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	Cattail
		The cattail is a monocotyledonous flowering plant of the genus Typha in the Typhaceae, cattail family.
		The cattail is a tall plant with bladelike leaves and long cylindrical brown spikes at the tops of its stems; these spikes are the flowers of the plant; the seeds form inside and float on the water, usually to drift elsewhere and start new plants.
		In North America, the native cattail is increasingly being supplanted by the invasive purple loosestrife[?], Lythrum salicaria.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ca/Cattail.html (216 words)

	Typha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cattails or bulrushes are wetland plants, typically 1 to 3 m tall (T.
		The rhizomes spread horizontally beneath the surface of muddy ground to start new upright growth, and the spread of cattails is an important part of the process of open water bodies being converted to vegetated marshland and eventually dry land.
		In North America, the native cattails are increasingly being supplanted by the invasive purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cattail (569 words)

	NPWRC :: Cattail Management Symposium
		Cattail control is difficult due to the large rhizome system that enables the plant to reestablish rapidly after top-growth is killed.
		Cattail emergence was poor in early 1990 due to drouth conditions, so cattails tended to be small, which may account for the reduced control by Rodeo applied on July 5, 1990.
		Cattail residue at Fisk Lake was burned in the fall of 1989 so snow cover during the winters of 1989-90 and 1990-91 was reduced; thus, "winter kill" of some cattail roots may have occurred.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/plants/cattail/thorsnes.htm (1287 words)

	Invasive Plants of Ohio - Factsheet 11 - Narrow-leaved and Hybrid Cattail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Narrow-leaved cattail is a non-native, invasive plant that hybridizes with the native broad-leaved cattail (T. latifolia) to produce the invasive T. xglauca.
		The narrow-leaved and hybrid cattails have leaves that are 1/4 - 3/4 inch across; the native cattail's leaves are wider at 1/2 -1 inch.
		The hybrid cattail is concentrated in the northeast, but may occur wherever both the native and the narrow-leaved species are present.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /dnap/invasive/11cattail.htm (437 words)

	Invasive Exotic Plant Tutorial
		Cattails can be cut with a rotary mower or sheared with a front-end loader on a tractor when equipment can be driven on ice, but airborne seeds may clog equipment.
		If the seed bank of the marsh is dominated by cattails, a new colony of the hardy plants may spring up after the next drawdown of the marsh; other undesirable plants could also take the place of the cattails in the marsh.
		Most cattail marshes must be burned in winter or before significant growth has occurred in spring; these are generally the only times when fuels are dry enough to carry a fire, although frozen ground or saturated soil may impede the fire's progress through the cattail duff.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /forestry/invasivetutorial/cattail_M_C.htm (3048 words)

	Cattail
		Cattails have flat to slightly rounded leaves that twist slightly over their length and can grow to 5 or 10 feet in height.
		Cattails can be partially submerged or in boggy areas with no permanently standing water.
		Cattails spread rapidly because their seeds blow in the wind and float on the water's surface and vegetatively they spread from underground rhizomes.
	aquaplant.tamu.edu /database/emergent_plants/cattail.htm (145 words)

	Natural Basketry Materials Plant Profile: Cattail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Cattail grows in the anoxic soil of marshes where there is little oxygen.
		When both common cattail and narrow-leaved cattail grow in the same area, they are frequently separated by water depth, with common cattail found in shallow water and narrow-leaved cattail in deep water.
		Gather cattail leaves at the end of the growing season once the leaves are full length, but before the tips begin to turn brown.
	www.basketmakers.org /topics/bymaterial/cattail/cattailplantprofile.htm (673 words)

	WDNR - Invasive Plant Species - Common Cattail(Typha latifolia)
		The pistillate and staminate flowers of the common cattail emerge in direct contact with one another, with no gap separating the male and female flower parts; on the flower spike of the narrow-leaved cattail, the pistillate and staminate flowers are separated by a gap 2-10 centimeters in length.
		Cattails can be found in damp soil or shallow water where sufficient nutrients are available.
		Prescribed Burning: Most cattail marshes must be burned in winter or before significant growth has occurred in spring; these are generally the only times when fuels are dry enough to carry a fire, although frozen ground or saturated soil may impede the fire's progress through the cattail duff.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /invasives/fact/com_cattail.htm (1542 words)

	Ethnobotanical Leaflets
		Cattails were used many different ways medicinally, from a topical ointment to an internal remedy.
		Cattails are monocots of the order Typhales, subdivided into two families: Sparganiaceae or the bur-reed family and Typhaceae.
		Cattails are just as variable in other purposes as they are a food and medicinal source.
	www.siu.edu /~ebl/leaflets/cattail.htm (1557 words)

	NativeTech: Cattail Mats
		Sewn cattail mats were often used as exterior coverings of wigwams.
		After gathering and preparing the cattails in late summer, remove and discard the brittle tip and the thick very end.
		Tie either end of the 'stabilizing' string to the end of a center stalk (the desired width of the mat determines where to tie the stalks with the string).
	www.nativetech.org /cattail/matting.htm (527 words)

