CatholicEm.html (586 words)

	CATHOLIC - Definition
		Note: This epithet, which is applicable to the whole Christian church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman Catholics to belong especially to their church, and in popular usage is so limited.
		Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman Catholics; as, the Catholic emancipation act.
		An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a Roman Catholic.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/catholic (224 words)

	Catholic Emancipation
		Until 1823 the campaign for Catholic Emancipation in Ireland was mainly the preserve of an intellectual minority and there was no informed public opinion on the subject.
		In 1823 Catholic Emancipation was taken to the people by Daniel O'Connell as their concern and as a popular campaign when he established the Catholic Association.
		Catholic Emancipation was the first step because it already had support in the House of Commons.
	www.victorianweb.org /history/emancipation2.html (854 words)

	Catholic Emancipation
		The main objects of the Catholics were to be allowed to sit in Parliament, in the privy council, and to be eligible to the great offices of the state...
		The opponents of Catholic Emancipation (Lord Eldon, the Duke of Cumberland and the Duke of Newcastle) are on the right of the cartoon.
		In April 1829 the Catholic Emancipation Act was put through parliament by Wellington's ministry with a great deal of support from Lord John Russell and the Whigs.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/terrace/adw03/peel/ireland/emancip.htm (1263 words)

	Catholic Emancipation
		Catholics were still prevented from sitting in parliament, and indeed were excluded from many public offices.
		In the aftermath of the 1798 rising, the issue of emancipation was not of great consequence to the mass of Catholics.
		However, the Catholic hierarchy and upper classes, as well as the growing numbers of Catholics in commerce and the professions, felt some sense of betrayal.
	www.irelandseye.com /aarticles/history/events/dates/emanc.shtm (380 words)

	Catholic Emancipation on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Emancipation of Catholics, Jews, and Protestants: Minorities and the Nation State in Nineteenth-Century Europe.
		A rejected alternative: Union policy and the relocation of southern "contrabands" at the dawn of emancipation.
		"Overrun with free Negroes": emancipation and wartime migration in the Upper Midwest.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/CatholicE1m.asp (791 words)

	Irishclans - The Penal Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		By these laws the Catholics were deprived of all civil life, reduced to the condition of ignorance and dissociated with the soil.
		Catholic priests and schoolmasters frequently were forced into hiding in caves or holes in the ground so they could survive long enough to perform their all too short life's work.
		By 1760, the establishment of the Catholic Committee by Charles O'Conor and John Curry, combined with pressure for the repeal of the Penal Laws led to a series of Catholic Relief Acts in 1778, 1782, 1772-1793.
	www.irishclans.com /articles/penallaws.html (871 words)

	catholic - definition by dict.die.net
		Catholic adj 1: of or relating to or supporting Catholicism; "the Catholic Church" [syn: Catholic] 2: free from provincial prejudices or attachments; "catholic in one's tastes" n : a member of a Catholic church [syn: Catholic]
		Catholic epistles, the epistles of the apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and John.
		Old Catholic, the name assumed in 1870 by members of the Roman Catholic church, who denied the ecumenical character of the Vatican Council, and rejected its decrees, esp. that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as contrary to the ancient Catholic faith.
	dict.die.net /catholic (221 words)

	Emancipation
		There had been a Catholic mission or chaplaincy at Warfield for at least eight years from 1776, and Catholics are said to have had their own burial ground at Wick Hill.
		Catholic bishops were not to use titles adopted since the Reformation by Anglican bishops.
		Catholic clergy were not to officiate except in Catholic places of worship.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~hadland/tvp/tvp24.htm (2942 words)

	1695-1746 catholics In Ireland: The Penal Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Catholic landholders were not to take a lease of more than 31 years, acquire the land of a Protestant by gift, sale, or inheritance (Reynolds, p.6).
		Catholics had to pay additional taxes, yet they could not vote, sit in Parliament, or hold any municipal office, enter any legal profession, the army or the navy, serve as apprentices in the shop of a Protestant, or if tradesmen themselves employ more than two apprentices.
		By looking into the way Catholics were regarded during the time period of Swift’s Modest Proposal, a reader can better understand exactly what it is Swift is really addressing; the faults of the English in the rise of poverty in Ireland and their oppressing of the Catholics.
	www.albany.edu /~bret/critical_tools/210_fall_2000/archives/timelines/lib2/16951746_catholics_In_Ireland_The_Penal_Laws.html (657 words)

