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Topic: Cavefish

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Northern cavefish

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	Ozark Cavefish
		The cavefish is restricted to areas of limestone and dolomite bedrock containing caves, sinkholes, and springs.
		Ozark cavefish are found in a region called the Springfield Plateau of the Ozark Highlands in southwest Missouri, northwest Arkansas, and northeast Oklahoma.
		Cavefish depend on the outside environment for food and nutrients and when the connection is broken, there is less food available.
	mdc.mo.gov /nathis/endangered/endanger/cavefish (1146 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - To See or Not to See: Evolution of Eye Degeneration in Mexican Blind Cavefish1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The cessation of retinal growth in cavefish could be caused by the failure of the dying lens to produce a growth-promoting factor or it could be due to an independent event in the retina.
		Likewise, after obtaining a cavefish lens, development of the surface fish eye was retarded, the cornea and iris did not differentiate, and the size and organization of the retina was reduced.
		In A and B lineage cavefish, lens cell death is a prelude to general optic arrest and degeneration, suggesting that the lens plays a central role in the loss of vision.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=51639 (6643 words)

	UM Scientists Find Clue to Blindness in Cavefish :: University Communications Newsdesk, University of Maryland
		William Jeffery, University of Maryland biology professor, and Yoshiyuki Yamamoto, until recently a post-doctoral student at the University of Maryland, along with David W. Stock, of the University of Colorado, found that the hedgehog genes are key to the blind fish's failure to develop sight in its embryonic stages.
		The researchers found that blind cavefish have a larger than normal activity of sonic and tiggy winkle hedgehog genes in the area of the embryo where the eye is formed.
		Cavefish embryos were treated with cyclopamine, an inhibitor of the hedgehog-signaling pathway.
	www.newsdesk.umd.edu /scitech/release.cfm?ArticleID=978 (1074 words)

	Cavefish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cavefishes are a family (Amblyopsidae) of fish found in caves and adapted to life in the dark, notably lacking eyes and having a pale or whitish color.
		Cavefishes are generally small, ranging up to 11 cm in length.
		Cavefishes can only be found in caves that have streams running into them; a cave with no inlets (such as Blanchard Springs Caverns in Arkansas) will not contain cavefishes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cavefish (145 words)

	Ghost Fish of the Ozarks
		Like many other cave-adapted animals, Ozark cavefish have lost their skin pigmentation, leaving them so translucent that their blood vessels are visible.
		Cavefish eat bacteria, fungi, protozoans and aquatic insect larvae, as well as mites that feed on decaying organisms brought into the cave by animals.
		There were probably never great numbers of cavefish, and scientists and curiosity seekers who collected specimens may well have contributed to their decline.
	www.nativefish.org /articles/Cavefish.php (832 words)

	Missouri Cavefish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is found mostly in the dolomite aquifers of the Salem Plateau in the South Central Ozarks, with another population in the center of the state.
		Some populations of Southern cavefish are not quite as susceptible--they are found at the bottom of shady sinkholes in several locations.
		Southern cavefish are by no means plentiful, but their range, which extends into four states, over a larger area than the Ozark cavefish range, makes their survival more likely.
	members.socket.net /~joschaper/wsocafish.html (420 words)

	OZARK CAVEFISH, Amblyopsis Rosa U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Cavefish are sometimes available in the pet trade, and there are several documented instances of scientific collectors taking large numbers of Ozark cavefish.
		The largest Ozark cavefish populations occur in caves used by the gray bat, where the bat guano forms the cave's primary energy source.
		The Ozark cavefish recovery plan calls for the protection of caves and recharge areas at Cave Springs and Logan, Arkansas; Twin and Engelbrecht (Inglebrook), Oklahoma; and Ben Lassiter, Kellhofers, Sarcoxie, and Turnback Creek in Missouri.
	www.fws.gov /endangered/i/e/sae1s.html (913 words)

	Int. J. Dev. Biol. Blind cavefish and heat shock protein chaperones: a novel role for hsp90alpha in lens apoptosis
		Optic primordia are formed in the cavefish embryo but they subsequently undergo lens apoptosis, arrest in development and degenerate.
		Hsp90beta, which encodes one of two hsp90 isoforms, was not expressed in the surface fish or cavefish lens, whereas hsp70 was expressed in the lens of both forms, suggesting that neither is directly involved in lens apoptosis.
		In contrast to their effects on the lens, these inhibitors induced TUNEL labeling in the surface epidermis, presumably due to effects on hsp90beta function, implying that the two-hsp90 isoforms may have contrasting roles in cell survival.
	www.ijdb.ehu.es /abstract.04089/a731.htm (324 words)