	Cattail Pond-Business Services
		A marsh, where the cattails grow, is one of nature's most efficient places.
		Cattail Pond filters out inefficiency and waste until all that's left is pure and simple.
		Cattail Pond can work with you and your staff to organize and improve efficiency.
	www.cattailpond.com /Business/BusinessSvcs.htm (285 words)

	Common Cattail, Typha latifolia
		Identifiable as a cattail by its tall, sword-shaped leaves and distinctive fruiting spikes.
		Where Common Cattail and Narrow Leaf Cattail are found together, they are frequently segregated by water depth, with Common Cattail found in shallow water and Narrow Leaf Cattail in deep water.
		Soils: Cattail stands produce enormous quantities of litter; established stands tend to grow on soils with high amounts of organic matter.
	www.rook.org /earl/bwca/nature/aquatics/typhalat.html (1620 words)

	Cattails: Minnesota DNR
		The hybrid has traits that are intermediate between narrow-leaved and broad-leaved cattails, although its spike and leaves may be longer.
		Anyone who has tried to keep cattails in the house without spraying the spikes with hair spray knows this is an effective dispersal mechanism.
		From fall through spring, cattail rhizomes are full of starch and, together with cattail shoots, form much of a muskrat’s diet.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /volunteer/sepoct02/cattails.html (350 words)

	The incredible cattail - "The super Wal-Mart of the swamp" by Kevin F. Duffy Issue 43
		Cattail is a member of the grass family, Gramineae, as are rice, corn, wheat, oats, barley, and rye, just to mention a few.
		Cattails are readily identified by the characteristic brown seed head.
		The medicinal uses of cattails include poultices made from the split and bruised roots that can be applied to cuts, wounds, burns, stings, and bruises.
	www.backwoodshome.com /articles/duffyk43.html (1248 words)

	Common Cattail (Typha latifolia) Species Page
		The common cattail is a large marsh plant that measures approximately 90-270 cm.
		The fruit of the common cattail is a one-seeded follicle with a unilateral opening.
		Dense common cattail thickets are popular nesting areas for waterfowl, and provide protected pockets in which salamanders, frogs, and fish choose to lay their eggs.
	www.bio.brandeis.edu /fieldbio/Wildflowers_Kimonis_Kramer/PAGES/COMMONCATTAIL_PAGE_FINAL.html (304 words)

	Narrow Leaf Cattail, Typha angustifolia
		Typha latifolia x Typha angustifolia hybrids (Typha X glauca), commonly known as Hybrid or Glaucus Cattail, are especially common in the Midwest and may develop extensive pure stands by rhizomatous growth.
		Cattail stands produce enormous quantities of litter; established stands tend to grow on soils with high amounts of organic matter.
		Cattail fruits provide nesting material for terrestrial birds and dry stems may be used by aquatic birds.
	www.rook.org /earl/bwca/nature/aquatics/typhaan.html (1707 words)

	CD Baby: CATTAIL ROAD: 442
		In their first album, Cattail Road's unique blend of vocals, percussion and guitar, spiced with sympathetic violin strains, offers songs about love and life, recounting some of the fears we all face and the simple things that make us human.
		Cattail's style--reminiscent of the Eagles with Southern rock overtones - includes a crisp, danceable sound and soulful, sometimes haunting lyrics.
		The tunes, all written by the lead guitarist with arrangements by the band, vary in tone and format from blues to country to rock and the lyrics are consistently fresh and moving.
	cdbaby.com /cd/cattailroad (496 words)

	Cattails
		The earliest a cattail was recorded as native to North America was in 1836.
		During the last 50 years, the narrow-leaved cattail has spread rapidly, and by the early 1960's, it was the dominant wetland plant in southeastern North Dakota and western Minnesota.
		The picture of cattails was taken by the Twin Groves Virtual Wetlands Team on their field trip in the spring of '98.
	www.twingroves.district96.k12.il.us /Wetlands/Cattails/Cattails.html (337 words)

	Cattail Pollen Pancakes
		Cattails are tall reed-like plants growing in or around water.
		The upper portion of the cattail spike carries the male flowers and the pollen.
		The plant is wind pollinated, and the powdery pollen is quick to disperse with the slightest disturbance from wind or from eager gatherers.
	www.primitiveways.com /cattail_pollen_pancakes.html (717 words)

	Cattail Memories
		I spent countless hours as a child, in the 1950’s, in and around the cattails and the loamy soil of the northeast corner of Juanita Bay.
		They are many and loud and so, waking from sleep, I crawl out from the blankets and walk silently out of the longhouse to my spot where I can see the canoes, their lights dancing.
		I need to sit with the cattail wives to remember their secrets because a new thing has come and many of the fresh water people have gone to live with the ancestors.
	home.earthlink.net /~kruther/Cattail.htm (1530 words)

