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Topic: Catholic League French

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House of Guise

French Wars of Religion

1589

Henry of Guise

Battle of Ivry

Henry III of France

Henry IV of France

Holy League

List of French monarchs

	Catholic League (Italian) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Catholic League (or Holy League) was a coalition of various European powers that was formed by Pope Julius II in 1511, at the height of the Italian Wars, to defend the states of Italy against Louis XII of France and thus to strengthen Papal power.
		The promise of territorial gains at French expense caused Ferdinand I of Spain and Emperor Maximilian I to abandon their alliance with the French, and in October 1511, they joined the newly-formed Holy League together with Julius and the Republic of Venice; in November, Henry VIII of England joined as well.
		In August 1512, the League met at Mantua to discuss the partition of the territories acquired from the French.
	hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Catholic_League_(Italian) (864 words)

	Catholic League (French) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French Catholic League was created by Henry of Guise, in 1576 during the French Wars of Religion.
		In 1588, after the murder of Henry of Guise, the league rose up against the king in favor of the imprisoned Cardinal de Bourbon, whom they proclaimed "Charles X" (the next person to claim this title was Charles X of France, brother of Louis XVI).
		The League was eventually forced to acknowledge the kingship of Henry of Navarre (after his conversion to Catholicism), and eventually died out under his rule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catholic_League_(French) (244 words)

	Catholic League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Catholic League (USA) - Catholic civil rights group in the United States.
		Catholic League (Italian) - Alliance led by the Papal States during the Italian Wars
		Catholic League (French) - Faction during the French Wars of Religion
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catholic_League (178 words)

	French Wars of Religion
		The French Wars of Religion were fought between the Catholic League and the Huguenots from the March 1, 1562 massacre of 1,000 Hugeunots at Vassy to 1598.
		The League's objective was to exterminate the Huguenots, to confine the King in a monastery, and place the Duke of Guise on the throne of France.
		The power of the Catholic League was such that King Henri III of France cancelled the treaty and as a result peace lasted only a few months before the civil war continued.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/french_wars_of_religion.htm (1490 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: French Literature
		For many centuries this seems to have been the form natural to the French mind; and the abundance of the output is striking proof of the breadth and power of the movement.
		For thorough understanding of the development of French literature in the seventeenth century, we must consider it in three periods: (1) from the year 1600 to 1659, the period of preparation; (2) 1659-1688, the Golden Age of classicism; (3) 1688-1715, the period of transition between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
		In the Middle Ages the literature in French which developed in the provinces of Hainault, Flanders, Brabant, and Liège had all the characteristics of the French literature of the time, except that it furnished neither works nor names of any mark.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06190a.htm (14989 words)

	Louis XIV
		Louis's reign was remarkable for the establishment of the French Academy and for the work of St. Francis of Sales and St. Vincent de Paul in religion, René Descartes in philosophy, and Pierre Corneille in literature.
		Its gigantic proportions (the western facade is nearly 2,000 feet wide) and the masterpieces of French artists and craftsmen were used by Louis XIV to showcase the power of the French Monarchy.
		The revocation of the Edict of Nantes weakened the French economy by driving out a highly skilled and industrious segment of the nation, and its ruthless application increased the detestation in which England and the Protestant German states held the French king.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/louis_xiv.htm (1720 words)

	William Barclay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the later 1580s he found that theories of legitimate resistance were being expressed by Jean Boucher and other supporters of the French Catholic League, which was fighting to keep Henry IV off the throne of France.
		Like the most famous of French absolutists, Jean Bodin (whom he quoted repeatedly), Barclay argued that sovereignty is indivisible, and that the sovereign makes law, though he might find it prudent to consult Parliament or the estates of the realm before doing so.
		In De regno, Barclay stressed his devotion to the Roman Catholic Church, praising the zealously Catholic Guise family, and applauding the assassination of the Dutch Protestant leader William of Orange (whom he regarded as a rebel).
	www.thoemmes.com /404.asp?404;http://www.thoemmes.com/encyclopedia/barclay.htm (1355 words)

