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Topic: Cauliflower Mosaic virus

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	Plant virus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most of the virus types that have been discovered infecting plants are single-stranded RNA viruses, and have rod-shaped capsids with protein units arranged in a spiral.
		This is when, for example, in the Gemini virus genome there is two incomplete icosahedral particles joined as a pair and can contain two circular single stranded DNA molecules.
		Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) are frequently used in plant molecular biology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plant_virus (713 words)

	RECOMBINATION BETWEEN CAULIFLOWER MOSAIC VIRUS AND TRANSGENIC PLANTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF STRONG AND MODERATE SELECTION ...
		Cauliflower mosaic virus was shown to acquire a copy of its gene VI, a gene identified as a translational transactivator, from either transgenic Brassica napus (Gal et al.
		The W260 recombinant virus arose from a template switch during reverse transcription from the 35S RNA to the transgene mRNA that occurred within 67 nucleotides of the 3' end of the transgene mRNA.
		To identify the virus responsible for the systemic infection in plants inoculated with mixtures of the W260 and W260R, viral DNA was purified from each of the N.
	www.isb.vt.edu /brarg/brasym96/schoelz96.htm (4135 words)

	Mosaic Virus -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In 1958, she speculated that the virus was hollow, not solid, and hypothesized that the RNA of TMV is single-stranded.
		Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a small (27 nm, 86S), positive-stranded, icosahedral RNA plant virus belonging to the family Bromoviridae of the alphavirus-like superfamily (Francki, 1985).
		Mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegina and they enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas, but mosaic floors are particularly associated with Roman dwellings, from Britain (''illustration, right'') to Dura-Europas.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/100/mosaic-virus.html (1420 words)

	Cauliflower mosaic virus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is the type member of the caulimoviruses, one of the six genera in the Caulimoviridae family, pararetroviruses that infect plants (Pringle, 1999).
		The human Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the type member of the hepadnaviruses, animal infecting pararetroviruses (Nassal and Schaller, 1993; Seeger and Mason, 2000).
		Cheng, R.H., Olson, N.H., and Baker, T.S. Cauliflower mosaic virus: a 420 subunit (T=7), multilayer structure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cauliflower_mosaic_virus (535 words)

	Say No To GMOs! - Virus Hazard
		This virus gene, they write, has the potential to reactivate dormant viruses or create new viruses in all species to which it is transferred.
		The use of a viral promoter, the infectious part of the virus, seems to be alien to food safety as the usual viral promoter is almost identical to human hepatitis B virus.
		On the other hand, the infectious part of a virus might not be degraded in the stomach and could gain access to gut bacteria or lining cells similar to sporadic viral infection of the stomach or intestines.
	www.saynotogmos.org /virus_hazard.htm (4926 words)

	Virus Diseases Of Crucifers fact sheet
		Although at least six viruses are known to infect cruciferous plants, the two most important viruses are turnip mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus.
		The host range for this virus is not limited to crucifers; the virus also presents problems for lettuce and endive, spinach, and several bedding plants like zinnia and petunia.
		Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is another virus capable of infecting crucifers, and its symptoms have often been confused with those of TuMV infections.
	vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu /factsheets/Viruses_Crucifers.htm (753 words)

	Interaction of the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Coat Protein with the Pregenomic RNA Leader -- Guerra-Peraza et al. 74 (5): ...
		Expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus capsid gene in vivo.
		Cauliflower mosaic virus coat protein is phosphorylated in vitro by a virion associated protein kinase.
		Cauliflower mosaic virus produces an aspartic proteinase to cleave its polyproteins.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/5/2067 (4113 words)

	The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Virion-Associated Protein Is Dispensable for Viral Replication in Single Cells -- ...
		Insertional mutagenesis of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome.
		Infection of turnip protoplasts with cauliflower mosaic virus.
		Aphid transmission and a polypeptide are specified by a defined region of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/76/18/9457 (4697 words)

	Plant Viruses Online - Dahlia mosaic caulimovirus
		Dahlia mosaic is prevalent because it is transmitted effectively by several aphid species common on dahlias, and cultivars with few or no symptoms are important reservoirs of infection.
		Cauliflower mosaic (Brunt, 1966; 1969) and carnation etched ring viruses (Hollings and Stone, 1969).
		Antisera to dahlia mosaic and cauliflower mosaic virus differ little in homologous and heterologous titres in agar gel (0.8%) double diffusion tests.
	image.fs.uidaho.edu /vide/descr281.htm (563 words)

	The BSPP - Publications - Molecular Plant Pathology - Pathogen Profiles - Cauliflower mosaic virus: still in the news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is the type member of the Caulimovirus genus in the Caulimoviridae family, which comprises five other genera.
		Virions are non-enveloped isometric particles, 53 nm in diameter (Fig.
		The genome consists of a double-stranded circular DNA of approximately 8000 bp that is embedded in the inner surface of the capsid.
	www.bspp.org.uk /publications/pathprofiles/pathprofile19.htm (253 words)

