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	AllRefer.com - Ferdinand II, king of AragOn (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Ferdinand II or Ferdinand the Catholic, 1452–1516, king of AragOn (1479–1516), king of Castile and LeOn (as Ferdinand V, 1474–1504), king of Sicily (1468–1516), and king of Naples (1504–16).
		The Catholic kings also instituted the Inquisition in Spain to bolster religious and political unity.
		During the reign of the Catholic kings the power of the throne grew.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Ferdi2Ara.html (657 words)

	Isabel I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ferdinand and Isabella succeeded as joint sovereigns to the throne of Castile on the death of Isabella's half brother Henry IV in December of 1474.
		From 1481 the "Catholic Kings," as Ferdinand and Isabella were known, ruled both kingdoms jointly, but it was a union of crowns not countries.
		The Inquisition persuaded the Catholic Kings to expel the Jews in 1492.
	www.kings.edu /womens_history/isabel.html (738 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Third and Fourth Books of Kings
		Indeed IV Kings, xxv, 27-30, relates that Joachim was released from bondage (562), and admitted to the court of Babylon for "all the days of his life".
		Moreover, the historian of III and IV Kings himself passes judgment on every king of Israel and of Juda as to whether he did right or wrong in the eyes of God; whereas the Books of Samuel simply give the judgments of other historians or leave it to the reader to judge for himself.
		In this manner the writer teaches that the unlawful cult offered in the high places and the idolatry practised both by kings and people in spite of the admonitions of the prophets were the cause of the downfall of Israel and of Juda.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08652a.htm (1972 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia's Crimes Against The Truth
		On the other hand the Catholic myth that their Church, instead of bringing darkness upon civilization, brought light into a dark world and made heroic efforts to preserve it after the collapse of the Roman Empire is sustained in hundreds of articles.
		The whole theory was a trick to get individual Catholics to murder, of the people to rise against Protestant rulers, and it was quietly dropped when the iron curtain was established between Protestant and Catholic Europe, especially when the Catholic kings forced the pope to suppress the Jesuits.
		In the case of Spain, where the king was of the same gross type as Ferdinand of Naples and perjured himself in the same way to recover his throne, we have a full account of the horrors in the Cambridge Modern History (Vol.
	www.infidels.org /library/historical/joseph_mccabe/encyclopedia_crime.html (18030 words)

	CATHOLIC PASTOR: SHEPHERD OR HIRED HAND?
		The Catholic pastor — from John Paul II to every would-be imitator of the Curé of Ars — is the central figure in the existence and conduct of the Catholic Church.
		Catholics were commonly taught during the 1970s, in college or seminary classes, that what the risen Christ likely had in mind as his replacement was a congregation of followers who worshipped God and did good works in his name.
		A Reexamination of the Roman Catholic Theology of the Presbyterate, (Alba House, 1990, pp.
	www.catholic.net /RCC/Periodicals/Dossier/1998-07-08/pastor.html (9778 words)

	15th Century Flags (Spain) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Catholic Kings were not the Kings of Castile and Leon — Elizabeth was Queen of Castile and Leon, Ferdinand was King of Aragon and Sicily (and Count of Barcelona, which was the basis of his realms).
		The Catholic Kings were not the Kings of Castile and Leon — Ferdinand was King of Aragon and Sicily, Elizabeth was Queen of Castile and Leon.
		As for "the kings of Spain used to fly the flags of the different kingdoms that joined together at the end of the Middle Ages", Castile and Leon were the realms of Elizabeth; Ferdinand was the King of Aragon.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/es_15thc.html (1594 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Hermengild, the king's son, putting himself at the head of the Catholics, was defeated and taken prisoner, and suffered martyrdom for rejecting communion with the Arians.
		That moral unity which the Catholic Sovereigns had restored in Spain by the expulsion of the Jews, the subjection of the Moors, and the establishment of Catholic unity, was broken by the influx of ideas from the French Revolution and English Liberalism.
		The heir to the king attains his majority at the age of sixteen and in minority is under the regency of his nearest relative: Alfonso XIII, posthumous son of Alfonso XII, was under the regency of his mother, Doña Cristina of Habsburg; on attaining h majority he was sworn king, but was not solemnly crowned.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14169b.htm (17294 words)