	The American Religious Right: about the true nature of the American Religious Right movement.
		His demeanor is representative of the ideological orientation of the Catholic League and the traditional modus operandi of the Catholic Orthodoxy in general: We are right and everyone else is wrong, and whoever disagrees with us must be silenced, by whatever means available.
		We demand that the Catholic Church be portrayed exclusively as a humanitarian organization, and no mention be made of the fact that the worldview promoted by the Vatican through humanitarian aid is centuries out of date and a danger to the survival of the human species.
		That the Catholic League felt the need to mount a boycot campaign against Miramax's parent company, Disney, demonstrates that the League is really nothing but a continuation of the Holy Roman Inquisition, a mean, vindictive guardian of ideological purity that seeks to silence dissent with the tenets of ultra-conservative catholicism.
	www.webpan.com /dsinclair/catholicleague.html (2039 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Henry I, Duke of Guise
		Following the death of his father he became one of the leaders of the Catholic faction in the French Wars of Religion, and he was prominent in the St.
		In 1584 he formed the Catholic League to keep the new heir, the protestant Henry of Navarre, off the throne.
		Henry III failed to meet the demands of the Catholic League, and on May 12, 1588 Guise entered Paris, forcing King Henry to flee.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Guise (142 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aubry de Montdidier Aubry de Montdidierōbrē´ de môNdēdyā´, in French legend, a French courtier of King Charles V, murdered c.1371 near Montargis by one Macaire.
		Julius Caesar conquered the Aquitani, an Iberian people of SW Gaul, in 56 BC The province that he created occupied the territory between the Garonne River and the Pyrenees; under Roman rule it was extended northward and eastward almost...
		Amboise, conspiracy of Amboise, conspiracy of, 1560, plot of the Huguenots (French Protestants) and the house of Bourbon to usurp the power of the Guise family, which virtually ruled France during the reign of the young Francis II.
	encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=@DOCKEYWORDS+frhist&unkey=frhist (515 words)

	CHAPTER 43
		Many Catholics believe that the greatest tragedy of abortion is not the actual deaths of preborn babies, but their loss of Heaven due to the fact that they were not baptized.
		Catholic pro-life groups, including Catholics United for Life and the Shield of Roses, commonly pray the Rosary for the dying and the dead outside abortuaries.
		Catholics are different from others they are quite willing to associate themselves with an organization that has done and continues to do an immense amount of damage to women, to families, to countries, and to the world.
	www.ewtn.com /library/PROLENC/ENCYC043.HTM (14921 words)

	CATHOLIC LEAGUE for Religious and Civil Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Catholic League president William Donohue dismissed as inadequate the response given by Columbia University president Lee C. Bollinger in the wake of the anti-Catholic incident that occurred on September 21 at a Fordham-Columbia football game.
		Catholic League president William Donohue is sending every member of Congress today a copy of an article he has written on CFFC that conclusively demonstrates its anti-Catholic agenda.
		Yesterday, the Catholic League issued a news release regarding two upcoming anti-Catholic films, “The Magdalene Sisters” and “The Crime of Father Amaro.” The former movie was purchased on Monday by a Disney subsidiary, Miramax, and the latter is being released by Samuel Goldwyn Films.
	www.catholicleague.org /02press_releases/pr0302.htm (8554 words)

	[No title]
		The epoch-making event connected with the publication of the papal Bull of Indulgences in Germany, which was that of Julius II renewed in adaptable form by Leo X, to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter's Church in Rome, brought his spiritual difficulties to a crisis.
		The menacing religious war, between the adherents of the "Gospel" and the fictitious Catholic League (15 May, Breslau), ostensibly formed to exterminate the Protestants, which with a suspicious precipitancy on the part of its leader, Landgrave Philip, had actually gone to a formal declaration of war (15 May, 1528), was fortunately averted.
		To the hostility of Catholics and Protestants was now added the acrimonious quarrel between the latter and the Zwinglians; the late Diet of Speyer was inoperative, practically a dead letter, the Protestant princes privily and publicly showed a spirit that was not far removed from open rebellion.
	www.ewtn.com /library/HOMELIBR/CELUTHER.TXT (17677 words)

