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Topic: Causal loops

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	[No title]
		The overall polarity of a feedback loop -- that is, whether the loop itself is positive or negative -- in a causal loop diagram, is indicated by a symbol in its center.
		As these loops are shown in isolation (i.e., disconnected from the other parts of the systems to which they belong), their individual behaviors are not necessarily the same as the overall behaviors of the systems from which they are taken.
		Finally, since causal loop diagrams do not reveal a system's parameters, net rates, "hidden loops," or nonlinear relationships, their usefulness as a tool for predicting and understanding dynamic behavior is further weakened.
	www.systemdynamics.org /DL-IntroSysDyn/feed.htm (3162 words)

	CQM Journal On-Line- Reflecting on Obstacles to Innovation — An Example of Using Causal Loops
		Occasionally, when building a causal loop diagram, you are quite happy with the loop’s intent but find the transition from one factor name to the next in some part of the diagram represents a leap of logic.
		Three of the loop labels from steps 5 were combined to create the causal loop of Figure 12; the three loop labels are shown in the upper left corner of Figure 12.
		Causal loop diagrams illustrate how the major concerns of one participant are directly, or indirectly, related to the concerns of someone else.
	cqmextra.cqm.org /cqmjournal.nsf/reprints/rp13130 (2158 words)

	Robert C. Koons: Phl 327 Lecture #18
		If causal loops are possible, then it could be that God's foreknowledge of the temple's destruction was a cause of the prophecy in 33 AD, and that the prophecy in 33 AD, in turn, was part of the cause of the destruction of the temple.
		In addition, causal loops threaten to lead to bizarre paradoxes, such as the paradoxical time-travel story in which the time-traveller goes back in time to kill his own father in the father's infancy.
		This seems to involve strange causal loops: God determined that He should exist and be all-powerful, and it is His actual existence and omnipotence that enabled Him to determine things so.
	www.leaderu.com /offices/koons/docs/chrphlec18.html (1021 words)

	SoL Online
		Using causal loop diagramming in conjunction with qualitative data analysis, inside members of a research team created a map of the organization's cognitive schema (or collective mental model) from data obtained from informants in the organization.
		Using causal loop diagramming to reveal its dynamics, the study allows a new and deeper understanding of the phenomenon of organizational anxiety.
		It should be mentioned that although the causal loop diagram incorporated all the major themes mentioned earlier, only the loops related to organizational anxiety are examined in the present paper.
	www.solonline.org /res/wp/org_anxiety.html (8062 words)

	[No title]
		In particular, in Loop I, the deterministic causal connections between B and C and C and A dictate that A could occur just in case B does and so the frequency of B in the reference class of A is 1.
		In Loop II, the failure of (5) ((7) in the suppressed notation) is dictated by the loop’s constraints rather than due to the nature of the PD theories under consideration: the loop’s consistency conditions require that the big-space probabilities of nearby outcomes will be independent of the distant setting.
		Similarly, causal connections are better thought of in terms of the so-called ‘block’ universe view of time, according to which future, present and past events are all timelessly real, so that causal connections and processes can be understood in a timeless fashion.
	confer.uj.edu.pl /bell.workshop/doc/berkovitz.doc (13070 words)

	General Theory of Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Causal loops are easy to develop at a relatively high level of abstraction - this means that they can provide an overview of the system you are modeling, before getting down to the nitty gritty.
		Causal loop diagrams are fuzzier, so they can be drawn even if you are not yet clear on every single concept (this is a common state at the beginning of the project).
		Causal loop diagrams are cheap relative to simulation modeling (and cheap relative to an equation-level stock and flow diagram).
	world.std.com /~awolpert/gtr367.html (281 words)

	Michael Tooley's Philosophy Home Page
		Nevertheless, someone who thought that causal loops of one or more of the sorts just mentioned were in fact possible would - assuming the derivations are sound - probably want to run the arguments in the opposite direction, and conclude that at least one of the postulates must be mistaken.
		But the sort of causal interrelatedness is harmless, and does not constitute a causal loop, since, as one goes around the loop, the connecting relation at one point, rather than being that of causation, is instead the inverse relation of being caused by.
		This may happen either because oppositely directed causal processes, though spatially related, cannot be causally connected, or because, though oppositely directed causal processes can be causally connected, there are restrictions upon the possible causal connections that are built into the world, and that preclude causal loops.
	spot.colorado.edu /~tooley/CausationSection9.html (5399 words)

	Time Travel [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The activity of Heloise is causally continuous with respect to her personal time but not with respect to external time (assuming that the continuity of her personal identity is not in question, as we shall discuss in the next section).
		Other philosophers (e.g., Horwich, 1987) argue that while causal loops are not impossible, they are highly implausible, and thus spacetime does not permit time travel into the "local" past (like one’s own life) because fantastic amounts of energy would be required.
		If causal loops are possible, then the objects may interact with the events of the past, but only in a consistent way, i.e., only in a way that preserves the already established events of the past.
	www.iep.utm.edu /t/timetravel.htm (7833 words)