	The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus promoter - a hazard in GE plants
		This virus contains RNA which is similar to HIV, Human Leukemia Virus and Human hepatitis B. CaMV is closely related to hepatitis B and is closely related to HIV (the AIDS virus).
		Pseudorecombination is a situation in which gene components of one virus are exchanged with the protein coats of another.
		Virus DNA present in GE plants may recombine with infecting viruses to produce new viruses that may be more infective (virulent) and less species-specific than the original virus.
	www.psrast.org /newvir.htm (454 words)

	15.0.1.0.001 Cauliflower mosaic virus
		Virus is the type species of the genus.
		Virus lost by the vector when it moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector.
		All virus descriptions are based on the character list and natural language translations from the encoded descriptions are automatically generated and formatted for display on the Web.
	www.ictvdb.rothamsted.ac.uk /ICTVdB/15010001.htm (1102 words)

	Virus Diseases of Dahlia - WSU - Sam Smith Endowment
		Virus names often imply a specific type of disease symptom but in practice many different symptoms can be found with any virus.
		For example, DMV has been considered a strain of Cauliflower mosaic virus but our DMV samples are not strains of the latter but a separate virus.
		A virus isolate that causes no symptoms in one dahlia may be devastating to some other dahlia.
	dahlia.wsu.edu /virusdiseases (353 words)

	Research on GM Soybeans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Following an announcement in mid-November that a paper entitled "Cauliflower mosaic viral promoter—a recipe for disaster" was to be published in the next issue of Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, prominent plant scientists circulated their comments and criticisms rapidly on e-mail networks.
		Even though the virus promoter is active in plants, yeast and insect cells, the virus is spread through a limited number of plant families, but these include a number of important crops both crucifers and crops such as potatoes and beans (4).
		The normal replication cycle of the virus is that the virus is spread in its DNA form.
	www.lumenfds.com /gmsoyst2.htm (5067 words)

	"Variation in biological properties of cauliflower mosaic virus clones" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Infectious clones were prepared from virion DNA of three cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) isolates, 11/3, Xinjiang (XJ), and Aust, to investigate pathogenic variation in virus populations.
		Of 10 infectious clones obtained for isolate 11/3, four pathotypes were identified, each producing symptoms in turnip that differed from those of the 11/3 wild- type.
		Virus from two clonal groups of 11/3 was transmissible by aphids whereas that from two others was not.
	www.biotech-info.net /CaMV_clones.html (358 words)

	Andy Maule - Past projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Wang, D., Maule, A.J. (1994) A model for seed transmission of a plant virus: genetic and structural analyses of pea embryo invasion by pea seed-borne mosaic virus.
		Thomas, C. and A. Maule (1995) Identification of structural domains within the cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein by scanning deletion mutagenesis and epitope tagging.
		Thomas, C.L. and Maule, A.J. (2000) Limitations on the use of fused GFP to investigate structure-function relationships for the cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein.
	www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk /staff/andy-maule/pastprojects.htm (512 words)

	Eating Cauliflower Mosaic Virus infected vegetables does not prove that that Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Promoter in ...
		JIC may be exceptional in consuming large quantities of virus infected crops and certainly those laboring at the institute are worthy of fuller study.
		Even if virus infected crucifers could be prepared and consumed as dietary treats the fact is that the behavior and potential hazard of the CaMV promoter in transgenic crops is unrelated to the replication and behavior of the virus in the plant cell.
		In CaMV replication the infecting virus enters the plant cell then transfers a copy of the viral DNA to the plant cell nucleus where it forms a nuclear plasmid that very rarely (possibly never) integrates into the chromosome.
	www.i-sis.org.uk /eatingcamv-pr.php (866 words)

	Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This virus may be identified by using the indicator plant Brassica campestris in which local chlorotic lesions develop.
		Cauliflower mosaic virus Large amount of mosaic on a cauliflower leaf which also shows a deformation of the leaf lamina.
		Cauliflower mosaic virus on rapeseed Severe thinning of the veins on a rapeseed leaf due to Cauliflower mosaic virus.
	www.inra.fr /Internet/Produits/HYP3/pathogene/6camovi.htm (121 words)

	Ribosome shunt is essential for infectivity of cauliflower mosaic virus -- Pooggin et al. 98 (3): 886 -- Proceedings of ...
		Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a DNA-containing pararetrovirus replicating by means of reverse transcription of a terminally
		Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a plant pararetrovirus with an 8-kbp double-stranded DNA genome (1).
		Sequence analysis of the progeny of the mutant virus revealed that the KS sequence was unstable.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/3/886 (4158 words)

	Ask A Scientist - Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)
		(2) In the process of designing a virus to be used for genetic alteration of foods, scientists generally try to cripple the virus so that is unable to produce offspring virions.
		This prevents the virus from spreading through the crop out of control, as well as preventing it from being able to infect humans who may eat the food.
		We don't know until this virus infects the plants how that engineering will affect the ability of CaMV to infect its host, how its host selectivity will be altered, or how the additional genetic information will alter other host-pathogen relationships.
	www.hhmi.org /askascientist/answers/immunology/ans_012.html (634 words)