	No
		The loyalty of the church- crowned kings was ensured by the use of religious sanctions, and, "crusades" of the loyal against the disloyal.
		Catholics loyal to Rome were instigated to fight the Mexican government and force it to return this property.
		Kings faithful to the Church were promised "indulgences" to allow them to bypass purgatory on the way to heaven in case they were killed, and were promised the rule of the lands they re-conquered and the income from them.
	www.richardhoskins.com /hrempir.htm (6404 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Magi
		Rationalists regard the Gospel account as fiction; Catholics insist that it is a narrative of fact, supporting their interpretation with the evidence of all manuscripts and versions, and patristic citations.
		The Church, indeed, in her liturgy, applies to the Magi the words: "The kings of Tharsis and the islands shall offer presents; the kings of the Arabians and of Saba shall bring him gifts: and all the kings of the earth shall adore him" (Psalm 71:10).
		But there must have been some special Divine revelation whereby they knew that "his star" meant the birth of a king, that this new-born king was very God, and that they should be led by "his star" to the place of the God-King's birth (St.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09527a.htm (2448 words)

	Catholic King - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The sobriquet Catholic King is a title awarded by the Pope as head of the Roman Catholic Church to a monarch who in the eyes of the papacy embodies Catholic principles in his or her personal live and state policies.
		One of the rights of being a Catholic King is that a queen may wear white, rather than the normal fl, when meeting a pope.
		Two surviving European monarchies have the sobriquet Catholic King: those of Belgium and Spain (since Los Reyes Católicos).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catholic_King (139 words)

	WARS OF RELIGION: POWER, STRUGGLE, AND SETTLEMENT
		Catholic French kings, such as Francis I and Henry II, opposed this spread of Calvinism and persecuted the Huguenots.
		Catholic Spain duly aided the Catholic cause in France with troops and money, invading France a number of times and even relieving Paris when Protestant forces were poised to take it.
		Henry was assassinated by a Catholic fanatic in 1610, but not before he had laid the basis for France's rise to greater power and influence in Europe.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/gbrown/westernciv/wc201/wciv2c4/wciv2c4lsec5.html (496 words)

	Chapter 11: A History of Spain and Portugal
		The position of the Catholic Kings was not that which in the eighteenth century came to be called regalism.
		For the Catholic Kings and most of their subjects, it had become inconceivable that political unity should not be reflected in the religious realm, for the two were inextricably intertwined and reinforced each other.
		The age of the elimination of religious diversity in the peninsula was also the age of the greatest expansion of Catholic education and learning in Hispanic history to that time, another expression of the vitality of Catholic culture in the early imperial period.
	libro.uca.edu /payne1/payne11.htm (8176 words)

	USNews.com: The Lost World of John Kennedy (11/15/93)
		Many Protestants remembered that America was founded by settlers trying to gain their liberties from Catholic kings, and many liberals feared what they considered an "authoritarian minded" Catholic hierarchy.
		On the campaign trail, he was cheered by nuns and Catholic schoolchildren and greeted by heavily Catholic crowds that waited hours to throng him, like one in Waterbury, Conn., till 3 o'clock in the morning.
		Catholic rites, especially in the tragic majesty of the president's funeral, became familiar to all, even as American Catholics, influenced by the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, began abandoning traits and customs--from eating fish on Fridays to having large families--that had once distinguished them from their fellow citizens.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/news/articles/931115/archive_016100_2.htm (480 words)

