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Topic: Causalgia

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	Causalgia
		Causalgia minor involves the same principle as causalgia major, but milder injury, e.g., injury to the dorsum of hand or foot, nerve root contusion, patient falling from a height on gluteal region resulting in "guillotine" effect, bruising of nerve root caught at the narrowed intervertebral foramen.
		Major causalgia is due to scar formation of peripheral nerves but has a component of high-velocity or high-vibration injury in its etiology.
		This efferent dysfunction is quite frequently present among causalgic patients (at least over 50% of the patients) and is in the form of flexion deformity of the extremity, tremor, weakness of the extremity, and dystonic movements.
	www.rsdrx.com /causalgia.htm (1138 words)

	MBI - Divisions - Division of Comparative Neurobiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Causalgia is a pain syndrome that occasionally develops after traumatic nerve injury and is characterized by spontaneous burning pain accompanied by hypersensitivity to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia) and pain elicited by nonpainful stimuli (allodynia).
		Although the pathophysiology of causalgia is not known, sympathectomy has been practiced for decades as one of the most effective treatments for relieving pain in causalgia patients.
		The focus of her laboratory is to illuminate the mechanisms of causalgia, especially the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the generation of pain utilizing an animal model of peripheral neuropathy.
	www.utmb.edu /mbi/divisions/compneurobio.html (4947 words)

	Neurology Journal Club Aricle #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		C. In 1872 Weir Mitchell (12) proposed that the pain of causalgia was due to two mechanisms: a peripheral mechanism was responsible for the pain in the field of the injured nerve, and a central mechanism was responsible for the extension of pain beyond the territory served by the injured nerve.
		Although these changes might be operative in causalgia associated with peripheral nerve injuries, they are not relevant to those cases of RSD in which the nerve is not injured, and they cannot explain the efficacy of nerve blocks distal to the site of nerve injury or of intravenous guanethidine regional block.
		Sunderland suggested that causalgia is the functional expression of the intensity of the retrograde neuronal reaction in which pools of dorsal horn neurons become converted into foci of abnormal activity.
	neuro.vetmed.ufl.edu /neuro/Journal_Club/Articles/CPS_Art.htm (9516 words)

	Causalgia - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Causalgia (medical condition): A condition characterized by pain and reduced range of motion in the shoulder and hand of the affected arm.
		Causalgia: A complex regional pain syndrome characterized by burning pain and marked sensitivity to touch (HYPERESTHESIA) in the distribution of an injured peripheral nerve.
		Causalgia is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/causalgia.htm (609 words)

	Interrupting the sympathetic outflow in causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy - Editorial British Medical Journal ...
		Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy are poorly understood disorders that most commonly follow trauma to a limb, although they are also seen in other medical conditions.
		Open surgical sympathectomy to relieve pain in causalgia and related conditions is rarely recommended now, not least because less invasive procedures--including endoscopic sympathectomy and percutaneous radiofrequency lesioning of the sympathetic trunk--have been developed, although critical evaluation of efficacy is awaited.[4]
		The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy, which forms the rationale for treatment by sympathetic interruption, has been questioned,[14] and the issues discussed here raise further questions.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0999/is_n7134_v316/ai_20440188 (547 words)

	Phantom Limb and Causalgia: The Tragic Enigmas
		Phantom limb pain and causalgia were two clinical pain syndromes that could not be explained in terms of specific nerve pathways.
		Causalgia, first described by the American physician, Silas Weir Mitchell, was even more puzzling.
		And, remembering that the sympathetic, in its distribution to the limbs, follows the course of the arteries, I asked myself whether, in those case of nerve injury complicated by arterial wounds, it was not the injury to the sheath of the vessel that determined their painful and trophic features--the wound of the sympathetic.
	www.library.ucla.edu /libraries/biomed/his/painexhibit/panel4.htm (1179 words)

	Study Links Abnormal Pain Syndrome To Nerve Cell Changes
		Causalgia involves the spontaneous occurrence of persistent burning pain that begins days or weeks after traumatic injury to a large nerve, usually in a limb.
		He says a classical hallmark of causalgia pain is its "spontaneous occurrence after a completely innocuous event." Cool air on the skin or light touch can set it off, even worsen it.
		One prominent theory of causalgia holds that the region that lost nerve fibers in the injury becomes "supersensitive" to norepinephrine, a normal body chemical involved in sensory nerve impulse conduction, the UNC-CH study finds.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-03/UoNC-SLAP-010399.php (643 words)

