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Topic: Causal theory of reference

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	Naturalism in Legal Philosophy (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		M-naturalists, then, construct philosophical theories that are continuous with the sciences either in virtue of their dependence upon the actual results of scientific method in different domains or in virtue of their employment and emulation of distinctively scientific ways of looking at and explaining things.
		Theory of adjudication is concerned not with the relationship between “evidence” and “scientific theory,” but rather with the justificatory relationship between “legal reasons” (the input, as it were) and judicial decision (the output): theory of adjudication tries to tell judges how they ought to justify their decisions, i.e.
		The new theory of reference tells us that the statute protects sea bass but not whales, yet surely a court that interpreted the statute as also protecting whales would not be making a mistake.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/lawphil-naturalism (8357 words)

	Maxim Lebedev - Causal Reference as the Intersection of Idiolects
		If the term keeps its reference in I1 and receives one in I2, we have to admit that the interaction of two individual processes of the usage of language is a causal interaction, these processes are causal, and the reference of this term in I1 and I2, which marks the intersection, is successful.
		The use of the criterion of support by the system of references is aimed at grasping the intuition, most relevant for theories of meaning, according to which the situation of valid use of expressions of natural language has the form of a situation of existence of the agreement about their use.
		For the referent of the name could be considered as defined, the members of linguistic community should share a certain convention, within the framework of which the certain ways of individuation connect the name with the objects in the world and with experience of the individuals.
	www.philosophy.ru /lebedev/texts/idiolects.html (3531 words)

	loan Causal_theory_of_names - loan-reports.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Such theories have been used to describe reference in regards to all sorts of reference-bearing terms, particularly logically proper names and natural kind terms.
		Weaker versions of the position (perhaps not properly called causal theories), claim merely that, in many cases, events in the causal history of a speaker's use of the term, including how they acquired it, must be taken into account to correctly assign references to their words.
		Causal theories of names became popular during and after the 1970s, under the influence of work by Saul Kripke and Keith Donnellan.
	www.loan-reports.com /Causal_theory_of_names (367 words)

	Marcus, Kripke, and the Origin of The New Theory of Reference
		The New Theory implies that r;- many locutions (e.g., proper names) refer directly to items, which contrasts with the traditional or old theory of reference, which implies that names and relevantly similar locutions express descriptive senses or are disguised descriptions.
		Marcus' arguments for the "direct reference theory" make manifest her discovery of a fifth crucial component of the New Theory of Reference, the concept of rigid designation (although the name of this concept, "rigid designation" was first coined by Kripke).
		In particular, it was Marcus' theory of the necessity of identities, where names flank the identity sign, and the associated ideas of direct and rigid reference that became clear to Kripke in subsequent years.
	www.qsmithwmu.com /marcus,_kripke,_and_the_origin_of_the_new_theory_of_reference.htm (3711 words)

	[No title]
		Simplest theory of meaning is that words mean their definition, and the intension is the definition in everyone's head.
		To refer to an object in the causal theory of \tab reference, you have to causally relate it in the right way to an \tab introduction; not entirely clear whether you have to participate in the \tab introduction or \tab whether I might have just have heard about it from \tab someone.
		Causal theory of reference should say about this scenario in which a change in theory comes a change in reference is that we should have a whole other term.
	www-phil.tamu.edu /~r-sansom/6452006/notes/Hilary_Putnam_on_Explanation_and_Reference.doc (3929 words)

	Reference (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Speakers succeed in referring to something by means of its name because underlying their uses of the name are links in a causal chain stretching back to the dubbing of the object with that name.
		Reference is arguably the central notion in the philosophy of language, with close ties to the notions of meaning and truth.
		Reference, construed as a relation between bits of language and bits of reality, is assumed to be a genuine, substantive relation worthy of philosophical scrutiny.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/reference (9543 words)

	DIRECT, RIGID DESIGNATION AND A POSTERIORI
		In his new theory [Devitt, forthcoming], Devitt distinguishes two main parts of the rigid designa tion theory, the rigid reference in modal contexts (which he argues was originated by Marcus) and the rigid reference in simple sentences (which he argues was originated by Kripke).
		Marcus’ theory has not been widely appreciated as a consequence of Kripke’s misinterpretation of her theory in terms of his false theory of dictionary knowledge as a priori knowledge.
		In my [1995b] I explained the theory of necessary a posteriori identities in terms of object level facts (which are necessary and a priori) and metalevel facts about the relation of statements to the fact stated by them (the metalevel fact being contingent and a posteriori).
	www.qsmithwmu.com /direct,_rigid_designation_and_a_posteriori.htm (15989 words)

	Levine
		To begin with, even if, as advocates of the causal theory believe, psychological activity is irrelevant to the meanings of rigid designators, surely they will not want to deny that such activity takes place, and in particular, that speakers can come to understand, in various ways, what their expressions refer to.
		The Incoherence of Antipsychologism in the Context of the Causal Theory
		No advocate of the causal theory ever asserted that the psychology of scientists was irrelevant to our understanding of science; what they have done, however, is adopt a theory whose Fregean baggage commits it to this claim as an unintended and untenable consequence.
	www.lehigh.edu /~incog/v10n1/levine.htm (3419 words)

