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Topic: Catholic Reformation

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	reform12
		The Catholic Reformation is a difficult concept to assign a specific period to or to delimit specifically its extent.
		The Catholic Reformation encapsulates at least 150 years of reforming, evolving and adapting to new social, political and religious conditions, not least of which was the Protestant Reformations and the opening up of the Americas and the Far East.
		One of the fundamental aspects of the Catholic Reformation was the rise - or the perpetuation - of the exaltation of moral discipline, religious conformity and social obedience [6.2, Bossy, 1970].
	www.ncl.ac.uk /lifelong-learning/distrib/reform12.htm (6270 words)

	Counter Reformation - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Although the Roman Catholic reformers shared the Protestants' revulsion at the corrupt conditions in the church, there was present none of the tradition breaking that characterized Protestantism.
		Spanish religion was deepened by the Carmelite reforms of St. Theresa of Ávila and by St. John of the Cross.
		In England the Counter Reformation took effect less in the restoration of the Roman Catholic Church under Queen Mary (although Cardinal Pole was a reformer) than in the mission of the Jesuits (1580), led by St. Edmund Campion and Robert Persons.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-CounterR.html (1074 words)

	CATHOLIC REFORMATION TEXT PG 3
		The Catholic Reformation had two components; a Catholic renewal of piety and virtue, and sporadic calls for Church reform in the face of unprecedented, rapid change in society; and internal abuses that resulted from those changes.
		The goal of the Council was threefold; 1) to effect reform in the Church; 2) to clarify doctrine; and, 3) to restore peace and unity to the Church.
		Catholic schools and universities were established throughout Europe and the Jesuits and other missionaries carried the Faith not only throughout the world but also to the centers of Protestantism in Germany and France and England.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~lbachled/catholic_reformation.htm (3757 words)

	The Real Issues of the Reformation
		Non-Catholic historians, for example, now commonly use the term Catholic Reformation instead of Counter Reformation, acknowledging that the forces of reform within the Church were not simply a reaction to the Protestant attack.
		Ecumenism leads to an approach to the Reformation that is primarily doctrinal, which identifies the key theological issues that divided the Church in the sixteenth century, then expends great effort trying to understand and resolve them.
		Reformers, many of them quite orthodox, objected that behind all this it was difficult to discern the holy simplicity of the original Church.
	www.catholiceducation.org /links/jump.cgi?ID=3291 (816 words)

	Who's Who in the Reformation
		Catholic teaching was that one could offer one's penitential acts to God through Christ as a sort of "petition" on behalf of those who had died and were being purified in purgatory.
		He was the real brain-power of the Reformation, the synthesizer and, to a certain extent, its theological systematizer, despite the fact that he was a quarter-century the junior of Luther and Zwingli and of the second generation of the Reformation.
		A hundred years or so ago, Catholic efforts at church reform in the sixteenth century were usually dubbed "the Counter Reformation." But some scholars objected to the term, on the grounds that it reduced Catholic reform to a response to Protestantism.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/history/world/wh0050.html (6132 words)

	Protestant Reformation - Theopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He insisted on reforms including: the congregational singing of the Psalms as part of church worship, the teaching of a catechism and confession of faith to children, and the enforcement of a strict moral discipline in the community by the pastors and members of the church.
		The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox concept of the priesthood was seen as having no warrant in Scripture, viewed as a perversion and mis-application of the Old Testament Aaronic or Levitical priesthood which was clearly fulfilled in Christ and done away with by the New Testament.
		Even though the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches fall within Orthodoxy as most would define it, much of their teaching beyond the basic tenets is regarded as erroneous by conservative Protestants.
	www.theopedia.com /Reformation (1172 words)

	Counter-Reformation
		The century before the outbreak of the Reformation was marked by increasing and widespread dismay with the venality of the bishops and their involvement in politics, with the ignorance and superstition of the lower clergy, with the laxity of religious orders, and with the sterility of academic theology.
		The corrupt hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church was dramatically reformed in the wake of the Council of Trent.
		H Daniel - Rops, The Catholic Reformation; J Delumeau, Catholicism Between Luther and Voltaire; A G Dickens, The Counter - Reformation; P Dudon, St. Ignatius of Loyola; H O Evennett, The Spirit of the Counter - Reformation; B J Kidd, The Counter - Reformation, 1550 - 1600; The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius, tr.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txc/counterr.htm (951 words)

	Counter-Reformation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation was a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself, starting with the middle of the sixteenth century, in the wake of the Protestant Reformation.
		Other Catholic practices that drew the ire of liberal reformers within the Church, such as indulgences, pilgrimages, the veneration of saints and relics, and the veneration of the Virgin Mary were strongly reaffirmed as spiritually vital as well.
		Among the conditions to be corrected by Catholic reformers was the growing divide between the priests and the flock; many members of the clergy in the rural parishes, after all, had been poorly educated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catholic_Reformation (2543 words)

