
	Where results make sense

Topic: Causes of stuttering

Related Topics

Object orientation

Preben Hertoft

Investment policy

Systemic vascular resistance

Blue Riband

Lexus GS

List of Irish people

Guntis Ulmanis

List of ships of the Canadian Navy

In the News (Sat 26 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Stuttering information - causes, treatments, therapies
		Stuttering is a complex set of behaviours that may involve repeating sounds, syllables or words, prolonging sounds, blocking or hesitating, and avoiding or substituting words.
		Stuttering is a speech disorder in which pronunciation of the (usually) first letter or syllable of a word is repeated involuntarily.
		Stuttering typically is first noticed between the ages of 2 and 5, though sometimes it can be noted as early as 18 months.
	neurology.health-cares.net /stuttering.php (1064 words)

	Causes of Stuttering
		The most common form of stuttering is thought to be developmental, that is, it is occurring in children who are in the process of developing speech and language.
		This relaxed type of stuttering is felt to occur when a child's speech and language abilities are unable to meet his or her verbal demands.
		Whereas at one time the major cause of stuttering was thought to be psychogenic, this type of stuttering is now known to account for only a minority of the individuals who stutter.
	www.habibintl.com /causes-stuttering.htm (372 words)

	The Neurological Causes of Stuttering
		This study showed that stutterers may be using the right hemisphere of their brain when they are talking, which means that the left hemisphere (the one usually responsible for speech) is being interrupted (4).
		When the neural activation patterns of stutters and non-stutters during silent reading of single words were compared, it was shown that although both subjects had bilateral activation of the brain, the left hemisphere of the non-stutterers had more focus, while on the other hand the right hemisphere of the stutterers showed more focus (2).
		In the PET scans of the brain, the stutterers’ brains showed decreased activity in the auditory cortex and hyperactivity in the speech center while reading, which means that stutterer is actually tuning himself out when he is talking, so that he cannot hear the stammering (4).
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/Walker.html (2119 words)

	Causes of stammering and stuttering
		Genetics and neurophysiology: There is some evidence that stuttering runs in families and that differences in hemispheric processing may be involved in either a reduced capacity for linguistic development or a time delay in processing.
		However the evidence is not conclusive that stuttering is inherited or that it is the result of a neurological disturbance.
		It is vitally important that a child who stutters does not come to believe that stuttering is a reason to withdraw from interacting with other people.
	www.shopzone.co.nz /speakeasy/causes.shtml (409 words)

	NSA - Stuttering Info
		Stuttering is a speech disorder in which the forward flow of speech is involuntarily disrupted.
		The precise causes of stuttering are still unknown, but most researchers now consider stuttering to be a neurological condition that interferes with the production of speech.
		Controlling stuttering is a long-term project that begins with acceptance of one’s stuttering and which requires considerable patience and understanding.
	www.nsastutter.org /subcat/index.php?subid=107 (535 words)

	Stuttering
		Stuttering is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is disrupted by frequent repetitions or prolongations of speech sounds, syllables or words or by an individual's inability to start a word.
		Stuttering is different from two additional speech fluency disorders, cluttering, characterized by a rapid, irregular speech and spasmodic dysphonia, a voice disorder.
		Stuttering is generally diagnosed by a speech-language pathologist, a professional who is specially trained to test and treat individuals with voice, speech and language disorders.
	www.nidcd.nih.gov /health/voice/stutter.asp (1263 words)

	Scientific American: What causes stuttering?
		A very influential theory of stuttering, which had its origins in the 1950s and was promoted by Wendell Johnson at Iowa University, proposed that stuttering was the result of negative reactions by parents or other people in the child's immediate environment to normal developmental disfluencies.
		As a result, parents were often advised to ignore early signs of stuttering and told that if left alone, a child would spontaneously outgrow his or her speech difficulties.
		Acquired stuttering, which can develop in patients with brain trauma, strokes or neurodegenerative diseases who previously were fluent speakers, provides clear evidence for the role of neural systems in the control of speech fluency.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=00003C9F-EFAB-1ECC-8E1C809EC588EF21 (830 words)

	The Genetic Causes of Stuttering
		Identical twins, who share all the same genes, are more likely to both stutter (or not) than are fraternal twins, who only share half their genes on average.
		Stuttering is three to four times more common in boys than girls, as is almost every other speech and language problem.
		Interestingly, however, mothers who stutter are more likely to pass on the problem to their children than are fathers.
	www.drspock.com /article/0,1510,5504,00.html (452 words)

	Stuttering - Otolaryngology Health Guide (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Stuttering, sometimes referred to as stammering or disfluent speech, is a speech disorder.
		The exact mechanical causes of stuttering are not completely understood, but it is thought to be a hereditary condition.
		Psychogenic stuttering is believed to originate in the mind in the area of the brain that directs thought and reasoning.
	www.umm.edu /ent/stutter.htm (663 words)

