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Topic: Catholicism in China

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	China Encyclopedia Article @ Harshly.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		China is also the source of many of the world's great inventions, including the four great inventions of ancient China: Paper, the compass, gunpowder, and printing.
		China is composed of a vast variety of highly different landscapes, with mostly plateaus and mountains in the west, and lower lands in the east.
		In essence, the history of 20th century China is one of experimentation with new systems of social, political, and economic organization that would allow for the reintegration of the nation in the wake of dynastic collapse.
	www.harshly.net /encyclopedia/China (4870 words)

	China - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		China is one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations, with a history characterized by repeated divisions and reunifications amid alternating periods of peace and war and violent dynastic change.
		On the other hand, the Republic of China, while never formally rescinding its claims, has moved away from its former identity as the ruler of China, and increasingly characterizes itself as "Taiwan", which is also the usage commonly adopted in the West.
		China is also traditionally thought of as comprising North China (北方) and South China (南方), the geographic boundary between which north and south is largely generalized as Huai River (淮河) and Qinling Mountains (秦岭).
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=244908 (4207 words)

	Meteoroloo.com :: China - great wall of china
		The imperial system in China ended with the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC) under Sun Yatsen in 1912; however, the next four decades of ROC rule were noritake china marred by warlord control, the Second Sino-Japanese War (WWII), and the Chinese Civil War.
		The Republic of China as it controlled mainland China, and later, the People's Republic of China, have used Zhongguo to mean all the territories and peoples within their political control (people in the Republic of China china air now usually uses Zhongguo to refer to the PRC and Taiwan to refer to itself).
		The geography of China in contextChina is composed of a vast variety of highly different landscapes, with mostly plateaus china adoption and mountains in the west, and lower lands on the east.
	www.meteoroloo.com /Met-countries-a-b/China.html (5056 words)

	China versus the Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The resilience, and the revival, of this church is something of a metaphor for Catholicism in China up to and during a half-century of Communist Party rule.
		Catholicism in China is a paradox, because it is allowed in China's state churches, but allegiance to the Pope is not.
		The entire structure of the church in China, which is stifled by state-run organizations like the Patriotic Catholic Association, is the real sticking point between Beijing and the Vatican, which has operated from a base in Taiwan since its church leaders were expelled from China in 1951.
	www.gluckman.com /ChinaChurch.html (1640 words)

	Asia Times Online :: China News, China Business News, Taiwan and Hong Kong News and Business.
		All this is no breakthrough, however, in relations between China and the Vatican, and nobody is sure what it really is. Certainly it is something, especially considering that in the days before the Chen visit the government of China expressed, via the state-controlled Catholic Patriotic Association, Beijing's condolences on the pope's death.
		Certainly, the humiliation of China's absence from the prime drawing room of international politics, the pope's funeral, was largely self-inflicted.
		Those believers could be a unique basis for Catholicism in China and in Asia, in a moment where the Communist Party has renounced the right to lead the spiritual lives of the people and has adopted a more relaxed attitude to religions.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/China/GD12Ad05.html (1345 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : The Emerging Church in China
		In 1946, the Church hierarchy was established in China, with 20 ecclesiastical provinces, 79 dioceses and 20 vicariates.
		While China is adopting a market economy — which is particularly prosperous in the eastern coastal areas and major cities — materialism, money-mindedness, consumerism and individualism are prevalent and counter the preaching of spiritual values and morals.
		The Church in China cannot be separated or isolated from the universal Church.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=471 (2172 words)

	Roman Catholicism in China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christianity has existed in China in various forms since at least the Tang Dynasty in the eighth century A.D. (For a full account of the history of Christianity in China up to contemporary times, see Christianity in China).
		However, it is not a Church itself, and, according to Commonweal, neither priests, bishops, nuns or laity are required to belong to it anymore.
		China's Catholics - including its clergy and nuns - are no longer required to be a members of the CPCA.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Catholicism_in_China (753 words)

	Protestantism in China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Protestant Christianity entered China in the early 19th century.
		During the 1840s, Western missionaries spread Christianity rapidly through the foreign-occupied coastal cities; the Taiping Rebellion was connected in its origins to the missionary activity.
		The Protestant Three-Self Patriotic Movement and China Christian Council have affiliations with government and follow the regulations imposed upon them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protestantism_in_China (270 words)