	Catholic Dossier - September/October 2001
		Reformation Thought is, in the strict sense, a work of historical theology and one written from within a specific theological stance, even granting its author’s diligence in being evenhanded.
		The Lutheran and Reformed movements (otherwise known as the Magisterial Reformation because these movements relied on secular, civil authorities or magistrates to further their ends) are distinguished from the anti-establishment and even anarchical Radical Reformation of the Anabaptists and their fellow travelers.
		The Magisterial Reformers and the Catholic Church agreed in principle on rejecting Tradition 0 of the radicals.
	www.catholic.net /rcc/Periodicals/Dossier/2001-10/review2.html (2404 words)

	Reformation study bible, reformation, self-reformation, Protestant Reformation, venn diagram and catholic reformation ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Reformation he is said to have put his money in a strong box, and to have lived reformation on the principal.
		Protestant his great reformation delight was in his counter garden; counter and both he and his wife seem to have cherished the warmest interest reformation in their son, who was very and delicate reformation in health, and their only child.
		Reformation and he, he was tall and and reformation slim and agile, and like an english reformation archer with his long supple legs and fine movements.
	www.education.expertedge.info /reformation-study-bible (1196 words)

	Protestant Reformation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Protestant Reformation was a movement in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Western Europe.
		Reformers in the Church of England alternated, for centuries, between sympathies for Catholic traditions and Protestantism, progressively forging a stable compromise between adherence to ancient tradition and Protestantism, which is now sometimes called the via media.
		The frustrated reformism of the humanists, ushered in by the Renaissance, contributed to a growing impatience among reformers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protestant_Reformation (4443 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Counter-Reformation
		For in the first place the name suggests that the Catholic movement came after the Protestant; whereas in truth the reform originally began in the Catholic Church, and Luther was a Catholic Reformer before he became a Protestant.
		Even if our Catholic reform had been altogether posterior to the Protestant, we could not admit that our reform movement owed its motive power or its line of action to the latter, in the way that modern reform movements among Orientals are due to the influence of European thought.
		Moreover, the Catholic bishops and representatives of various countries had come to know one another as never before, and when they separated they returned to their flocks with a new perception of the unity of the Church, and edified by the sincere holiness of her hierarchy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04437a.htm (9155 words)

	[No title]
		It was undertaken, not by way of answering the `reformers,' but in obedience to demands and principles that are part of the unalterable tradition of the Church and proceed from her most fundamental loyalties...
		The reforming decrees of Trent are in perfect harmony with the Gregorian Bulls, while those concerning faith look back constantly to the ancient conciliar decisions, to the decretals of the popes, to the Fathers andDoctors of the Church.
		It was indeed the pressure exerted by this distinctively religious phenomenon upon the Church's rulers that determined the reform of morals, institutions and theological education, just as, by altering the climate of the period, it enabled the greatest of all councils to assemble and the Tridentine canons to become the lifeblood of a reborn Catholicism.
	www.ewtn.com /library/HOMELIBR/ROPSCARE.TXT (1241 words)

	Catholic Dossier - Setpember/October 2001
		Neuhaus: The standard Protestant telling is that the Reformation is a re-discovery of the Gospel of Jesus Christ without which the Church is not authentic, indeed, without which a “church” is strictly a shell of institutional, formalized ritual and ecclesiastical politics and corruption.
		The Lutheran Reformation was premised on the understanding that the Gospel means, most centrally, justification by faith, and that that is the articulus standis et cadentis ecclesiae—that is, the article on which the Church stands or falls.
		The Catholic Church separated from the reforming influence of the Holy Spirit in the sixteenth century and that Lutheranism never claimed to establish a competing ecclesial system, but simply maintained what is essential to the proclamation of the Gospel in the hope that eventually the Catholic Church would see the error of its ways.
	www.catholic.net /rcc/Periodicals/Dossier/2001-10/interview.html (2180 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Reformation
		At Geneva the desire to free themselves from the authority of the Catholic bishop led the inhabitants to submit to John Calvin.
		The Protestant Reformation was a source of misery, discord, and civil war for the adherents of the Christian faith.
		Genuine reform was introduced by the Catholic Church in the work known as the Counter-Reformation.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd07006.htm (718 words)

	::The Catholic Reformation::
		The Catholic Reformation was the intellectual counter-force to Protestantism.
		The Catholic Church hierarchy failed to change with it and the organisation of the Church appeared dated.
		Some Catholic reformers were also influenced by late Medieval mysticism such as Master Eckhardt and Thomas a Kempis.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /The-Catholic-Reformation.htm (560 words)