	Stuttering and Science (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Whether or not one is convinced of this, Perkins' review of stuttering therapy approaches and their scientific failings, and his discussion of the nature and causes of stuttering provide some rich food for thought.
		He defines stuttering as "the experience of losing control of the speech mechanism," and goes on to place his trust in the stutterer--rather than the non-stuttering observer--to determine when the subject has stuttered.
		His most controversial hypothesis is that a predisposition to stuttering requires an experience of helpless terror in early childhood related to the sound of one's voice (specifically, being habitually ignored while crying.) This seems to overlook the possibility that a feeling of helplessness could come from the very act of stuttering in early childhood.
	www.mnsu.edu /comdis/kuster/Bookstore/revperkins.html (537 words)

	Mental Disorder Network - Causes of Stuttering
		Because many children who stutter also have a family member that stutters or did stutter, there is reason to believe that some stuttering is hereditary.
		Stuttering is often mistakenly confused with rapid, irregular speech, which is called “cluttering”, and spasmodic dysphonia, which is another speech disorder that is characterized by breaks in voice and caused by involuntary muscle movements of the vocal chords.
		Stuttering is caused when certain sounds are repeated, prolonged, or blocked, interrupting the normal flow of speech.
	www.mental-disorder.net /wb/pages/childhood-disorders/stuttering/causes-of-stuttering.php (422 words)

	Loyola Univ. Health Sys. - Otolaryngology - Stuttering (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Stuttering, sometimes referred to as stammering or disfluent speech, is a speech disorder.
		Neurogenic stuttering is also a common disorder that occurs from signal problems between the brain and nerves and muscles.
		Psychogenic stuttering is believed to originate in the mind in the area of the brain that directs thought and reasoning.
	www.luhs.org /health/topics/ent/stutter.htm (688 words)

	Stuttering - What is stuttering?, What causes stuttering?
		Stuttering is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is broken by sounds that are repeated or held longer than normal, or by problems with starting a word.
		Stuttering is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is broken.
		Such problems caused by the stuttering can be helped with psychotherapy (sy-ko-THER-a-pea), in which people talk about their feelings, beliefs, and experiences with a mental health professional who can help them work out issues that play a part in their speech problems.
	www.humanillnesses.com /Behavioral-Health-Sel-Vi/Stuttering.html (1131 words)

	Stuttering
		Stuttering is a form of dysfluency - an interruption in the flow of speech.
		In many cases, this stuttering goes away on its own by age 5, as the child learns how to speak and how to coordinate the muscles that are used for talking.
		However, if your child's stuttering is frequent, continues to get worse, and is accompanied by body or facial movements, it's a good idea for a speech-language therapist to evaluate your child before he or she is 3 years old.
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/medical/ears/stutter.html (791 words)

	Overton Speech & Language Center - Stuttering
		Nobody knows what causes stuttering, but current research indicates that it is caused by a complex interaction between many different variables: hereditary, physiological, psychological and environmental.
		Stuttering typically begins in early childhood (between the ages of 2 and 5) when speech and language abilities are developing very rapidly.
		While there is no cure for chronic stuttering, if treated early, before the child begins to respond emotionally to the problem with frustration, fear and avoidance, the chances are good that stuttering will not become a life-long problem, and that the child will not even remember having stuttered.
	www.overtonspeech.net /Stuttering.html (388 words)

	[No title]
		Stuttering is a disruption of the natural rhythm and fluency of speech by intermittent blocking, repetition or prolongation of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases.
		The causes of stuttering are not well understood, but experts generally agree it has a genetic basis and involves multiple factors that influence the systems of the brain controlling speech movements.
		Stuttering often develops into blocking, where the first letter or syllable becomes very difficult to pronounce and is in effect "blocked" from being spoken.
	www.lycos.com /info/stuttering.html (808 words)

	STUTTERING
		Stuttering is a common speech problem seen in children.
		Most of the times there is problem in rhythm of speech, in which the person knows, what he or she wishes to say, but at the same time may have difficulty saying it.
		If child suffers from mild stuttering then strong self limited observation is required where he is corrected every time he stutters.
	www.pediatriconcall.com /forpatients/commonchild/Speech_hearing/STUTTERING.asp (236 words)

	Stuttering - Kosmix Topic Page
		The Stuttering Foundation of America provides free online resources, services and support to those who stutter and their families, as well as support for research into the causes of stuttering.
		Persistent developmental stuttering affects 1% of people beyond puberty and has a genetic basis, but despite decades of research, the origin and structural basis of the disorder are unknown.
		stuttering worse by getting annoyed by a person\'s stuttering; giving stutterers reassurance about their stuttering; and encourage the stutterer to talk about his or her stuttering.
	www.kosmix.com /search?q=Stuttering&t=vhealth.all&out=health&lid=goog-ads (298 words)

