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Topic: Caudate

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	Caudate nucleus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The caudate nucleus is a telencephalic nucleus, one of the input nuclei of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
		The head and body of the caudate nucleus form the part of the floor of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
		The left caudate in particular has been suggested to have a relationship with the thalamus that governs the comprehension and articulation of words as they are switched between languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caudate_nucleus (486 words)

	Caudate sonnet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A caudate sonnet is an expanded version of the sonnet.
		Gerard Manley Hopkins used the form in a less satirical mood in his "That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire." The poem is one of many in which Hopkins experimented variations on sonnet form.
		However, unlike the curtal sonnet, a Hopkins invention which is a 10½-line form with precisely the same proportions as a Petrarchan sonnet, his caudate sonnet is a full sonnet unmodified but with an extra six lines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caudate_sonnet (203 words)

	Sonography of the Caudate Vein: Value in Diagnosing Budd-Chiari Syndrome -- Bargalló et al. 181 (6): 1641 -- ...
		of the caudate lobe and the presence and diameter of the caudate
		Caudate lobe of the liver: anatomy, embryology, and pathology.
		Giant hyperplasia of the caudate lobe of the cirrhotic liver: correlation with an anomaly of the caudate portal branch.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/181/6/1641 (2449 words)

	Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum
		There are some regional differences: for example, medial caudate and nucleus accumbens receive their input from frontal cortex and limbic areas, and are implicated more in thinking and schizophrenia than in moving and motion disorders.
		The caudate and putamen are reciprocally interconnected with the substantia nigra, but send most of their output to the globus pallidus (see diagram below).
		Both receive input from the caudate and putamen, and both are in communication with the subthalamic nucleus.
	thalamus.wustl.edu /course/cerebell.html (1725 words)

	[No title]
		The caudate and putamen are tightly interlinked and in some respects are indistinguishable and possess a similar internal compartmental structure of patches and matrix (Graybiel 1986; Gerfen, 1984).
		Thus the putamen and caudate nucleus were formed and began to receive differential input from the thalamus as well as from the neocortex and therefore began to subserve somewhat different functions.
		Indeed, the posterior caudate and it's tail is usually the earliest and most severely effected part of the brain -which implicates the amygdala as a factor in the development of chorea.
	brainmind.com /BasalGanglia.html (13758 words)

	CiteULike: Tag caudate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A neural correlate of response bias in monkey caudate nucleus.
		Caudate stimulation and substantia nigra activity in the rat.
		Intracranial self-stimulation in orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nucleus of rhesus monkey: effects of apomorphine, pimozide, and spiroperidol.
	www.citeulike.org /tag/caudate (731 words)

	Acute Caudate Vascular Lesions -- Kumral et al. 30 (1): 100 -- Stroke
		with caudate hemorrhage, and nuchal rigidity occurred in 67%.
		of the caudate nucleus from the frontal lobe.
		caudate subnuclei and the anterior limb of the internal capsule.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/1/100 (5057 words)

	Functional Domains in Dorsal Striatum of the Nonhuman Primate Are Defined by the Dynamic Behavior of Dopamine -- Cragg ...
		) or in the caudate nucleus: inhibition of
		the anatomically segregated putamen and caudate nuclei nonetheless
		Parent A, Mackey A, De Bellefeuille L (1983) The subcortical afferents to caudate nucleus and putamen in primate: a fluorescence retrograde double labeling study.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/13/5705 (5883 words)

	[No title]
		The basal ganglia is composed of several major nuclei which include the corpus (or dorsal) striatum ("striped bodies") i.e., the caudate and putamen which are extensively interconnected and which project to a variety of brain areas including the immediately adjacent globus pallidus ("pale globe").
		Via inhibition the caudate is able to exert modulatory effects on motor activity and facial-gestural posture and expression, and aids in the maintenance of selective motoric attention, e.g.
		With extensive left or bilateral caudate injuries it is not uncommon for patients to appear agitated, apathetic, with decreased spontaneous activity and slowed and delayed, dysarthric (or stuttering) and emotionally flat speech, with some patients responding to questions only after a 20-30 second delay (Caplan et al.
	brainmind.com /CaudateHead.html (991 words)