	Causalgia (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome) Medical Reference Medical Encyclopedia Information
		Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) is a condition that features a group of typical symptoms, including pain (often "burning" type), tenderness, and swelling of an extremity associated with varying degrees of sweating, warmth and/or coolness, flushing, discoloration, and shiny skin.
		RSDS is also referred to as "the shoulder-hand syndrome," "causalgia," and "Sudeck's atrophy." The exact mechanism of how RSDS develops is poorly understood.
		The theories include irritation and abnormal excitation of nervous tissue, leading to abnormal impulses along nerves that affect blood vessels and skin.
	www.medicineonline.com /reference/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Immune_Disorders/Immune_Deficiency/AIDS/Theories/info/Causalgia-Reflex-Sympathetic-Dystrophy-Syndrome.htm (581 words)

	[No title]
		It was thought that the symptoms were related to the tethering of the distal end of the cord or scarring as a result of the surgical release.
		Although lipomatous tethered cord syndrome was not noted during service and was in fact first diagnosed some 2.5 years postservice, this congenital disease indisputably existed prior to service; this is supported by the March and September 1993 opinions of an independent medical expert in neurology and a VA physician, respectively.
		The date which appears on the face of this decision constitutes the date of mailing and the copy of this decision which you have received is your notice of the action taken on your appeal by the Board of Veterans' Appeals.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files1/9404235.txt (4305 words)

	UCLA NEUROSURGERY \| Pain Diseases & Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Causalgia is a rare syndrome that follows partial peripheral nerve injuries.
		Minor causalgia describes less severe forms, similar to reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD).
		Causalgia is caused by peripheral nerve injuries, usually brachial plexus injuries.
	neurosurgery.ucla.edu /Diagnoses/Pain/PainDis_1.html (293 words)

	Glossary > C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Causalgia - a burning pain often associated with trophic skin changes in the hand or foot, caused by peripheral nerve injury.
		The syndrome may be aggravated by the slightest stimuli or it may be intensified by the emotions.
		Causalgia usually begins several weeks after the initial injury and the pain is described as intense, with patients sometimes taking elaborate precautions to avoid any stimulus they know to be capable of causing a flare-up of symptoms.
	www.footandleg.com /glossary_c.php (567 words)

	C: Conditions & Diseases
		The cause of causalgia is not known but it may be associated with nerve damage, trauma, surgery, atherosclerosis, infection or radiation therapy.
		Causalgia may occur at any age but most often develops between the ages of 40 and 60.
		A number of drugs are used to treat causalgia as well as physical therapy and elevation of the affected extremity.
	www.missionwomen.org /cond_diseases/alpha/c_terms.htm (8231 words)

	CWCE MAGAZINE FOR WORKPLACE PROFESSIONALS - COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME - RSD
		Despite causalgia and RSD being identified as specific entities for many years, the syndrome remains poorly understood and often goes unrecognized for a period of time.
		CRPS Type I (RSD) is a syndrome that usually develops after an initiating noxious event, is not limited to the distribution of a single peripheral nerve, and the symptoms often appear disproportionate to the inciting event.
		Complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia) is most successfully treated when diagnosed early, although diagnosis in early or mild cases is often difficult.
	www.cwce.com /feinbergarticles/regional.htm (4347 words)

	8
		The management of causalgia is not controversial, but certainly the results of the treatment options are far better with the institution of early treatment.
		When the patient with causalgia was examined, the involved extremity was tapped very gently from distal to proximal to demonstrate any “trigger points” of extreme irritation.
		The causalgia that responded to a series of stellate ganglion blocks was usually treated by sympathectomy (fig.46).
	history.amedd.army.mil /booksdocs/vietnam/OrthoVietnam/CH08.HTM (8887 words)

	MedFriendly.com: Causalgia
		Causalgia is persistent and extreme burning sensations, usually in an arm or leg, accompanied by redness.
		These sensations usually occur after partial injury to the brachial plexus (a major nerve in the spine that goes to the arms) or a peripheral sensory nerve (a nerve in the body outside of the brain or spinal cord that provides sensation).
		The peripheral sensory nerves typically involved in causalgia are the median nerve (which goes to the forearm) or the tibial nerve (which goes to the leg and foot).
	www.medfriendly.com /causalgia.html (195 words)

	Washington Acupuncture Center • Dr. Yao Wu Lee
		CONDITIONS COMMONLY TREATED BY Causalgia is characterized by persistent, diffuse burning pain which tends to recur from various stimuli, such as contact with air or drying of a peripheral nerve.
		There is no effective drug for curing causalgia, but some drugs may relieve the pain for a few hours after each dose.
		Acupuncture has been very successful in giving lasting relief from the pain of causalgia When the pain is relieved, the patient becomes able to use the involved part normally and thereby reduce the other symptoms of this condition.
	www.acupunctureflorida.com /condcaus.html (187 words)