	CAUSAL LOOPS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Often the causal influences of one system on another are based either on direct output-input linkages (customer orders lead to bills which lead to funds collections) or assumptions about linkages that may be less direct (more customer orders lead to higher profits).
		The causal linkages among the less directly connected subsystems are often more difficult to see and may be influenced by other variables that are not controllable by the organization.
		In these cases we should use causal loops to explicitly describe the causal relationships are and to test the relationship by examining data.
	www.regent.edu /acad/schbus/cur/cmba610/cmba610m03/systems_thinking/sld013.htm (189 words)

	Backward Causation
		Causal loops for their part can only occur in a universe in which one has closed time-like curves.
		Moreover, even if one assumes that Mellor were correct in ruling out causal loops a priori, he may be wrong in holding that this impossibility entails the impossibility of time travel as well as backward causation.
		This means that what a normal observer identifies as a forward causal process will be regarded as a backward causal process in relation to the counter-observer in the sense that the very same event acting as a past cause for the normal observer will act as a future cause for the counter-observer.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/causation-backwards (7686 words)

	About Bondgraphs - The System Modeling World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Integral causality to field elements are given in similar manner as in the case of one port elements.
		When there is a loop of junctions connected to each other sequentially by bonds all of which are strong bonds for at least one junction on their both ends, the resulting junction structure is said to form a causal loop.
		Causal loops may also be outcome of hidden differential causalities in the model, which apparently do not show up in system-morphic bond graphs.
	www.bondgraphs.com /about2.html (2628 words)

	Systems Thinking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If a reinforcing loop refers to exponential growth for the company, it may be referred to as a virtuous cycle, but if decline is represented, the loop is a vicious cycle (Senge et al.
		Causal loops may become extremely complicated making it difficult to wade through the minutiae of details to find the source of problems.
		In order to overcome the complicated nature of the causal loops, a classification system was developed which made it possible for an organization to identify its unique situation within a particular category and apply some solutions that are appropriate to it.
	www.wsuprof.com /systems_thinking.htm (4173 words)

	Trade and Enviroment Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Causal Loops are digrams that indicate causal relationship, especially those were feedback is an important element.
		Causal loops are simple combinations of variables and relations.
		Factors in a causal diagram can have a number of attributes: they can be variable, constant, or auxillary and can refer either to rates or levels of activity.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/class/causal.htm (298 words)

	CQM Journal On-Line- Structural Process Improvement at the Naval Inventory Control Point
		Causal loop diagrams complement the LP Method and help overcome this limitation.
		Causal loop diagrams are a technique from Systems Dynamics designed to show the principal feedback loops in a system.
		Evaluation of feedback loops helps explain the dynamics of complex situations.5 There are two basic types of feedback loops, reinforcing (positive) and balancing (negative).
	cqmextra.cqm.org /cqmjournal.nsf/reprints/rp06700 (3700 words)

	Notations for dynamics diagrams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Causal loops diagrams emphasize the causal relationships among things.
		A causal loop is thus a feedback loop of variables.
		For example, the green loop consisting of "need to be right", "seek truth", and "do the right thing" form a balancing loop.
	www.9types.com /epd/causal_loops.html (413 words)

	Dualism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This "causal loop" fallacy argument, that QOT appears to require a foreknowledge of the consequences of present actions, fails as an acceptable logic even on grounds of classical mechanics.
		Second: The "causal loop" fallacy argument fails even to be an acceptable logic in the face of the already accepted physics of relativity.
		We have examined the causal loop difficulty and shown that the arguments are not based on concepts that are consistent with modern physics findings as to the nature of time.
	users.rcn.com /wcri/Dualism (7321 words)

	BrothersJudd Blog: NO WEIRDNESS, PLEASE, WE'RE SCIENTISTS :
		The causal loop is now self-consistent and no longer paradoxical.
		Causal consistency might impose restrictions on what a time traveler is able to do, but it does not rule out time travel per se.
		Because the theory of relativity is known to permit causal loops, chronology protection would require some other factor to intercede to prevent travel into the past.
	www.brothersjudd.com /blog/archives/001790.html (441 words)

	causal
		Model behavior can be difficult to analyze quickly, especially when trying to discover exactly which variables and feedback loops are contributing certain components of behavior to a particular variable.
		This tells us that the oscillations in the feedback loop containing sales effectiveness are driving the oscillations in the variables in the other feedback loop.
		Looking at the causal loop diagram above, we see that the two major feedback loops converge at the variable orders booked, and it is the negative feedback loop through sales effectiveness that creates the major oscillations which are carried over into the positive feedback loop through Sales Force.
	www.vensim.com /causal.html (493 words)

	Systems Thinking - Organisations@Onepine
		Diagrams are constructed - causal loops diagrams or influence diagrams.
		These causal loop diagrams are not the only way to represent systems, the more powerful method of representing systems through the use of stocks and flows often done via computer modelling.
		Feedback loops are the building blocks of systems that are linked together to build more complex systems.
	www.onepine.info /sys.htm (838 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Swinburne (The Concept of God) and Mellor (ch 12, Real Time II) reject the possibility of causal loops on the grounds that they are incompatible with the logical independence of causal facts.
		Mellor in particular argues that argues on the basis of the logical independence of causal facts together with 'laws of large numbers', that causal loops are impossible because they produce inconsistent sets of frequencies.
		In this paper I offer an improved version of his argument, clarifying the relevant independence assumption, but argue nevertheless that it would be preferable to abandon the improved independence assumption in the case of causal loops.
	www.socsci.uci.edu /lps/psa2k/abstracts/phil-dowe.html (110 words)