	Ozark Cavefish National Wildlife Refuge
		Ozark Cavefish National Wildlife Refuge, located twenty miles west of Springfield in Lawrence County, MO, was acquired in 1991 to protect a Federally endangered species, the Ozark cavefish.
		Turnback Creek Cave Spring is located on this property and is the outlet of an underground stream known to contain a population of the endangered Ozark cavefish.
		Ozark Cavefish National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1991 with the purchase of a forty-acre tract located twenty miles west of Springfield in Lawrence County, Missouri.
	refuges.fws.gov /profiles/index.cfm?id=33541 (168 words)

	Arkansas's Rare Species: Resources related to Arkansas natural heritage, conservancy programs, MAWPT, biodiversity, ...
		Distribution: The Ozark cavefish occurs in the Springfield Plateau of the Ozark Mountains in southwestern Missouri, northwestern Arkansas, and northeastern Oklahoma.
		Optimum Ozark cavefish habitat consists of caves occupied by large colonies of gray bats (Myotis grisescens).
		The cavefish lives its entire life in cave streams and is dependent upon high water quality.
	www.naturalheritage.com /program/rare-species/federally-listed/animal-profiles/ozark_cavefish.asp (740 words)

	Sightless cavefish may offer clues to eye growth, Science authors report
		In adult cavefish, all that remains is a collapsed remnant of the eye, covered by a flap of skin.
		By implanting the lens only into one eye of each cavefish, researchers were able to compare the eye-forming capacity of the transplanted lens with the degenerating lens in the same animal.
		The researchers concluded, therefore, that "a change in lens signaling to other parts of the eye is a major cause of eye degeneration in cavefish." They caution, however, that other factors also may contribute to eye loss, and further investigations are underway in Jeffery's laboratory.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2000-07/AAft-Scmo-2607100.php (687 words)

	Look, Ma! No Eyes! It's The Blind Cavefish! :: AquaFriend.Com! :: The Freshwater Fish Hobbyist's Friend! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The blind cavefish is one of the easiest freshwater fish to breed in the home aquarium.
		The blind cavefish is able to navigate around its environment using its lateral line system and something that is rare in other fish: an advanced memory.
		Due to the blind cavefish searching for food nearly all of the time, this fish will be an active and often seen addition to any community aquarium.
	www.aquafriend.com /print.php?sid=72 (1484 words)

	Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals more about evolution
		Cavefish, therefore, are a rich source for the examination of the evolutionary process.
		Subsequent analyses revealed that Oca2 is the gene responsible for pigmentation in the cavefish and that the deletion of a specific exon, or protein- coding DNA sequence, produced albinism.
		What remains a mystery is why the same gene should be mutated independently in all three populations when other genes are also known to cause albinism and why it should be the same gene that causes the most common form of albinism in humans.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-12/nyu-gao121905.php (502 words)

	NORTHERN CAVEFISH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Because of this restricted habitat, the Northern Cavefish is listed as a state- endangered species.
		The cavefish lacks pigmentation and its pinkish color is due to the hemoglobin in its blood.
		The Northern Cavefish received a great deal of press when State Road 37 was widened to four lanes between Bedford and Mitchell, Indiana.
	www.caves.org /conservancy/ikc/slideshow/slide31.htm (198 words)

	Ozark cavefish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Caves which have populations of the Ozark cavefish all have a relatively large source of nutrients, such as bat guano or blown leaf litter.
		Ozark cavefish are able to tolerate the extremely low oxygen content of ground water found in caves.
		The Ozark cavefish is native to the Springfield Plateau of the (Ozark Highlands) (southwestern Missouri), northwestern (Arkansas), and northeastern (Oklahoma).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ozark_Cavefish (321 words)

	Ozark Cavefish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ozark cavefish are considered to be the second most cave adapted fish species in the nation, top honors going to the extremely rare and strangely shaped Alabama cavefish.
		Ozark Cavefish have a slightly flattened head, are translucent to pinkish white, and the internal organs can often be seen.
		Ozark cavefish are thought to be naturally long lived, 10 to 15 years, but they also have a high mortality rate.
	members.socket.net /~joschaper/wozcafish.html (477 words)

	Ozark Cavefish in Missouri
		The Ozark cavefish, Amblyopsis rosoe, is a sensitive indicator of habitat and water quality.
		Unfortunately, populations of the Ozark cavefish are declining.
		The best way to halt further decline in the numbers of the Ozark cavefish is to prevent habitat problems before they occur.
	www.mdc.missouri.gov /areas/hatchery/roaring/ozarkcavefish.htm (461 words)

	ALABAMA CAVEFISH
		The Alabama cavefish is a member of the Amblyopsidae family.
		Cooper (1985) estimated the Alabama cavefish population in Key Cave to be fewer than 100 individuals.
		An underwater species, the Alabama cavefish is less affected by photoperiod and temperature changes within the cave than are surface species.
	ecos.fws.gov /docs/life_histories/E011.html (993 words)