	Catholic Emancipation
		He establishes the Catholic association in 1823, which is a well-funded pressure group that aims to put mass pressure on the government.
		Emancipation was the first step in the development of a modern democracy in Britain.
		Peel obviously saw the issue of conceding Catholic Emancipation as the lesser of two evils, in that he could either concede (preventing a probable revolution from taking place), or he could repress the issue (and face a revolution in Ireland).
	www.funky.freeuk.com /html/catholic_emancipation.html (2622 words)

	BBC - History - Catholic emancipation 1801 - 1829 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pitt had failed to persuade the Protestant gentry to allow Catholic emancipation to be incorporated into the Union Bill.
		Pitt promised to get emancipation through Westminster after the Union became law, but he encountered the resistance of George III, who said that the proposal was 'the most Jacobinical thing I ever heard of'.
		The Emancipation Bill was passed in 1829, but by that time the majority of Irish Catholics were opposed to the Union.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/timelines/ni/catholic_emancipation.shtml (294 words)

	W3Perl - Histoire - Irlande - Catholic Emancipation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Comwallis, as lord lieutenant, had pressed for Catholic emancipation to be included in the terms of the Union which the two parliaments were asked to agree.
		The Catholic Association sought not only to remove what remained of the penal laws, but also to further Catholics' interests at a time when many were suffering from economic depression and from unsympathetic landlords.
		Henceforth Catholics could sit in parliament without taking the oath of supremacy, and almost every office was open to them.
	www.w3perl.com /www/histoire/irlande/emancipation.html (624 words)

	Catholic Emancipation biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		de:Katholikenemanzipation Catholic Emancipation was a process in Great Britain and Ireland in the late 18th century and early 19th century which involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics which had been introduced by the Act of Uniformity and the Test Acts.
		The first Catholic Relief Act was passed in 1778; subject to an oath against Stuart claims to the throne and the civil jurisdiction of the Pope, it allowed Roman Catholics in Great Britain to own property, inherit land, and join the army.
		He repeated this in 1829, and the resulting commotion led the Duke of Wellington, against his previous judgement, to introduce and carry another major Catholic Relief Act in 1829, removing many of the remaining substantial restrictions on Roman Catholics in the UK.
	catholic-emancipation.biography.ms (400 words)

	Irish Echo Online - Arts
		The growing political power of the Catholic Association was dramatically displayed in 1826 when O'Connell used it to unseat Lord George Beresford, a powerful MP from Waterford in favor of a liberal, pro-emancipation Protestant named Villiers Stuart.
		Catholics who owned or leased land valued at 40 shillings, a figure so low in included the great majority of Irish men, possessed the legal right to vote, but most, threatened with eviction if they disobeyed, voted according to the wishes of their landlords.
		To overcome this obstacle, the Catholic Association launched a vigorous get-out-the-vote campaign in Waterford and gave impassioned speeches urging voters to ignore the intimidation and threats from their landlords and vote for Stuart.
	www.irishecho.com /newspaper/story.cfm?id=13191 (908 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Christmas (The Twelve Days of Christmas)
		Catholics in England during the period 1558 to 1829, when Parliament finally emancipated Catholics in England, were prohibited from ANY practice of their faith by law - private OR public.
		The history of the development of the Anglican Church and the relationship between Anglicans and Catholics in England over the subsequent centuries is a complex subject which could not be done justice in anything less than a lengthy and detailed discourse.
		Since Catholics and Anglicans both used the Old and New Testaments, possessing their contents in written form did not expose one as a Catholic, and thus there was no need to cloak common Biblical concepts through the use of mnemonic devices.
	www.snopes.com /holidays/christmas/12days.asp (2393 words)

