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Topic: Caustic soda

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	Caustic Soda
		Oil Drilling :Caustic soda is used in the oil drilling industry primarily to control the pH of drilling mud's and secondary as a bactericide and calcium remover.
		Caustic soda is used in the process of producing Rayon from bleached wood pulp where its role is to dissolve the lignin which binds the cellulose together.
		Caustic soda is involved in chemical treatment of wood to produce cellulose by the sulphate and soda processes.
	www.chemistrystore.com /Caustic_Soda.htm (401 words)

	ERCO Worldwide
		Caustic soda is used to some extent in all of the chemical pulping processes: sulfate, sulfite, and soda.
		Caustic soda is used in mercerizing and scouring cotton fabrics and fibers.
		Caustic soda is used in several applications by the petroleum and natural gas industry for production (and exploration) and in the processing of products.
	www.ercoworldwide.com /products_causticsoda.asp (657 words)

	How is chlorine made: chlorine production, caustic soda, membrane cell process - Eurochlor
		Caustic soda is an alkali and widely-used in many industries, including the food industry, textile production, soap and other cleaning agents, water treatment and effluent control.
		The caustic solution leaves the cell with about 30% concentration and, at a later stage in the process, is usually concentrated to 50%.
		The caustic soda must usually be concentrated to 50% and the salt removed.
	www.eurochlor.org /makingchlorine (614 words)

	Caustic soda production
		Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) is an important inorganic chemical produced by the electrolysis of salt (or less commonly from natural deposits of soda ash on reacting with lime).
		World production of caustic soda is about 45 million tonnes used to produce a broad range of inorganic chemicals and used in general manufacturing, mineral processing and water treatment.
		Other applications of caustic including for the chlorination (sterilisation) of domestic water and waste, and other domestic market products (including for manufacture of as hypochlorite) at 145 00 tonnes and the manufacture of sodium cyanide at 90 000 tonnes.
	www.chemlink.com.au /caustic.htm (379 words)

	Soda Locomotives.
		The soda locomotives were a kind of fireless locomotive that generated steam in a highly ingenious manner, rather similiar to that of the ammonia motors.
		The caustic soda was reconcentrated either by transferring it out of the tank and boiling it in open vats, or, rather more conveniently, by injecting superheated steam at a high enough temperature to boil off the water in solution.
		The boiling down of the soda lye requires, according to its degree of concentration, more coal than the evaporation of water does under equal circumstances, and disregarding certain advantages which the new engine offers in the economy of the use of steam, a greater consumption of coal must be expected.
	www.dself.dsl.pipex.com /MUSEUM/LOCOLOCO/soda/soda.htm (3064 words)

	Thawing Frozen Caustic Soda Solution in Tank Cars
		As a first step to steaming a caustic soda solution tank car, it may only be necessary to steam the area around the outlet valve with a steam lance.
		Continued heating after the caustic soda solution is liquefied will waste steam and may damage the interior protective lining of the tank car.
		However, it is typical for the caustic soda solution to become cloudy due to precipitated salt.
	www.dow.com /causticsoda/safety/thaw.htm (799 words)

	Caustic Soda
		Caustic Soda produced by the domestic industry is like article to the Caustic Soda imported from subject countries within the meaning of anti dumping rules.
		Caustic soda is an inorganic, soapy, strongly alkaline and odorless chemical and finds application in various fields like manufacture of pulp and paper, newsprint, viscose yarn, staple fibre, aluminium, cotton, textiles, toilet and laundry soaps, detergent, dyestuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining etc. Caustic soda is produced in two forms, i.e.
		In fact, these very exporters of Caustic Soda to NALCO have backtracked on their commitment to NALCO and it is the Indian Producers who had come to the rescue of the company.
	commerce.nic.in /adfin_caustic_soda_eu.htm (10896 words)

	Chlorine production in Australia
		In manufacture, for every 80 tonnes of caustic soda, 71 tonnes of chlorine and 2 tonnes of hydrogen are co-produced.
		caustic soda which is used in the manufacture of paper, detergents and soaps, and in food processing.
		It is worth noting that the state has had a shaky start with a failed petrochemical venture (PICL, to produce 250 000 tpa caustic soda, 350 000 tpa of VCM and EDC).
	www.chemlink.com.au /caustic_oz.htm (1927 words)