	A Model for Clinical Pain in the Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The classic neuropathic pain disorders are the agonizing conditions known as causalgia -- "the most terrible of all tortures", in the words of S. Weir Mitchell, the Civil War physician who first described it -- and reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) (more recently termed chronic regional pain syndrome).
		Usually occurring after nerve injury to a hand, foot, arm or leg, causalgia and RSD may be triggered by any minor injury, by a surgical procedure, or a serious trauma.
		This was the first observation of the chronic constriction injury model: the rat with symptoms similar to causalgia or RSD.
	history.cit.nih.gov /exhibits/pain/5.htm (848 words)

	Causalgia Clinical Trials Listings and Information at ClinicalTrialsSearch.org
		Causalgia Clinical Trials Information presented on Clinical Trials Search is not meant to be a substitute for qualified health advice, calls or professional assistance with a real medical.
		Causalgia Clinical research trials and Causalgia healthcare trials happen in many of places throughout the US.
		Causalgia Clinical Trials and other clinical trials allow volunteers to undergo health treatment alternatives before they are available to the masses.
	www.clinicaltrialssearch.org /causalgia_clinical_trials.html (360 words)

	Types: Pain: Merck Manual Home Edition
		The pain is felt as a constant deep aching or burning, as a sharp and intermittent pain, or as hypersensitivity to touch or cold.
		Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (complex regional pain syndrome, type 1) and causalgia (complex regional pain syndrome, type 2) are chronic pain syndromes.
		Some types of reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia are made worse by activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which normally prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations—for fight or flight.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual_home2/sec06/ch078/ch078c.htm (791 words)

	Interrupting the sympathetic outflow in causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy -- Allan et al. 317 (7160): 752 -- ...
		Interrupting the sympathetic outflow in causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy -- Allan et al.
		Interrupting the sympathetic outflow in causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
		A recent editorial by Schott discussed the treatment of causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/317/7160/752 (1328 words)

	Nosological entities?: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy -- Schott 71 (3): 291 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and ...
		that causalgia was due to an "irritation of the sympathetic" and
		Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain?
		Complex regional pain syndromes (reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia): clinical characteristics, pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapy.
	jnnp.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/71/3/291 (2883 words)

	Causalgia : RSS Feeds : Gourt
		The condition currently known as CRPS was originally described by Weir Mitchell during the American Civil War, who named the condition causalgia.
		In the 1940s, the term reflex sympathetic dystrophy came into use to describe this condition, based on the theory that sympathetic hyperactivity was involved in the pathophysiology (Evans, 1946).
		Interrupting the Sympathetic Outflow in Causalgia and Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy - An editorial from the British Medical Journal written by G.D. Schott.
	www.gourt.com /Health/Conditions-and-Diseases/Neurological-Disorders/Autonomic-Nervous-System/Complex-Regional-Pain-Syndromes/Causalgia.html (563 words)

	Neurovascular Dystrophy in Feet due to Frostbite
		Treatment was focused on controlling the development of wet gangrene and infection, particularly at the toes and waiting for "demarcation" (the separation of living tissue from dead tissue).
		Causalgia, derived from the Greek (kausis, heat + algos, pain), is defined as intense burning pain.
		After three months, four of his five right foot toes were amputated due to infection and demarcation (the 5th toe was amputated about a year later due to deterioration).
	rpm.spinn.net /FootPain.htm (1612 words)

	Causalgia, pathological pain, and adrenergic receptors -- Perl 96 (14): 7664 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
		Causalgia, pathological pain, and adrenergic receptors -- Perl 96 (14): 7664 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		The connection between adrenergic receptors and the pathological pain of causalgia proposed herein is circumstantial.
		The logic for the proposal that an increased expression of adrenergic receptors underlies the syndrome of causalgia begins
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/14/7664 (2438 words)

	Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association Of America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The terms complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I and type II have been used since 1995, when the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) felt the respective names reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia were inadequate to represent the full spectrum of signs and symptoms.
		The term "Complex" was added to convey the reality that RSD and Causalgia express varied signs and symptoms.
		The principles applicable to the diagnosis and management of RSD are similar to those principles applicable to the diagnosis and management of Causalgia.
	www.ncpainmanagement.com /InfoRSD-CRPS.htm (6621 words)

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