	Catholic Emacipation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To supporters of Catholic Emancipation, it was only just that their Catholic compatriots should have the political right to sit in the British Parliament.
		The Duke of York then went on to voice a common concern - - that the emancipation of the Catholics was a vioation of the Crown's Coronation Oath and thus of the constitution.
		Most ominously, for the opponents of Catholic Emancipation, it indicated a betrayal on the part of the Tory party in general and of its leader, Robert Peel, in particular.
	www.victorianweb.org /religion/cath2.html (250 words)

	Newfoundland and Daniel O'Connell: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		He believed strongly that Catholics should not be required to take oaths which insulted their religious beliefs before they could assume public office, sit in parliament, or take government positions.
		In St. John's there was a parade and a thanksgiving mass celebrated at the Chapel, attended by the BIS and the Catholic-dominated Mechanics' Society.Vessels in the harbour flew flags and discharged guns in salute.
		On 28 December 1829 the St. John's Catholic Chapel was packed with an emancipation meeting, where 25 year-old John Kent and the surgeon Edward Kielley addressed the crowd.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /society/oconnell.html (1633 words)

	AllRefer.com - Daniel O'Connell (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gradually he became involved in the Irish fight for Catholic Emancipation; his abilities as a speaker, organizer, and leader soon advanced him to the uncontested command of the movement.
		The pressure on Parliament was brought to a head by O'Connell's election in 1828 to a seat in the House of Commons (permitted by the repeal of the Test Act), despite his inability as a Catholic to take the oaths required to sit in Parliament.
		Alarmed, the government was obliged to pass (1829) the Catholic Emancipation Act.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/O/OConnell.html (465 words)

	Celtic History and Politics in The Ballads of Seven Dials
		A founder of the Catholic Association in 1823, uniting the overwhelmingly Catholic peasant and middle classes of Ireland in a common cause, O'Connell held peaceful public gatherings known as "monster rallies" or "aggregate meetings" suing for Catholic Emancipation.
		While he disdained Catholic Ireland, Wellington was a practical man; along with Sir Robert Peel, leader of the House of Commons, he reluctantly realized that Catholic Emancipation was necessary to prevent revolt on the massive scale demonstrated in O'Connell's peaceful protests.
		With the onset of resistance, an initial uprising was quickly put down, and Mary attacked "heresy" against the Catholic church with a vengeance, burning some 300 at the stake and becoming most hated by her subjects in the process.
	mh.cla.umn.edu /single.html (2837 words)

	A History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Catholic Question in Ireland is a collection of ten key works tracing the path of reform, from early claims for Catholic equality to the eventual granting of political and civil rights.
		It would be hard to overestimate the significance of the Catholic Question in the determination of national consciousness in Ireland and in signalling the beginning of an eventual transfer of power from a relatively privileged minority to the majority of the Irish people.
		Henry Grattan (1746-1820) was the most formidable advocate of Catholic relief and then emancipation in the Irish and (after 1801) the Imperial Parliament, in which his maiden speech was in support of Fox's motion for a committee on the Catholic Petition.
	www.ganesha-publishing.com /irish/catholic_irish.htm (1149 words)

	Articles - Catholic Emancipation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Catholic Emancipation was a process in Great Britain and Ireland in the late 18th century and early 19th century which involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics which had been introduced by the Act of Uniformity, the Test Acts and the Penal Laws.
		The granting of Catholic emancipation in Newfoundland, was not as straightforward as it was for Ireland, and this question had a significant influence on the wider struggle for a legislature.
		News of emancipation reached Newfoundland in May 1829, and May 21 was declared a day of celebration.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Catholic_Emancipation (849 words)

	Number2.com :: Free Online Test Prep
		This epithet, which is applicable to the whole Christian church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman Catholics to belong especially to their church, and in popular usage is so limited.
		Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman Catholics; as, the
		All test names and other trademarks are the property of the respective trademark holders.
	www.number2.com /dictionary/define_full_window.cfm?word=catholic&s=bo2I8KgICj381115 (192 words)

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