	NativeTech: Toy Cattail Dolls
		If the cattails are very wide, it may be necessary to split them down the middle (along the dotted line shown).
		Cut the remaining cattails down to half their length, or about 10 inches (bent at the center, this will be the size of a 5 inch doll).
		To form the doll's head, bend 10 - 16 cattail strips (alternating their directions so they radiate from the top of the head) over a small cylinder (little 'pillow') of rolled up cattail.
	www.nativetech.org /cattail/catdoll.htm (292 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Confocal Gallery - Cattail Leaf
		Cattails comprise the genus Typhus of the family Typhaceae and are closely associated with pond margins, bogs, marshes, and other areas of land where the soil remains inundated throughout the growing season.
		Cattails are monoecious plants pollinated by the wind.
		The cattail fruit is a small, tufted nutlet that can be easily carried by the wind when the spike bursts.
	www.olympusfluoview.com /gallery/plants/cattailleaf.html (366 words)

	Narrow-Leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia)
		Narrow-Leaved Cattail is a common plant in most areas of Illinois; it is less common in southern and NW Illinois.
		Narrow-Leaved Cattail is often the dominant plant in a wetland area; sometimes it is codominant with Common Cattail.
		In contrast, Common Cattail has green to greyish blue leaves that often exceed ½" across and its pistillate spikes are larger in size (often exceeding ¾" across and 1' in length).
	www.illinoiswildflowers.info /wetland/plants/nl_cattail.htm (744 words)

	NPWRC :: Cattail Management Symposium
		The status of North American narrowleaved cattail as a native or introduced species, however, still is unknown and awaits a thorough analysis of its genetic affinity with European populations.
		Narrowleaved cattail continued expanding its range into areas west of the Great Lakes in the U.S. and Canada during the early and mid 20th century.
		We were surprised to discover clones of narrowleaved cattail growing along with alkali bulrush (Scirpus maritimus) in some brackish and subsaline wetlands in Stutsman County.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/plants/cattail/kantrud.htm (1451 words)

	Common Cattail (Typha latifolia)
		Common Cattail can survive in badly degraded habitats, although it also occurs in natural habitats that are less disturbed.
		The starchy rootstocks of Cattails are an important source of food to Muskrats.
		Dense stands of cattails provide cover for many wetland animals and birds; many wetland birds nest in cattail marshes and the leaves of cattails are often used as nesting material.
	www.illinoiswildflowers.info /wetland/plants/cattail.htm (689 words)

	Berkshire Taconic :: Wetlands :: Cattail Marsh
		Cattail marshes are one of the most widely recognized type of wetlands.
		Cattail marshes are a very common type of wetland; you can see them from many roads in our region.
		Cattail marshes are a highly productive natural community that provide important ecological functions.
	www.lastgreatplaces.org /berkshire/wetlands/art6452.html (214 words)

	Cattail
		The cattail is one of the most important and common wild foods, with a variety of uses at different times of the year.
		In spring, the cattail shoot has an odorless, tender, white, inner core that tastes sweet, mild, and pleasant—a far cry from the bitter poisonous plants, or the spicy, fragrant calamus.
		Cattail leaves can be used to thatch roofs, weave beautiful baskets, as seating for the backs of chairs, and to make mats.
	www.wildmanstevebrill.com /Plants.Folder/Cattails.html (2095 words)

	Common Cattail
		Big, brawny cattails aren’t domesticated—they’re more suited to expansive wetlands than they are to mixed borders.
		He doesn’t worry about the seeds catching hold and making nuisances of themselves in his yard, because the wet areas necessary for their survival are far, far away.
		Cattails grow in Europe—they’re found in arctic, temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions, throughout Asia and Africa, Central America, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan—so John had encountered them before.
	whatcom.wsu.edu /ag/homehort/plant/cattail.htm (842 words)

	Plants and People - Cattail
		The fibers in the leaves of the cattail were used by many Indians to make cordage.
		Cattail is suspected of being poisonous to grazing animals.
		Cattail stands are important habitat for red-winged flbirds, marsh birds, rails and muskrats.
	homepage.mac.com /cohora/plants/cattail.html (401 words)

	Cattail Mats
		Sewn cattail mats should not be confused with woven mats, a mistake that countless historians made when observing Native American structures.
		Most accounts that actually refer to sewn cattail mats note their handy attribute of being able to be rolled up and taken to the next camp.
		Cattail mats were obviously being made and they were used most commonly on domed wigwams.
	www.uwlax.edu /sociology/Archaeology/students/schultz (1899 words)

	Cattails (Typha latifolia) - A native aquatic plant in Washington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is found growing in dense stands in areas with shallow water or seasonal flooding, or as a narrow band along the margins of deeper water.
		Cattails are sometimes thought of as a nuisance along lake margins.
		So, before lamenting the vigorous growth of cattails along your favorite lake or river, remember what this simple, attractive plant is doing while it’s long slender leaves wave in the breeze.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /programs/wq/plants/native/cattail.html (461 words)

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