	Stuttering (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by interruptions in the flow of speech.
		Stuttering (or, "stammering") is a speech disorder characterized by disruptions in the normal flow of speech.
		Stuttering also may be called instead by its technical name "dysarthria" or be referred to by a speech pathologist as "disfluent speech".
	tjsamson.client.web-health.com /web-health/topics/ChildrensHealth/childrenshealth/Development/stutter.html (300 words)

	Tulane University Magazine - News
		Stuttering is a debilitating problem that affects about five percent of children and one percent of the adult population.
		Stuttering is not caused by nervousness or lack of intelligence.
		She will compare stutterers who receive behavioral treatment to those who are treated with a dopamine-blocking drug.
	www2.tulane.edu /EditorialNewsDetails.cfm?EditorialID=562 (530 words)

	Stuttering - Genesis Health System
		Stutterers are different than people experiencing normal fluency problems because a stutterer's disfluency is more severe and consistent than that of people who do not stutter.
		Stuttering usually begins in childhood when the child is developing language skills, and it rarely develops in adulthood with only 1% of the population affected by the disorder.
		The goals of therapy are to reduce stuttering frequency, decrease the tension and struggle of stuttering, become educated about stuttering, and learn to use effective communications skills, such as making eye contact, to further enhance speech.
	www.genesishealth.com /conditions/DetailedDisease/001652.aspx (916 words)

	Causes
		Stuttering probably has more than one cause and these causes probably have a variety of factors involved in them.
		People who persist in stuttering may not be able to reorganize their brains, causing them to continue in life with inefficient pathways for talking.
		Not all people who stutter have improved fluency under conditions of masking or delayed auditory feedback, however, indicating that this theory does not adequately explain the cause of stuttering in everybody.
	www.d.umn.edu /~cspiller/stutteringpage/cause.htm (3219 words)

	Stuttering - Growth and Development - Health Library - Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
		Stuttering, sometimes referred to as stammering or diffluent speech, is a speech disorder.
		True stuttering may occur in a child that has some normal developmental speech problems who is then pressured to speak better.
		Although stuttering may cause emotional problems, it is not believed to be the result of emotional problems.
	www.chkd.org /HealthLibrary/content.aspx?pageid=P02290 (942 words)

	ASHA: Questions & Answers about Stuttering
		Stuttering is the condition in which the flow of speech is broken by abnormal stoppages (no sound), repetitions (st-st-stuttering), or prolongations (ssssstuttering) of sounds and syllables.
		It is also quite possible that what causes stuttering is quite different from what makes it continue or get worse.
		Stuttering typically begins at a very early age (usually between 2 and 5 years), but will occasionally appear for the first time in a school-age child and, more rarely, in an adult.
	www.kidsource.com /ASHA/Stuttering.html (562 words)

	Causes of Stuttering \| Stuttering Help
		Over 90% would recommend to their friends who stutter that SpeechEasy devices are a stuttering treatment option worth considering.
		Before the device, stutterers were reduced to ridicule, shame and embarassment because they stuttered.
		Now, we as stutterers can hold our heads up high and have the confidence necessary to do what we need to do in a speaking environment." Vincent L., 36, User for 12 mos., Holly Springs, NC "I am a 43-year-old woman who has stuttered since I was 8 years old.
	www.speecheasy.com /testimonials.html (2837 words)

	Seasons India :: Child Stuttering - Causes
		The causes of stuttering are not clear, despite decades of research.
		Other tendencies that can hinder a child who stutters include interrupting the child while he is talking, and encouraging (or requiring) him to talk rapidly, precisely and maturely at all times.
		Stuttering is something some people do, but it is certainly not who they are.
	www.seasonsindia.com /pregnancy/kidsstutters_sea.htm (800 words)

	Stuttering: Causes and Number
		One of the triggers for developmental stuttering may be the development of grammar skills.
		A child who is predisposed to stutter may have no difficulty speaking fluently when sentences are only one or two words long.
		For teens and adults who stutter, the symptoms of stuttering tend to be more stable than they are during early childhood.
	www.asha.org /public/speech/disorders/StutteringCauses.htm (0 words)

	Stuttering - Hypnosis can help you to overcome stuttering or 'stammering'
		Stuttering or stammering is a problem with the normal flow and timing of speech.
		Although stuttering is a physical condition, there can often be a psychological aspect linked to it starting, for example experiencing a trauma in early life, or going through a difficult or stressful time, such as being bullied.
		Stuttering is a physical condition, and if you are worried about having a stutter you should speak to your doctor in the first instance.
	www.hypnosis.me.uk /pages2/stuttering.html (455 words)

	- Have a problem stutter or stammer. The How to stop stuttering stammering centre can help
		1% of the population suffers from the effects of a stammer or stutter.
		She had tried many forms of stuttering therapy and was very sceptical before the course.
		During the eighteen years that I had a stutter, I did not want to be mocked, I certainly did not want any form of sympathy, all I wanted was to be treated like the normal person I was.
	www.stammering-stuttering.co.uk (1076 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)