	Untitled Document
		Her first monograph, Henry IV and the Towns: The Pursuit of Legitimacy in French Urban Society, 1589-1610 was published in 1999 by Cambridge University Press.
		Finley-Croswhite is currently at work on a second book on the French Catholic League, 1584-1598 which is both a synthesis of what has been written on the subject and an attempt to identify new avenues of research on the period.
		The Catholic League has been described as the final phase of the political and ideological struggle of the French Wars of Religion and a reflection of the collective panic generated by the religious fervor and apocalyptic anxiety many French men and women felt during a period of religious upheaval.
	www.odu.edu /al/hist/pages/fac-finley.htm (1005 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The French royal army is sent in to oppose Philip, and to defend the Catholics**.
		This is something that the French administration and the Catholic League can agree on, and there is less of a split between the Guises and the kings than in OTL.
		In 1584, the Duc d'Anjou, brother of the French* king, and Protector of the southern provinces, dies.
	petebarrett.members.beeb.net /althist/ProtestantPhilip.htm (206 words)

	French Catholic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As I was on the Catholic side this was the army for me.
		Reading a bit of the history also made it appealing, this was an army that won a lot of battles but lost nearly all the wars due to political incompetance.
		The army itself is a direct decendant of the Valois French and Italian Wars French detailed above, but with added disadvantages and a couple of advantages.
	pages.eidosnet.co.uk /~nikgaukroger/armies/dbr/catholic.htm (485 words)

	Huguenot History -Reformation Sunday- old dead links all returned -via- Web.Archive.com
		The Catholicity of the crown, and the special sacral role of "The Most Christian King", were principles widely assumed to be fundamental to the [non-mythical] constitution of France.
		The House of Guise had been strongly identified with the defense of the Catholic Church, Guise was the son and grandson of heroes, and was himself a military hero, nicknamed "Le Balafré" for the scar he acquired in battle.
		Actually, it was to be a French colony, populated by persons of the Protestant faith (Huguenots), to stand in opposition to the Spanish, as well as to prove the loyalty of the Huguenots to the greater French cause.
	www.hightowertrail.com /Huguent.htm (4741 words)

	Creating French Culture (Library of Congress Exhibition)
		One of the most exquisite examples of fifteenth-century French illumination, this book of hours was executed in a complex series of stages, its decoration inspired by diverse sources and artists.
		The first French press was set up at the Sorbonne by two professors who recruited three printers from Germany to whom Louis XI (1461-1483) granted letters of naturalization in 1475.
		As proof of the budding alliance between the French monarchy and the Ottoman sultans in the early sixteenth century, this letter was addressed by Suleyman (Suleiman) the Magnificent (1520-1566) to Francis I in 1536.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/bnf/bnf0004.html (2697 words)

	Catholic League (French) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Catholic League (French) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The Catholic League was created by (Click link for more info and facts about Henry of Guise) Henry of Guise, in 1576 during the (Click link for more info and facts about French Wars of Religion) French Wars of Religion.
		However, King Henry allied with the third faction, (Click link for more info and facts about Henry of Navarre) Henry of Navarre, in April 1589, and together they besieged (The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce) Paris.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/catholic_league_(french)1.htm (143 words)

	mm660.htm
		Although the royal claims of >both Francis I and Henry IV are described as traditional, >over fifty years of violence and argumentation separated >the two reigns, the two rulers, and their publicists.
		Although Roman law was >studied in French universities, for example, French >legists generally held that the authority of Roman law in >France was itself that of customary law.
		Although the >conclusion that "The society and government that would be >destroyed by the French Revolution was already mostly in >place in 1614" (p.
	www.uakron.edu /hfrance/archives/mm660.htm (2551 words)

