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	Causality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Causality is the centerpiece of the universe and so the main subject of human knowledge; for comprehending the nature, meaning, kinds, varieties, and ordering of cause and effect amounts to knowing the beginnings and endings of things, to uncovering the implicit mechanisms of world dynamics, or to having the fundamental scientific knowledge.
		Causality is hard to interpret to ordinary language from many different physical theories.
		A system that has some dependence on input values from the future (in addition to possible past or current input values) is termed an acausal system, and a system that depends solely on future input values is an anticausal system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Causal (4500 words)

	A Computational Foundation for the Study of Cognition
		A physical system implements a given computation when there exists a grouping of physical states of the system into state-types and a one-to-one mapping from formal states of the computation to physical state-types, such that formal states related by an abstract state-transition relation are mapped onto physical state-types related by a corresponding causal state-transition relation.
		The causal topology represents the abstract causal organization of the system: that is, the pattern of interaction among parts of the system, abstracted away from the make-up of individual parts and from the way the causal connections are implemented.
		Systems with the same causal topology will share these patterns of causal interactions among states, and therefore, by the analysis of Lewis (1972), will share their psychological properties (as long as their relation to the environment is appropriate).
	consc.net /papers/computation.html (11665 words)

	Causal system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A system that has some dependence on input values from the future (in addition to possible dependence on past or current input values) is termed an acausal system, and a system that depends solely on future input values is an anticausal system.
		However, some authors have defined an anticausal system as one that depends solely on future and present input values or, more simply, as a system that does not depend on past input values.
		Classically, nature or physical reality has been considered to be a causal system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Causal_system (164 words)

	Causal Consulting - Classical physics revitalized
		The two big issues are the concept of equilibrium and the isolated system which are basically one and the same thing and imply that the process is disconnected from any influence of the rest of the world.
		The causal counterpart to Einstein's mass/energy equivalence relation is formulated, and it is found to be a process, not an equivalence.
		Causality in combination with the causal mass/energy process can explain most features of thermodynamics, and even clear away a couple of paradoxes.
	www.causal.st /book.html (1379 words)

	STSC CrossTalk - Understanding Causal Systems - Oct 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Causal analysis is the systematic investigation of a causal system in order to identify actions that influence a causal system, usually to minimize undesirable consequences.
		Regardless of the motivation for causal analysis, all elements of the causal system (as described earlier) should be considered.
		An understanding of the nature of causal systems helps to overcome the generality of CAR and ensure that each potential trigger for causal analysis is handled appropriately.
	www.stsc.hill.af.mil /crosstalk/2004/10/0410Card.html (2262 words)

	Causal Ordering Protocols: A Summary
		Causal ordering of the events a and b means that every recipient of both a and b receive message a before message b.
		This approach is impractical for determining causal relationships because the size of causal history sets is of the order of the total number of events that occur during the computation.
		This is accomplished by modeling the (static) communication path of the distributed system as a directed graph, where the nodes of the graph correspond to the processes and the edges correspond to the direct communication links.
	www-static.cc.gatech.edu /~margaret/cs7100/7100_causal2.html (4070 words)

	ORIGINS OF PATH ANALYSIS: Causal Modeling and the Origins of Path Analysis
		That is, if a causal system is assumed, such as was assumed in his 1920 paper on the inheritance of color, one could use the method of path coefficients to quantify degrees of assumed causality in relation to the system.
		Despite the increasing coining of the phrases “causal modeling” and “causal analysis” over the course of the twentieth century, as will be seen, there appears now to be a growing consensus among writers that “causal modeling” is not causal whatever, and issues of causation should be considered entirely independent from the method of path coefficients.
		As mentioned earlier, it is the nature of the system of variables evaluated in terms of presumed causality, and the extent to which assumptions regarding directionality and independence of errors that essentially defines the model suitable for causal deduction.
	theoryandscience.icaap.org /content/vol7.1/denis.html (11412 words)

	SEP: Probabilistic Causation
		The event B is said to causally depend upon the distinct event A just in case both occur and the probability that B would occur, at the time of As occurrence, was much higher than it would have been at the corresponding time if A had not occurred.
		Causal dependence, as defined in the previous paragraph, is sufficient, but not necessary, for causation.
		‘Causal modeling’ is a new interdisciplinary field devoted to the study of methods of causal inference.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/causation-probabilistic (10497 words)

	THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		According to Wolstenholme (1990), System Dynamics is a rigorous method for qualitative description, exploitation and analysis of complex systems in terms of their processes, information, organizational boundaries and strategies.
		Causal diagrams will help the business analyst identify the major influencing factors of a case study and the feedback mechanism that impacts the case results.
		After completing the case brief and causal diagram, the results were compared to each other and to the learning organization attributes to determine the collaborative manner in which the two methods complement a learning organization.
	www.systemdynamics.org /conf1997/paper167.htm (2268 words)