	Caustic Soda
		Caustic soda, typically sold by Dow as a 50% solution in water, is an odorless and colorless liquid.
		Because caustic soda is corrosive, precautions should be taken to minimize potential harm to people, pets and the environment.
		Caustic soda, as a 50% solution, is an odorless and colorless liquid that is highly corrosive and reactive.
	www.dow.com /productsafety/finder/caustic.htm (1672 words)

	caustic - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		A caustic alkali is a metal hydroxide, especially that of an alkali metal; caustic soda is sodium hydroxide, and caustic potash is potassium hydroxide.
		Caustic soda's steady price drop prompts switching from soda ash.
		Caustic taking on driver's seat for chloralkali: latest price hike signals caustic soda strength as vinyl chain feels strain.(includes related article on chloralkali company Pioneer Companies Inc.)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-caustic.html (210 words)

	caustic soda
		Chlorine and Caustic Soda are produced from salt and water.
		The dry forms of caustic soda (flakes, pellets, pearls, etc.) are particularly adapted to processes where Caustic Soda is used for fusion where it is incorporated in dry formulations.
		Caustic Soda should always be handled with care by thoroughly trained personnel wearing the appropriate protective clothing and equipment.
	www.hosam.com /ind/causticsoda.html (293 words)

	E538-98(2003)e1 Standard Test Method for Mercury in Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) and Caustic Potash (Potassium ...
		1.1 These test methods cover the routine determination of mercury in caustic soda and caustic potash liquors and anhydrous caustic soda in the solid, flake, ground, and bead form by the flameless atomic absorption method.
		Test Method B requires a preliminary neutralization of the sample followed by a permanganate oxidation before it can be analyzed by an acidic reducing agent with a lower limit of detection of this test method of 0.01 ppm (g/g).
		caustic potash; caustic soda; flameless atomic absorption; mercury; potassium hydroxide; sodium hydroxide; 71.040.40
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/REDLINE_PAGES/E538.htm (295 words)

	Caustic Soda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sodium Hydroxide, or caustic soda, chemical compound NaOH, most commonly manufactured by the electrolysis of salt brine using diaphragm, membrane or mercury cell technology.
		Commonly known as caustic soda, lye, or sodium hydrate, it is available commercially in various solid forms, e.g., pellets, sticks, or chips, and in water solutions of various concentrations; both solid and liquid forms vary in purity.
		Caustic soda solution is an essential ingredient in many industrial operations, including pulp and paper, detergent and the chemical processing industry.
	www.basicchemicalsllc.com /PRODUCTS/caustic_soda/caustic_soda.htm (154 words)

	Conditions ripe for caustic soda hikes - 12/8/2000 - Purchasing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sustained demand for caustic soda, lower demand for chlorine from the derivative markets, high energy feedstock costs, the changing global export market, and other factors are also making an impact on the chlor-alkali price picture.
		Because chlorine and caustic soda are co-products (each ton of chlorine produced yields about 1.1 tons of caustic soda) and are used in very different end-use market applications, supply for one is dictated by demand for the other.
		Rayon-grade caustic soda contracts will then peak at about $309/ton in the first quarter, and level off through the end of the second quarter of next year.
	www.purchasing.com /article/CA139292.html (2194 words)

	Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) Alternative - Magnesium Hydroxide
		Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and lime are commonly used in the neutralization of acidic metal bearing industrial waste.
		The first is that fewer pounds of magnesium hydroxide are required to neutralize the same amount of acid, 37% more for caustic soda and 27% more for hydrated lime.
		Excessive additions of caustic soda and hydrated lime will result in the pH of the waste stream reaching 14 and 12.5 respectively.
	www.premierchemicals.com /corner/articles/caustic.htm (666 words)

	Caustic Soda - SABIC Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sodium Hydroxide, or caustic soda, is most commonly manufactured by the electrolysis of salt brine using diaphragm, membrane or mercury cell technology.
		The largest users of caustic soda are the pulp and paper, detergent, and chemical industries.
		Caustic soda is also used in alumina, oil and gas, and textile industries, mostly for its alkaline value.
	www.sabicamericas.com /caustic-soda (182 words)

	Caustic soda
		The argument of exporter regarding no imports of caustic soda in India during POI is misplaced since the relevant fact is that of fact of exports and not imports.
		Caustic soda is an inorganic, soapy, strongly alkaline and odourless chemical and finds application in various fields like manufacture of pulp and paper, newsprint, viscose yarn, staple fibre, aluminium, cotton, textiles, toilet and laundry soaps, detergent, dyestuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining etc.
		Caustic Soda can be imported under OGL and attracts a basic customs duty of 35%.
	commerce.nic.in /adfin_caustic_soda_1.htm (8974 words)

	Lime in the Soda Ash Industry \| Market Applications \| Graymont
		One of the major sources of soda ash (NA) and caustic soda (NaOH) in North America is the refining of naturally occurring trona ores.
		In the production of soda ash from trona, reacting the bicarbonate containing liquid with lime is one of the processes used to convert the bicarbonates in the trona to the carbonate form.
		Soda and caustic soda solution are essential ingredients in an array of industrial operations, including pulp and paper, glass manufacture, water treatment, flue glass tratment, soap and detergents, bleach, petroleum products and alumina, along with many other uses in the chemical processing industry.
	www.graymont.com /applications_soda_ash.shtml (281 words)