	DanforthCenter.org
		Calvert, L. A., Ospina, M. D., and Shepherd, R. Characterization of cassava vein mosaic virus: a distinct plant pararetrovirus.
		Kiss-Laslo, Z., Blanc, S., and Hohn, T. Splicing of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA is essential for viral infectivity.
		Sanfaçon, H. Analysis of figwort mosaic virus (plant paretrovirus) polyadenylation signal.
	www.danforthcenter.org /iltab/caulimoviridae/referencesfiles (1131 words)

	Virus diseases of field vegetables
		The aim of the research on virus diseases of field vegetables is to devise effective and durable strategies for the control of viruses affecting field vegetables.
		The aim of this research is to study the dynamics and pathotypic and molecular diversity of natural populations of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in established and transient communities of wild brassica plants (NERC funded).
		The use of virus cross-protection for the control of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in cucurbit crops is currently being examined.
	www.hri.ac.uk /site2/research/path/virus/virus2.htm (770 words)

	New US corn viruses - is GM the prime suspsect?
		http://home1.swipnet.se/~w-18472/jccamvir.htm) was its incorporation of a genetic sequence from the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus.
		First discovered in Georgia, Redinbaugh said the virus has similar symptoms to several corn diseases including maize mosaic virus, maize chlorotic dwarf mosaic virus and maize rayado fino, so it can be easily misdiagnosed.
		Although no MCDV was found in the samples, two other viruses were identified: Maize dwarf mosaic virus and a second virus that had not previously been characterized.
	www.btinternet.com /~nlpwessex/Documents/NewUScornviruses.htm (2299 words)

	Virus Evolution Workgroup: 1999 Workshop Abstract
		Some of the viruses transmitted by vectors in a non-circulative manner may interact with their vector directly via the coat protein (cucumo- and alphamoviruses), whereas others encode for a non-structural protein that binds to both the virus particle and the vector, thus bridging between the two (poty-, caulimo-, waika- and probably closteroviruses).
		The system we are studying is the cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) transmitted by aphids.
		Indeed, the naturally-occurring isolate CM4-184 exhibits a 421-bp deletion in the central region of gene II This isolate does not produce the corresponding HC and hence, though perfectly infectious in the host plant, it is never self-transmitted.
	www.noble.org /virusevolution/abstracts/PrintLayout_1_78873_78873.html (451 words)

	JGV Direct - CaMV GUS vectors (R. Viaplana, D. S. Turner and S. N. Covey)
		Co-inoculation of helper virus with CaMV gene replacement vectors in which replication was prevented by moving the primer-binding site or by deletion of an essential splice acceptor produced only small, randomly distributed GUS activity foci, demonstrating that the lesion-associated foci were produced by gene expression from replicating constructs.
		Since the gene III protein, P3, is produced by the wild-type helper virus to complement the missing protein in the vector, this should negate the requirement for the 1508 splice acceptor in pBjigus2.
		Gronenborn, B. The molecular biology of cauliflower mosaic virus and its application as plant gene vector.
	www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk /jgvdirect/17274/17274ft.htm (4036 words)

	Plant Viruses Online - Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus
		Virus lost by the vector when it moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; transmitted by mechanical inoculation.
		M19740 Em(40)_vi:MCACPPG2 Gb(84)_vi:MCACPPG2 Cauliflower mosaic virus viable recombinant DNA, 3´ flank to ORF (VIII,IV,V,V*) region.
		M32813 Em(40)_vi:MCAAAFCP Gb(84)_vi:MCAAAFCP Cauliflower mosaic virus aphid acquisition factor (3´ end), and coat protein (5´ end) genes.
	image.fs.uidaho.edu /vide/descr184.htm (895 words)

	Risks of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus promoter in GM crops
		Hepatitis B virus, being a pararetrovirus, does not require integration for replication, but its genome has, nevertheless, been found in human chromosomes in liver tissue, and is associated with liver carcinoma
		They are significant in terms of both disease and evolution; beyond that, little about them is known: neither the identity of the original hosts, nor the possibility of linkage between the change in host preference and a specific genetic change.
		Naked DNA may be produced during exposure to GM crops during ingestion of the crop as food, breathing pollen, exposure to cut or wounded plant parts or to exposure to decaying plant material in the field or waste.
	www.btinternet.com /~nlpwessex/Documents/camv.htm (3020 words)

	[No title]
		Co-infection may be beneficial in large populations of viruses because it permits genetic exchange between viruses that is useful in combating the mutational load.
		This first determination of a virus recombination rate during a single multi-cellular host infection indicates that recombination is extremely frequent in the every day life of this virus.
		Experimental evolution of the mode of transmission of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV).
	www.chez.com /remyfroissart (1509 words)

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