	20th WCP: The Ontology of Many-Worlds: Modality and Time
		So the causal chains which lead to us lie in only one world, which means that only one world is actual for us, other possible worlds being given only by our stipulations.
		I believe that Kaplan's theory cannot, and need not, answer it, since it does not commit to the identity of the referents of two demonstratives but only of those referred with one demonstrative.
		As for , we can exclude it if we adopt the causal theory of reference, since in that case we cannot make direct reference into another possible world and so we cannot take 'that poet' in as a demonstrative.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Onto/OntoKach.htm (1982 words)

	Maverick Philosopher Names, Indexicals, and the Causal Theory of Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By contrast, the reference of an indexical depends on the context of use.
		I am not free to fix the reference of 'I' so that it can be used to refer to a person other than me. I cannot stipulate that 'I' shall refer to the woman who is my wife.
		The theory says that the referent of a name-token is whatever directly or indirectly causes its utterance.
	maverickphilosopher.powerblogs.com /posts/1161660698.shtml (1904 words)

	Maverick Philosopher Negative Existentials and the Causal Theory of Reference: Notes on Donnellan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Obviously causal theories are a flavour of object-dependent theories, but one could envisage object-dependent theories where there is no causal relation (perhaps the relation is intentional or something like that).
		Of course, many causal theories assume there cannot be anything in between object-dependent and descriptivist, but this is an assumption that needs to be justified.
		I think it is clear that there is a difference between a causal theory of proper names and a direct reference theory of proper names.
	maverickphilosopher.powerblogs.com /posts/1162006810.shtml (3503 words)

	The Natural View of Scientific Progress and the Failure of t
		The problem with current versions of the causal theory is that they leave us with no way of classifying episodes in the history of science as progressive.
		Advocates of the causal theory have tried enriching the basic account with maxims like the principle of charity or the principle of humanity.
		Finally, I show that accounts of scientific language like those built on the causal theory of reference need to be informed by empirical psychology in order to serve in our classification of historical episodes as progressive or not.
	www.radessays.com /link.php?site=re&aff=r2c2&dest=viewpaper.php?request=48805 (277 words)

	Folder Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A correspondence theory of reference would say that reference consists in the match between our concepts and the things onceptualized as if we could produce our concept of "cat" and refer to cats independently.
		A causal theory of reference just does not work that way.
		On the other hand, the conceptual danger is that any realist theory is designated a "correspondence theory", in which case that description does not tell us much.
	www.driftline.org /cgi-bin/archive/archive_msg.cgi?file=spoon-archives/bhaskar.archive/bhaskar_1998/bhaskar.9805&msgnum=123&start=8529&end=8575 (304 words)

	Cogprints - Biological Kinds and the Causal Theory of Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This paper uses an example from biology, the homology concept, to argue that current versions of the causal theory of reference give an incomplete account of reference determination.
		It is suggested that in addition to samples and stereotypical properties, the scientific use of concepts and the epistemic interests pursued with concepts are important factors in determining the reference of natural kind terms.
		Stanford, P. Kyle and Kitcher, Philip 2000 “Refining the Causal Theory of Reference for Natural Kind Terms”, Philosophical Studies 97, 99-129.
	cogprints.org /3935 (304 words)

	Identity, Reference, and Meaning on the Web
		The problem of reference is inspected in relation to both the direct object theory of reference of Russell and the causal theory of reference of Kripke, and the proposed standards of new URN spaces and Published Subjects.
		In opposition to the direct theory of reference, the neo-Fregean tradition has as its slogan the primacy of meaning over reference, where the meaning of a statement and its possible referents are determined by the sense of a statement and formalized as the truth conditions of its interpretation.
		The use of model theory is considered formal semantics or model-theoretic semantics, which contrasts itself with the ``informal semantics'' or ``real-world semantics'' that in some manner connect the domain to the world.
	www.ibiblio.org /hhalpin/irw2006/hhalpin.html (5717 words)

	Fodor's Asymmetrical Causal Dependency Theory of Meaning
		Prior to actually stating the conditions of Fodor’s theory, an important virtue that any theory of symbols should have is the capacity to be truly or falsely tokened.
		To see this problem, we can turn our attention to the "causal" part of the "asymmetrical causal dependency theory of meaning." A causal theory of meaning traces the meaning of a candidate for a symbol ("X", say) to the things that reliably (lawfully) can cause "X"s to be tokened (Xs, say).
		If his theory did apply to us, "water" would mean water or ___ (where the blank is filled with a pathological cause)—thereby yielding the wrong meaning, and not one "water" has, for us.
	host.uniroma3.it /progetti/kant/field/asd.htm (7377 words)

	Table of Contents
		medieval theories of (Jorge Gracia and Lloyd Newton)
		theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
		quantum field theory — see quantum theory: quantum field theory
	plato.stanford.edu /contents.html (1879 words)

	DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ON HARMAN AND SAYRE-McCORD
		According to Harman, what is the analogy between testing scientific theories and testing moral theories?
		What are the two senses in which Harman thinks a theory can explain an observation?
		What does Sayre-McCord mean by the causal theory of knowledge and the causal theory of reference?
	faculty.washington.edu /wtalbott/phil440/dqH&S-M.htm (198 words)

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