	Was the Reformation Catholic? Melanchthon's Answer
		The Reformation is catholic, because in the Reformation God restored the true doctrine of the Gospel.
		Reformation is rebirth from the everlasting seed of the Gospel "The church is born again where God restarts the doctrine and confers the Holy Spirit:.
		The so-called evangelical or Protestant Reformation was the catholic Reformation.
	spindleworks.com /library/faber/catholic.htm (3326 words)

	The Catholic Counter Reformation
		This conflict is called the Protestant Reformation, and the Catholic response to it is called the Counter-Reformation.
		To defend itself against the Protestant movement, the Catholic Church took a number of actions known as the Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation.
		The term Catholic Reformation refers specifically to Roman Catholic efforts to bring a spirit of reform to the Catholic Church.
	members.tripod.com /bentang/counter-.htm (176 words)

	Reformation - Christian Reformed Church
		Reformed Christians are a small part of a much larger body of believers who love and serve Jesus Christ.
		As a result, Reformed believers have invested a lot of their energy and resources in Christian education (Christian day schools, colleges, and seminaries), Christ-centered political/social action, and parachurch ministries to those in need.
		Reformed teaching was introduced to Scotland by John Knox, who was initially influenced by the Lutheran stream of the Reformation.
	www.crcna.org /pages/reformation.cfm (2167 words)

	Reformation sunday - Catholic Answers Forums
		Reformation Sunday is the Sunday nearest to October 31, the anniversary of Luther's posting of his 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral, which is considered to be the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
		Reformation Sunday (the celebration of Luther's posting of the Ninety-five Theses on October 31, 1517, has always been (at least in my experience) an important part of our Lutheran heritage.
		The Episcopal Church recognizes the Saints that were canonized prior to the Anglican split, and the Saints she herself has named (though these saints don't seem to be accorded the same amount of respect as the older Saints--they're simply given a minor feast).
	forums.catholic.com /showthread.php?p=1618426#post1618426 (1539 words)

	Theological Perspectives of the Reformation
		The Magisterial Reformation was led by Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin.
		Although a strong anti-clerical protest had been present in Great Britain for years, the English Reformation officially began in 1534 when Henry VIII declared himself to be the supreme head of the Church of England.
		I have intentionally included many women of the Reformation within the same categories as the men in an attempt to demonstrate their importance to the overall movement.
	cat.xula.edu /tpr (280 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Reformation
		Catholic Encyclopedia: Martin Luther, [Warning - a tendentious article].
		See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Suppression of English Monasteries Under Henry VIII.
		Catholic Encyclopedia: Ignatius Loyola, Saint and Catholic Encyclopedia: The Society of Jesus (Jesuits).
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/sbook1y.html (616 words)

	Midland Catholic History
		The two journals were merged in 1991 and this allowed the regular appearance of a well produced publication drawing on material from all over the Midlands.
		Midland Catholic History contains articles on post-Reformation Catholic History, of interest to the general reader as well as to historians and antiquarians, and an essential aid to the local Catholic historian.
		Back issues of Midland Catholic History and its predecessors, Staffordshire Catholic History and Worcester Recusant are available from the Treasurer, Mr Vincent Burke; the charge is £5 but discounts are negotiable for purchasers of a number of issues.
	www.catholic-history.org.uk /midland/index.htm (334 words)

	The Catholic Counter-Reformation in the 21st Century
		It implements the measures for an indult of pacification that the Abbé de Nantes suggested in 1984 in order that the Roman Church be mindful of her Catholicity and renounce the sectarianism of the reformers.
		According to a recent survey, France is now only half “catholic”: one Frenchman out of two declares himself Catholic, compared to 80 % in 1990, and 69 % in 2000.
		Our exact Catholic Christian Faith and our devotion to the peace and happiness of nations oblige us to refuse the remedy that Benedict XVI has proposed for the present state of the world.
	www.crc-internet.org (1748 words)

	Reformation Ink: A Collection of Classic & Contemporary Texts on Reformation Theology
		Reformation Ink: A Collection of Classic and Contemporary Texts on Reformation Theology
		I had already during that year returned to interpret the Psalter anew.
		It would be no more possible for us even to wish to believe than it would be for a dead man to fly.
	homepage.mac.com /shanerosenthal/reformationink (441 words)

	Reformation Ink: Classic Articles
		An Introduction to The History of The Reformation
		A Brief Chronology of the Medieval and Reformation Church
		A Brief Glossary of the Medieval and Reformation Church
	homepage.mac.com /shanerosenthal/reformationink/classic.htm (824 words)

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