	Pelican Consulting, Inc. ~ SYSTEM DYNAMICS ~ FEEDBACK DYNAMICS ~ FEEDBACK LOOPS ~ CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAMS ~ COMPUTER ...
		It is a scientific art intended to analyze and improve the behavior of large and complex systems which usually are not amenable to controlled experimentation.
		Figure 3 is a simple causal loop diagram that shows the feedback loops responsible for the widening gap between the rich and the poor worldwide.
		This is the most artistic phase of the system dynamics method: how to modify the feedback loop structure so as to suppress the undesirable behavior modes and generate the desirable ones.
	www.pelican-consulting.com /sysdyn.html (1059 words)

	Circular Causal Systems in Ecology, by George Evelyn Hutchinson
		If a set of properties in either system changes in such a way that the action of the first system on the second changes, this may cause changes in properties of the second system which alter the mode of action of the second system on the first.
		When a circular causal system involving a group of organisms is described in terms of the transfer of some substance through the system, without employing any purely biological enumeration, such as the size of a population, the mode of approach will be characterized as biogeochemical.
		When a circular causal system is described in terms of the variation in numbers of biological units or individuals, or, in other words, in terms of the variation in the sizes of populations, the mode of
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/biogeog/HUTC1948.htm (9534 words)

	Ocaml module for causality analysis of CCS processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Causal is an Ocaml library that offers primitives to extract the causal transition system of a CCS process.
		Programs you can specify with Causal are terms of the Calculus of Communicating Systems (with guarded recursion) designed by Robin Milner to model concurrency [1].
		The idea of extracting the causal transition system (CTS) of a process, is that we want to observe each minimal trace that enables a commit action (an observable).
	pauillac.inria.fr /~krivine/causal/causal.html (361 words)

	[No title]
		This question translates into: Are there some some values of the variables in the system (besides Malaria) such that when those values are fixed, there is some change we could bring about in the value of Bitten that would sometimes result in a change of the value of Malaria.
		Yes, because there are some values of the variables in the system (besides Connected) such that when the variables are fixed at those values, there is some change we could bring about in the value of Call Placed that would sometimes result in a change of the value of Connected.
		Diagram the causal relations between the Accelerator (position of the accelerator pedal), Gear (the setting of the gear shift), and Speed (of the car).
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /course/80-512/website/representing3.doc (1676 words)

	CFAI: Cleanly Friendly goal systems
		cleanly causal goal system: A causal goal system in which it is possible to view the goal system as containing only decisions, supergoals, and beliefs; with all subgoal content being identical with beliefs about which events are predicted to lead to other events; and all "desirability" being identical with "leads-to-supergoal-ness".
		The correct action is for the programmers, by self-examination of their own goal systems, to realize that the reason they want the AI to focus on long-term self-improvement is that a more powerful future Friendly AI would benefit humanity.
		The largest desirabilities flowing through the system originate in the "Future Friendliness" subgoal; thus, most of the AI's present-day actions will be focused on self-improvement, or, in the case of a commercial system, performing tasks for present-day users.
	www.singinst.org /CFAI/design/clean.html (6917 words)

	Causal Type System for Ambient Movements - Amtoft (ResearchIndex)
		The Ambient Calculus was developed by Cardelli and Gordon as a formal framework to study issues of mobility and migrant code.
		We present a type system for the calculus, parameterized by a set of security constraints: static ones concerning where a given ambient may reside, and dynamic ones expressing where a given ambient may be dissolved.
		40.8%: Causal Type System for Ambient Movements DRAFT as of July..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /458602.html (294 words)

	causal or non casual?
		System is causal if output depends only on past and present input signal!!!
		This system is noncausal, since the value of the ouput at present depends on the value of the input in the future.
		You can work the system in prediction mode and estimate the future output based on the present output and on present and past inputs.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?p=1067521#post1067521 (1051 words)

	HOS Based Orthogonal Subspace Algorithms For Causal IIR System Identification (ResearchIndex)
		9 System Identification using a linear combination of cumulant..
		3 Causal AR modeling using a linear combination of cumulant sl..
		1 FIR system identification based on subspaces of a higher ord..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /471388.html (421 words)

	Systems Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Angyal, A. (1969) 'A Logic of Systems', in Emery, F. (ed.) Systems Theory Volume 1 (Harmondsworth: Penguin), pp.
		a system containing a predictive model of itself and/or of its environment, which allows it to change state at an instant in accord with the model's predictions pertaining to a latter instant..." It can be distinguished from a causal system which just looks at historical variable values.] [RSL STACK 18735 d.
		Snow, B. Education in the Systems Sciences: An Annotated Guide to Education and Research Opportunities in the Sciences of Complexity (Berkely, CA: The Elmwood Institute).
	users.ox.ac.uk /~econec/systems.html (713 words)

	About "Poles and Zeros of a Causal LTI System" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Poles and Zeros of a Causal LTI System
		A Java applet that shows the domain of a system whose transfer function has two poles and two zeros.
		The Math Forum is a research and educational enterprise of the Drexel School of Education.
	mathforum.org /library/view/6661.html (72 words)

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