	Causal Analytics™ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Causal Analytics™ involves using causal loops based on System Dynamics principles to understand the full causal chain that leads to outcomes.
		These are numeric information flow through transactional and other database oriented systems, alphabetic information flow through filing and email systems that propagate textual data as well as binary flow of multimedia information through a given business.
		Target users of this offering are healthcare staff engaged in daily operations that need updates via actionable patient reports, alerts and monitoring that enable their ability to fulfill operational functions.
	home.comcast.net /~pivotport/CausalAnalytics.htm (328 words)

	Centre for Time : Events : Time-Symmetry in Quantum Mechanics
		On Causal Loops in Retrocausal Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics
		I then consider the peculiar nature of probabilities in such loops and the possible implications of this nature for the question of theory choice and empirical adequacy.
		Causality is an effect, quantum determinism and other consequences of the two-time boundary condition perspective.
	www.usyd.edu.au /time/conferences/qm2005.htm (2403 words)

	Systems Thinking as a Language
		Example: In drawing out the relationships between key aspects of a problem, causal links are not only indicated by arrows, but are labeled "s" (same) or "o" (opposite) to specify how one variable affects another.
		One manager was explaining his position, tracing through the loops he had drawn, when a team member stopped him.
		In the language of systems thinking, systems diagrams such as causal loops can be thought of as sentences constructed by linking together key variables and indicating the causal relationships between them.
	www.thesystemsthinker.com /tstlang.html (1219 words)

	Professional activity
		I raise doubts about whether there must be causal loops if reverse causation obtains; but devote the majority of the paper to describing, and dispelling concerns about, various kinds of causal loop.
		I end by speculating that the tendency amongst physicists to avoid discussion of causal loops involving intentional action may have been unfortunate, since intentional action is an excellent way to non-mysteriously bring about what otherwise would have been an unlikely coincidence.
		Hence causal loops may be more likely in a world with beings like us, than in one without.
	udel.edu /~hanley/cv.htm (659 words)

	About Bondgraphs - The System Modeling World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The two gyrators are thus equivalent to a single transformer with modulus and causal orientation as shown in the figure below.
		Since a multibond can accept only one power direction and causal orientation, all the subsystems represented by that multibond must have same power and causal structure.
		Power and causal orientations are maintained, while the composition (out of scalar bonds) and order of the multibonds may be changed.
	www.bondgraphs.com /about3.html (1887 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		TI: A Causal Order for Spacetimes with C^0 Lorentzian Metrics: Proof of Compactness of the Space of Causal Curves AU: R. Sorkin, E. Woolgar IN: University of Saskatchewan AB: Sometimes one wants to study the causal properties of metrics which are not differentiable, and may not even be invertible everywhere.
		With this purpose in mind, we extend the tools of ``global causal analysis'' to cover general C^0 metrics, working with a new causal relation which we call K^+, and formulating extended definitions of concepts like causal curve and global hyperbolicity based on K^+.
		(For example, in a spacetime free of causal loops, we characterize a causal curve simply as a compact connected subset which is linearly ordered by K^+.) Our results have application in a recent positive energy theorem, and may also prove useful in the study of topology change.
	math.usask.ca /~repcom/hytelnet/tre.95.4 (293 words)

	[No title]
		For example, a thermostat controller turns on a heater or cooling system to change the temperature in a room towards a selected "goal." Once that goal is reached, it turns off the heating/cooling system until the temperature in the room again moves away from the goal.
		Furthermore, balancing loops are often the culprits of "resistance" when someone attempts to change the system in some way.
		Reinforcing loops are the "winds of change." They tend to compound or reinforce change in a certain direction (either growth or decay).
	www.stise.com /faq-cld.htm (439 words)

	GET: no closed causal loops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But there are also other important solutions with closed causal loops, like for a rotating cylinder, a rotating fl hole, and around cosmic strings.
		And interesting feature is that some of these solutions have initial values without closed causal loops, and these closed causal loops only appear during the evolution - like in a Kerr fl hole formed by a collapse.
		Why solutions with closed causal loops are forbidden in GET is obvious: the preferred time coordinate T defines a global time-like coordinate.
	www.ilja-schmelzer.de /GET/CCL.html (314 words)

	Causal Republicanism
		All philosophers, of every school, imagine that causation is one of the fundamental axioms or postulates of science, yet, oddly enough, in advanced sciences such as gravitational astronomy, the word 'cause' never occurs...
		The law of causality, I believe, like much that passes muster among philosophers, is a relic of a bygone age, surviving, like the monarchy, only because it is erroneously supposed to do no harm.
		To mark the 90th anniversary of Russell's famous attack on the notion of causation, this conference reconsiders Russell's claim and examines its relation to contemporary metaphysics.
	www.geocities.com /causalrepublicanism (512 words)

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