	Caustic Soda, Caustic Soda Manufacturers Suppliers Exporters of Caustic Soda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Suppliers of variety of chemicals, phosphoric acid, caustic soda flakes, liquid bromide, hydro bromic acid, soda ash, caustic potash flakes, liquid bromine, hydro bromic acid, n propyl bromide, citric acid mono, citric acid anhyd, boric acid, formic acid.
		Exporters of caustic soda, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, bleaching powder, sodium hypochloride, caustic soda flakes, phosphoric acid, caustic potash, glycerine, stearic acid and hydrogen gas.
		Exporter of acetic acid, ammonium biflouride, ammonium chloride, barium carbonate, caustic soda flakes, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate, silica granules, modified lignite, potassium chloride, cotton seed hulls and attapulgite.
	www.indianchemicalportal.com /caustic-soda.html (1015 words)

	Efficient Recovery and Reuse of Caustic Soda from Mercerizing Washwaters
		A plant floor study examined mercerizing machines and a caustic soda recovery plant in a textile mill in India.
		It was observed that only 75% of the caustic soda from washwaters was collected, compared to the normal 85%.
		Additionally, the caustic soda recovery plant recovered only 81% of the soda, as opposed to the normal 90%.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/10/09454.htm (388 words)

	Case Studies-Caustic Soda(NaOH)
		Treatment with VenPure™ AC can reduce nickel pick-up across evaporators by 50 to 80%, thus extending the life of nickel equipment by typically 50%, as well as reducing downtime for repairs and maintenance.
		While nickel is an excellent material of construction for caustic evaporators, it is prone to increased corrosion ans errosion at high temperatures and high turbulence in the evaporators.
		The suppression of nickel corrosion is achieved by VenPure™ shifting the equilibrium of the nickel corrosion reaction to the left.
	www.rohmhaas.com /process/naoh.html (180 words)

	Sodium hydroxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An alkali, caustic soda is widely used in many industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, and detergents.
		The caustic soda must usually be concentrated to 50% and the salt removed.
		Of the three processes, the membrane cell process requires the lowest consumption of electric energy and the amount of steam needed for concentration of the caustic is relatively small (less than one tonne per tonne of caustic soda).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caustic_soda (2251 words)

	Caustic Soda by Arabian Alkali Company (SODA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Anhydrous Caustic soda or Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is an important indispensable inorganic chemical which is extensively used in various applications by numerous industries worldwide.
		Anhydrous Caustic Soda is produced by SODA in two forms:
		Anhydrous Caustic Soda is produced by multi-stage evaporation process and transformed into the solid state either as micro spherical particles called Prills (Pearl) or as Caustic Soda Solid (Fused).
	www.causticprills.com /product.html (199 words)

	Caustic Soda concentration
		For several trial runs of different soda concentration put one strip in the solution and time how long it takes to etch the copper off.
		Expose to the UV or not depending on which makes the resist be the state that shields the copper from etching.
		Caustic Soda has a suggested mixure of 7grams in 1 litre of water.
	www.edaboard.com /ftopic92066.html (1436 words)

	The Hendrix Group - corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in caustic (caustic soda)
		Corrosion by caustic (sodium or potassium hydroxide) at all concentrations is easily handled at room temperature with a variety of metals and alloys, including carbon steels.
		Susceptibility to caustic SCC is dependent on several variables, including alloy content, caustic concentration, temperature and stress level.
		Also, depending on caustic concentration, temperature and other environmental factors, including whether oxygen is present or not, ranking of alloys can change.
	www.hghouston.com /naoh.html (1297 words)

	Caustic soda
		This was because chlorine is a by product generated from caustic soda production which itself recorded negative growth in this period.
		Prices of caustic soda and soda ash have remained nearly flat in the Sept99 to Nov 99 period.
		Soda ash and casutic soda prices reflected a 16.5%yoy and 4.6% yoy decline over last year.
	www.indiainfoline.com /sect/chin/updt.html (516 words)

	Literature
		It is a useful guide for engineers and other technical personnel who work with, or design systems for caustic soda solution.
		It is an effective piece to hang in caustic soda solution unloading and storage facilities to emphasize appropriate protective equipment.
		The second demonstrates unloading procedures for liquid caustic soda solution tank cars and the third section explains unloading procedures for liquid caustic soda solution tank trucks.
	www.angus.com /causticsoda/lit (442 words)

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