	May 2001 p5
		Since that was a dangerous position in Catholic France, he moved to Geneva and in 1534 began writing The Institutes of Christian Religion, which became the definition of faith for his followers.
		Despite Catholic persecution the French Calvinists increased in number, mainly due to their tight organization, zeal and dedication as well as the disgust of many with the moral corruption of the Catholic Church of that era.
		The Catholic kings wanted to retain the skills of the Huguenots and to impress the Pope with their conversion rates.
	hasbrouckfamily.org /Newsletters/200105/Newsletter_pg5.htm (1202 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Apparently, Columbus experienced none of the difficulties in obtaining an audience with King John that he was later to encoun- ter in interviewing the Catholic Kings.
		Also, one of the reasons for King John's rejection of Columbus's project was that John had a government policy that distinguished between national and private enterprise.
		Columbus's letter to the King is lost, but it is obvious from the King's reply that it was the future Admiral who had initiated the correspondence.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/data/spc/CATZ-01.SPK (3468 words)

	The Marriage at Cana by MASTER of the Catholic Kings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Marriage at Cana by MASTER of the Catholic Kings
		The harsh, angular features of some male figures, the rich brown and red tonalities, and the costumes and serving vessels, however, are more typical of Castile.
		Hanging from the rafters, shields bear coats of arms suggesting that this scene may be an allegory on the marriage in 1497 of Juan of Castile, son of the Catholic Kings, to Margaret of Austria, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor.
	www.wga.hu /html/m/master/catholic/catholi.html (197 words)

	Catholic Biblical Quarterly, The: First and Second Kings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Catholic Biblical Quarterly, The, Jan 2000 by White, Marsha C
		F consistently collapses the legal code into the First Commandment (fidelity to God), but the kings are also judged according to the laws of justice and centralization of worship.
		The last great reforming king, Josiah, is represented both as a new David in his attempted restoration of the united kingdom and as a new Moses in his perfect obedience to the "book of the law."
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3679/is_200001/ai_n8891727 (662 words)

	Catholic Monarchs -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		also called Catholic Kings, or Catholic Majesties, Spanish Reyes Católicos, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, whose marriage (1469) led to the unification of Spain, of which they were the first monarchs.
		Although employed earlier, the appellation Católicos was formally conferred on them in a bull published by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, in recognition of their reconquest of Granada from the Moors (1481–92), their New World...
		When the Church of England split from the Roman Catholic church in the 16th century the new church retained the concept of canon law.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9021827?tocId=9021827 (791 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		We as Catholics depend on the promise of Christ that the Holy Spirit guides one man and only one man with the guarantee of God's help in faith and morals.
		In the time of the first Catholic Emperor, Constantine, he knew the law of kings from his saintly mother.
		Prior to the so-called war to same the world for democracy, which was just a way to get ride of Catholic Nations, most of the civilized world was under Catholic Kings.
	www.unitypublishing.com /Government/CNCom9.htm (604 words)

	Catholic Aid Association - Catholic Aid News - King (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		They are the Lee Ann and Adam King family of Mora, Minn., which includes children Elijah (9), Isaiah (6), Gabriel (2), along with a daughter expected to be born in March.
		After visiting the family and learning about their interest in the Catholic faith, Degerstrom said, “I was so excited about the couple being received into the church during the Easter Vigil ceremony in 2004.” Adam came from the Episcopal Church; Lee Ann, from an Evangelical Protestant tradition.
		“Catholic Aid is relevant because we know that our financial planning needs are being met by a company that subscribes to the ethics and morals that we adhere to as Catholics.
	www.catholicaid.com /pages/King.html (514 words)

	Catholic King Two-Handed Sword - MWArt.com
		Catholic King Two-Handed Sword is an ornate sword; a replica of a popular Bermejo period piece.
		Catholic King - Two-Handed Sword is a very high quality piece.
		With this mythical sword, the Catholic Kings Ferdinand and Isabella, knighted Columbus on his return from his first trip to America.
	www.mwart.com /product.asp?pid=982.&AFID=20656 (198 words)