	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Neuroimaging Studies -- Neurotransmitter.net
		For example, ventricular enlargement or reduced caudate volume or blood flow might be evident in patients with soft neurological signs (eg, tics), while patients in the current study were relatively free from tics.
		The patient is a 16-year-old-boy with a midline germinal tumor (dysgerminoma) affecting the caudate nuclei; left lenticular, right internal capsule's genu; and bilateral involvement of the interventricular septum close to the interventricular foramina.
		RESULTS: The average sizes of the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus, but not of the thalamus or total cerebrum, were significantly greater in the group of children with streptococcus-associated OCD and/or tics than in the healthy children.
	www.neurotransmitter.net /ocdimaging.html (16643 words)

	Amphibia: Caudata (salamanders, newts, amphiuma, mudpuppies, waterdogs, sirens)
		The tails of most caudates are obvious, being approximately of equal length to the body, however, some may possess extraordinarily long tails (Oedipina, etc.), while the tails of others may be hard to distinguish from an elongate, snake-like body (Amphiuma, etc.).
		Caudates also possess four limbs of relatively equal size, with the exceptions of the Sirens, which lack hind limbs.
		Caudates are found mainly in the cooler Northern Hemisphere, with the exception of some genera of the family Plethodontidae that inhabit tropical zones of Central and South America, and a few other unique species.
	www.livingunderworld.org /caudata (1028 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Scan 'shows if people trust you'
		Activity in the caudate nucleus was greatest when the investor repaid generosity with generosity and most subdued when the investor repaid generosity with stinginess.
		Past studies have shown the caudate nucleus is connected to the brain's reward pathways and that it goes into overdrive when a reward is expected.
		She said the caudate nucleus was certainly an important area of the brain involved in schizophrenia and autism.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/4397269.stm (601 words)

	Caudate Families (Newts & Salamanders)
		Sirens differ so much from other caudates, that they are sometimes placed in their own order, Meantes or Trachystomata, but recent analyses place them as a sister taxa to all remaining salamanders (Mousetrap, 2003; Cogger and Zweifel, 2003).
		Morescalchi, A. Chromosome evolution in the caudate Amphibia.
		Caudate Families, and the Taxonomic Model - General introduction to the ten caudate families.
	www.livingunderworld.org /caudata/families (4764 words)

	Neurophysiological, pharmacological and morphological properties of human caudate neurons recorded in vitro.
		Tissue samples from the caudate nucleus were obtained from eight children (eight to 172 months of age) who underwent hemispherectomies for the relief of intractable seizures.
		Neurophysiological, pharmacological and morphological properties of caudate neurons were characterized by intracellular recordings in an in vitro slice preparation.
		Electrophysiological properties of human caudate neurons that were similar to those of cat caudate and rat neostriatal cells included resting membrane potential, input resistance, action potential rise time, fall time, duration and action potential afterhyperpolarization amplitude, as well as the general characteristics of locally evoked synaptic responses.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_8190275.html (382 words)

	Cognitive Symptoms, X1
		Damage to the caudate, resulting in impaired access to the frontal lobes may also make it difficult for an HD-affected person to understand what is being said; however, the ability to understand usually remains intact, even in the later stages of the disease.
		The task of the caudate is to organize, regulate and prioritize information transmitted from many areas of the brain to the frontal lobes.
		As a result of the damaged caudate, the brain of an individual with HD may not be capable of performing in such a manner.
	www.stanford.edu /group/hopes/diagnsis/cognitiv/x1.html (2458 words)

	Caudate Shape Discrimination in Schizophrenia Using Template-Free Non-Parametric Tests (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: This paper describes shape analysis of the caudate nucleus structure in a large schizophrenia study (30 controls, 60 schizophrenics).
		Although analysis of the caudate has not drawn the same attention as the hippocampus, it is a key basal ganglia structure shown to present di#erences in early development (e.g.
		Left and right caudate were segmented from high resolution MRI using a reliable, semi-automated technique.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /690397.html (407 words)

	Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in survivors of very low birth weight -- Abernethy et al. 87 (4): ...
		of the caudate nuclei and the hippocampus in adolescents born
		Quantitative morphology of the caudate nucleus in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
		Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of the caudate nucleus in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and its relationship with neuropsychological and behavioural measures.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/87/4/279 (2986 words)

	Differential Activation of the Caudate Nucleus in Primates Performing Spatial and Nonspatial Working Memory Tasks -- ...
		the caudate nucleus, whereas the light gray area is the putamen.
		In the present study, the VD task activated the posterior portion of the body of the caudate nucleus.
		Battig K, Rosvold HE, Mishkin M (1960) Comparison of the effect of frontal and caudate lesions on delayed response and alternation in monkeys.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/10/3870 (8205 words)