	Catholic Answers: How Pius XII Protected Jews
		During this dark time, the Catholic Church was shepherded by Pope Pius XII, who proved himself an untiring foe of the Nazis, determined to save as many Jewish lives as he could.
		He spoke out anyway and in retaliation the Catholic Jews of Holland were sent to their death.
		After the war, Zolli became a Catholic and, to honor the Pope for what he had done for the Jews and the role he had played in Zolli’s conversion, took the name "Eugenio"—the Pope’s given name—as his own baptismal name.
	www.catholic.com /library/HOW_Pius_XII_PROTECTED_JEWS.asp (2745 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cuius regio, eius religio ("his kingdom, his religion"): settlement allowing each of the German princes to choose Catholicism or Protestantism, and then impose that religion on all his subjects.
		1531: Protestant princes in Germany form Schmalkaldic League, a defensive alliance against the Catholic emperor Charles V. 1534-1535: Anabaptist radicals seize power in Münster.
		This triggers a long revolt, which divides the Calvinist North (modern Netherlands) from Catholic South (modern Belgium).
	faculty.maxwell.syr.edu /gaddis/HST212/April23/handout.htm (204 words)

	Catholic League on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		All Catholic star is transferring to La Salle
		Lately, Catholic schools not part of Final Four picture.
		Mocking Catholics is okay; Some Canadian broadcasters can't resist subjecting religion to crude comedy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/x/x-c1atholicl1eg.asp (588 words)

	AllRefer.com - Catholic League (French History) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		AllRefer.com - Catholic League (French History) - Encyclopedia
		Catholic League, in French history: see Holy League.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Catholic League
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-CatholicLeg.html (118 words)

	Liturgy Politics and Salvation , 1580460313 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Liturgy, Politics, and Salvation analyzes the contest between the Catholic League and the sovereign authority of the French crown in the middle to late sixteenth century, as a clash between three very different existential positions on the proper relations between the sacred and the profane.
		This was a debate between Huguenots, Politiques, and the zealous Catholic Leaguers, which frequently led to open conflict, violence, and an undermining of the supremacy of the French state.
		This book provides a much-needed examination of the role of the Catholic League in the Counter-Reformation of France and how this influence can still be felt today in French politics.
	www.urpress.com /80460313.HTM (328 words)

	Church History: Liturgy, Politics, and Salvation: The Catholic League in Paris and the Nature of Catholic Reform, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Liturgy, Politics, and Salvation: The Catholic League in Paris and the Nature of Catholic Reform, 1540-1630.
		Church History; 6/1/2001; Salmon, J. Liturgy, Politics, and Salvation: The Catholic League in Paris and the Nature of Catholic Reform, 1540-1630.
		This book had its origins in the mid-1980s, when historians of the French Catholic League showed more concern with the social and political aspects of this revolutionary crisis than with its religious motivation.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:76751716&refid=holomed_1 (195 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Blessed Marie of the Incarnation
		Daughter of a French government official named Nicholas Aurillot.
		Though attracted to religious life, she married Pierre Acarie, an aristocrat and treasury official, at age 16.
		Mother of six, three of whom became Carmelites, and one a priest.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintm39.htm (200 words)

	[No title]
		Tickets may be purchased after October 14th by sending a check payable to Summit League along with a self-addressed, stamped envelope to: Summit League, Attention Dottie Cronk, 8074 Winery Ct., San Jose, CA, 95135 by November 25th.
		Dennis Barsema was designed to look like a 200-year-old French villa with beautiful vistas. The Barsemas purchased the home seven years ago, and have truly enjoyed the design and attention envisioned by designers Hendrix and Allardyee.
		The Summit League Fact Sheet 2004 Established in 1957, The Summit League is a non-profit organization consisting of 47 active members and approximately 65 sustaining members who are committed to raising funds in the areas of education, health, welfare and the arts.
	ccsj.org /services/youth/HomesToursInfo.doc (622 words)

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