	Viewpoint: Jubilee Year of hope for Catholicism in China
		In a recent return to China, we found strong signs of hope in three areas: the pastoral life of the open church; religious publishing; and developments in Chinese universities.
		He is creating the first diocesan pastoral center in China with the assistance of a lay ministry colleague, a woman who devoted a year to scripture studies in a major Catholic university in the United States.
		The opposition of so formidable a leader chilled the interest of most American Catholics in assisting the church in China, even as the Chinese church struggled to embrace the reforms of Vatican II and to prepare a new generation of Catholics to participate in the moral reconstruction of their country.
	www.natcath.com /NCR_Online/archives/090800/090800q.htm (1524 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| China's tense links with the Vatican
		But despite China having a 13 million-strong Catholic community, dignitaries from Beijing were notable only by their absence.
		China broke off ties with the Holy See in 1951, and even today the nation's Catholics face the choice of attending state-sanctioned churches, acknowledging Beijing as their ultimate authority, or worshipping in secret "underground" congregations.
		So while China's Catholics continue to hope for a breakthrough, in the meantime they are forced to watch secretly from the sidelines as the Papal transition grips the rest of the world.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/4423845.stm (926 words)

	Center for International Studies - China Reference
		Themes include; national identity and China's culture tradition; agriculture dilemma in China's moderation; family and state--hierarchy and paternalism in the ordering of society; the perfectibility of man and the moral role of government; relationship between the individual and society; commercial development in place of industrial development.
		China is poised to become a major superpower in the 21st century.
		It recreates China's complex past, sometimes glorious and other times humiliating, through a dramatic documentary portrayal of the Mongol invasions in the 13th centruy, the Opium War in the 19th century, and the modern reemergence of the entrepreneurical dynamism of China.
	www.umsl.edu /services/cis/resource_library/china_reference.htm (11369 words)

	Asiaweek.com
		Father Liao Hongqing, casually dressed and showing no outward evidence of his clerical responsibilities, is overseeing the construction of a new building to replace the 125-year-old church, named Shou Le (Elderly Delight), that was built by French missionaries during the Qing Dynasty.
		To become a Catholic priest in China means six years of government-sanctioned theological education after high school.
		Hakka people were at the core of the late-19th-century migration from China, and provide a surprising network of links among Chinese communities throughout the world.
	www.asiaweek.com /asiaweek/97/1219/cs6.html (1000 words)

	ASIANOW - Asiaweek
		of Christianity across China is that you see Catholic priests in their 70s and 80s and in their 30s.
		Instead, he gives Catholicism in China an official spin: "The late Deng Xiaoping built socialism with Chinese characteristics.
		What we are doing is perhaps to build Catholicism with Chinese characteristics." Bishop Zhong Quanzhang, a weary but still-vibrant 78-year-old Catholic priest, has a grimmer explanation: "There was a period I call the Dark Ages.
	www-cgi.cnn.com /ASIANOW/asiaweek/97/1219/cs6.html (1138 words)

	Inside China Today, March 13, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The death of Cardinal Ignatius Kung Pinmei has deprived the underground Catholic church in China of one of its most potent symbols of resistance to Communist Party control.
		The former bishop of Shanghai, who died in exile in the United States aged 98, resisted all attempts by the authorities to bring the Catholic church loyal to the Pope under state control following the rupture between Beijing and the Vatican in 1957.
		While China's underground Catholic Church claims up to 10 million followers, the patriotic church loyal to the state claims around four million members.
	www.richmond.edu /~vwang/ps345/art137.htm (535 words)

	Catholicism, holiness and spirituality: Catholicism in China
		The Catholic church is shunned in China; instead, there is an official alternative: the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (known as the CPA).
		The root of the problem, it seems, is that China doesn’t like it when a large group of people want to pledge allegiance to a power outside the country – i.e.
		I believer (could be wrong) that China is the one country where the Jesuits don't have a presence.
	bogners.typepad.com /church/2005/06/catholicism_in_.html (886 words)

	China: great wall of china
		Such users may discuss changes, request unprotection, or create an account.
		In essence, the history of 20th century China is one of experimentation with new systems of social,
		Questions for article: china na antiguidade, great wall of china skeleton, politik china, a timeline for the great wall of china, ancient china population, ancient china cuisine, ancient china four great inventions, ancient china pharmacology, ancient chinese hairstyle, ancient chinia, ancient great wall of china
	winelib.com /wiki/China (4103 words)

	Chinese_Patriotic_Consecrations
		To be able to understand this "Patriotic" lineage one must first learn something about the history of Catholicism in China, especially in this century.
		Below are, in three segments, a summary of what lead up to the "Patriotic" bishops.
		AND THE CONQUEST, IN 1949, OF MAINLAND CHINA BY THE COMMUNISTS
	www.tboyle.net /Catholicism/Chinese_Patriotic_Consecra.html (395 words)

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