	Catholic Biblical Quarterly, The: 1 and 2 Kings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Catholic Biblical Quarterly, The: 1 and 2 Kings
		Thus, out of obligation he cites the seminal work of Hans Frei, Robert Alter, and Meir Sternberg before endeavoring to stake out a median position among the competing voices of anticritical confessionalists, hypercritical synchronists, and evolutionary redactionists whom P perceives to be dominating the present discussion.
		Yet P rejects this separation as artificial and specious because the Book of Kings has undeniably historiographical intentions, and because those who think only of ancient (especially biblical) historiography as ideologically biased are practicing what P. calls "selective scepticism" (p.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3679/is_199804/ai_n8789974 (857 words)

	GOLDBERG: Music at court of the Catholic Kings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Catholic Monarchs became masters of communicating their political agenda through a vast army of architects, sculptors, painters, decorative artists and artisans who were capable of translating their ideas into magnificent works of art whose significance and importance speak to us today with a surprising directness and clarity.
		And while we may be amazed at the quantity and quality of music preserved in such monuments of Spanish music as the famous cancioneros and the manuscript polyphonic choirbooks, these represent but a tiny proportion of the music committed to paper and parchment by composers and scribes during this period.
		Psalm 80, for instance, is illustrated by King David surrounded by a dozen musicians playing a variety of plucked strings, wind, and percussion instruments.
	www.goldbergweb.com /en/magazine/essays/2004/02/20213_print.php (2298 words)

	Pope Alexander VI - The Bull Inter Caetera - 4 May 1493
		Alexander, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to the illustrious sovereigns, our very dear son in Christ, Ferdinand, king, and our very dear daughter in Christ, Isabella, queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon, Sicily, and Granada, health and apostolic benediction.
		Moreover, as your aforesaid envoys are of opinion, these very peoples living in the said islands and countries believe in one God, the Creator in heaven, and seem sufficiently disposed to embrace the Catholic faith and be trained in good morals.
		And it is hoped that, were they instructed, the name of the Savior, our Lord Jesus Christ, would easily be introduced into the said countries and islands.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0214a.htm (423 words)

	Jewish History Sourcebook: The Jews of Spain and the Visigothic Code 654-681 CE
		Reccared (586-601), the first Visigothic King to become a Catholic, was also the first king to pursue an active anti-Jewish policy.
		[Catholic law then objected to the marriage even of distant cousins.] Nor will we, or our children, or any of our posterity, at any time hereafter, contract marriage outside our sect [Christianity]; and both sexes shall hereafter be united in marriage according to Christian rites.
		His property shall pass over into the power of the king; it shall remain perpetually in the possession of him to whom the king wishes to bestow it, inasmuch as the stubborn life Eof the Jew] shows him to be incorrigible.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/jewish/jews-visigothic1.html (844 words)

	Annie's Epiphany Page
		In Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, Epiphany commemorates the adoration of the infant Jesus by the Three Wise Men who had come from the East.
		The feast originated, and is still recognized in the Eastern Church, as the anniversary of the baptism of Christ.
		In Spain, children leave their shoes outside filled with straw and barley for the magi's animals and hope that presents will be left by the wise man Balthazar.
	www.annieshomepage.com /epiphany.html (2031 words)

	International committee for the Canonization of Queen Isabel the Catholic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As the first sovereign of the American continent, you granted to her heart a sense of piety, justice, compassion, and the vision of new land full of promise.
		William Prescott; History of the Reign of the Catholic Kings; 1855.
		While in fact, the list of Queen Isabel the Catholic's contemporaries and prominent historians of late who are loud in the praises of the Catholic Queen is very impressive both for their numbers and for the praises they render to the Servant of God.
	www.queenisabel.com /isabelhistory_main.html (328 words)

	The Tombs Of Ferdinand And Isabella - Spain Travel
		The Cathedral of Granada was begun in 1529 by the Catholic kings, but remained unfinished.
		It has a great facade, with three doors, ornamented by statues and bas-reliefs; and is formed by five naves, divided by twenty immense pilasters composed of a group of slender pillars.
		The Catholic kings must, of course, have been buried at Granada, where they fought the last great chivalrous war of the medieval ages, and where they commissioned Christopher Columbus to arm the ships that took him to the New World !
	www.oldandsold.com /articles14/travel-306.shtml (618 words)

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