	Drug Interactions with the Dopamine Transporter in Cryopreserved Human Caudate -- Eshleman et al. 296 (2): 442 -- ...
		Human caudate tissue from non-neurological control subjects was provided by the Brain Endowment Bank (DA 06227; AGO5128).
		The experiments with HEK-hDAT cells were identical to those conducted with human caudate except that the incubation time was 10 min and experiments were conducted in triplicate.
		H]GBR-12935 binding to the dopamine transporter is decreased in the caudate nucleus in Parkinson's disease.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/296/2/442 (5221 words)

	Differential Aging of the Human Striatum: Longitudinal Evidence -- Raz et al. 24 (9): 1849 -- American Journal of ...
		Caudate Nucleus.—; The volume of the head and body of the caudate nucleus was estimated
		of the caudate nucleus, the septal nucleus served as the ventral
		Caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus volume in schizophrenia: a quantitative MRI study.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/24/9/1849 (4785 words)

	Volumetric MRI study of the caudate nucleus in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and ...
		Volumetric MRI study of the caudate nucleus in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia -- Barber et al.
		Volumetric MRI study of the caudate nucleus in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia
		of the caudate nucleus, and the clinical measure of parkinsonian
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/72/3/406 (1329 words)

	caudate nucleus information.
		Differential Activation of the Caudate Nucleus in Primates...
		NPY-mRNA expressions in the nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen and...
		Depletion of dopamine in the caudate nucleus but not in nucleus...
	www.hostkhiladi.com /spellcheck/c/caudate_nucleus.html (162 words)

	Neuroscience-Net-Pharmacology Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		H]YM 09151-2 binding also were detected in the nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle, in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmentum (primarily the substantia nigra pars compacta), in the ventral pallidum and in the external segment of the globus pallidus (Figure 4 and Table 2).
		Although the present data do not allow us to determine the degree of intraneuronal colocalization of dopamine receptors and the dopamine transporter, they suggest that the caudate nucleus, putamen, and the nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle should be closely examined for such interactions and their relevance to the effects of cocaine.
		Numbers in both panels correspond to brain regions as follows: 1, anterior caudate nucleus; 2, anterior putamen; 3, nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle; 4, substantia nigra/ventral tegmentum; 5, amygdala; 6, hypothalamus; 7, medial thalamus; 8, internal segment of globus pallidus; 9, hippocampus; 10, thalamus; 11, external segment of globus pallidus; 12, claustrum.
	www.neuroscience.com /mjk0696/htm/main.html (7584 words)

	[No title]
		A. Cerebral cortex --> putamen and caudate --> globus pallidus --> VA, VL thalamus --> cerebral cortex
		A. The major input to the caudate and putamen is the cerebral cortex sensory regions
		B. The major output of the caudate and putamen is to the globus pallidus
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/anderson/mcbasgl.html (1086 words)

	Caudate blood flow and volume are reduced in HIV+ neurocognitively impaired patients -- Ances et al. 66 (6): 862 -- ...
		Caudate blood flow and volume are reduced in HIV+ neurocognitively impaired patients -- Ances et al.
		Caudate blood flow and volume are reduced in HIV
		in caudate blood flow and volume were poorly correlated.
	www.neurology.org /cgi/content/abstract/66/6/862 (274 words)

	Caudate and Hippocampal Volumes, Intelligence, and Motor Impairment in 7-Year-Old Children Who Were Born Preterm -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Caudate and Hippocampal Volumes, Intelligence, and Motor Impairment in 7-Year-Old Children Who Were Born Preterm -- ABERNETHY et al.
		Caudate and Hippocampal Volumes, Intelligence, and Motor Impairment in 7-Year-Old Children Who Were Born Preterm
		caudate volume percentage, suggesting that this was not the
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/55/5/884 (3544 words)

	Coronal and Horizontal Sections
		These are the caudate nuclei, and the rule for identifying them is simple: if you can see lateral ventricles, you can see caudate.
		The caudate appears to blend into another nucleus (a nucleus is any collection of cell bodies), the putamen.
		In reality, the caudate and the putamen are all one nucleus, which was coincidentally cut in half by the internal capsule.
	thalamus.wustl.edu /course/corhor.html (1651 words)

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