	Semo Port - Environment - Spring Cavefish
		"The spring cavefish is on the evolutionary threshold between more specialized members of its family such as the Ozark cavefish, which complete their entire life cycle in caves and typical surface-dwelling species that rarely enter caves," Pflieger said.
		Two other species of cavefish found in Missouri differ from the spring cavefish in that they are almost colorless and have no eyes.
		Overall, as noted in the Executive Summary, "Spring cavefish in Missouri appear to be currently stable based on data collected during this study and comparison with historical information." The study found the East Spring population is "currently stable" but the West Spring population was lower than previously reported.
	www.semoport.com /print?07_Environment/04_Spring_Cavefish (1569 words)

	[No title]
		The percentage for females of the Alabama cavefish, which is the most highly adapted of the amblyopsids, quite likely is at least as low as the Amblyopsis percentages, and perhaps even lower.
		It appears to be the rarest of American cavefishes and perhaps of all American freshwater fishes, and possibly one of the rarest vertebrates in the world (03,04).
		The southern cavefish, Typhlichthys subterraneus (Pisces: Amblyopsidae) in the eastern Mississippian Plateau of Kentucky.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/esis/lists/e254012.htm (3631 words)

	To See or Not to See: Evolution of Eye Degeneration in Mexican Blind Cavefish -- Jeffery et al. 43 (4): 531 -- ...
		A, B. An adult Pachón cavefish with a restored eye on one side resulting from transplantation of a surface fish lens into the optic cup during embryogenesis.
		Surface fish (left) and cavefish (right) embryos at the optic vesicle stage showing a relative decrease in the Pax6 (dark shaded) and increase in the Pax2 (light shaded) expression domains respectively in the small cavefish optic vesicles (OV).
		In A and B lineage cavefish, lens cell death is a prelude to
	icb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/43/4/531 (5354 words)

	EPA: Pesticides - Stone County, Missouri
		The existing Ozark cavefish population is highly localized; nearly two-thirds of the known individuals are thought to inhabit a single cave in Arkansas, where up to 100 fish have been observed in one area.
		The decline of the Ozark cavefish may be due to degradation of subsurface water, possibly from sinkholes in the soluble limestone or from heavy agricultural use where animal waste seeps into the ground water or flows in from outside streams.
		For example, it is thought that a scientific collection in the 1930's may be responsible for the very low population of cavefish in one Arkansas cave.
	www.epa.gov /espp/missouri/stone.htm (629 words)

	cooltech.iafrica.com \| coolscience Secret of the cavefish brought to light
		The blind cavefish, a curiosity of nature, has a clever genetic trick that destroys its sight, thus giving itself an advantage in a pitch-dark watery world, scientists believe.
		Soon after the cavefish starts developing in the egg, its eyes begin to degenerate and the fish is born blind.
		By being born blind, the cavefish does not waste energy or brainpower on eyesight, a faculty that is useless in total darkness.
	cooltech.iafrica.com /science/353289.htm (372 words)

	Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The northern cavefish is a troglobitic (obligate cave dwelling) fish found in caves throughout southern Indiana and central Kentucky.
		This fish is not a federally endangered species, but it is listed as a species of special concern by both Indiana and Kentucky because it is found in only a small number of caves, most populations are quite small, and it has a very low reproductive rate.
		As a state endangered species, the northern cavefish is protected by state wildlife regulations and a permit is required to handle it.
	www.louisville.edu /~jrmcca02/Research.htm (132 words)

	News in Science - Blind fish reveal eye growth factors - 31/07/2000
		The current issue of Science reports on the experiment involving a ghostly pale, sightless cavefish which normally develops shrunken, degenerate orbs in place of eyes.
		The researchers found that young cavefish developed a normal eye after receiving the lens of a sighted, surface-dwelling fish of the same species.
		Jeffery and coauthor Yoshiyuki Yamamoto can't be certain yet whether developing cavefish gain sight after lens transplantation but the experiments with these small dark-dwelling creatures paves the way forward for testing various potential eye-growth factors.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s156871.htm (608 words)

	Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Maryland
		Development and evolution of craniofacial patterning is mediated by eye-dependent and –independent processes in the cavefish Astyanax.
		Evolution of pigment cell regression in the cavefish Astyanax: A late step in melanogenesis.
		Blind cavefish and heat shock protein chaperones: A novel role for hsp90a in lens apoptosis.
	www.life.umd.edu /biology/faculty/jeffery (667 words)

	Doctoral student tracks changing cavefish
		Banded sculpin, or blind cavefish, are adapting to the light-deprived environments that they have moved into.
		And for Gianetta "Ginny" L. Adams, a doctoral student in zoology at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, these fish are giving her the chance to track the transition.
		The cavefish (Cottus carolinae) are widespread throughout the southeastern United States.
	www.siu.edu /backissues/000330 (470 words)

	IngentaConnect Cavefish as a Model System in Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The polarity of evolutionary changes and the environmental conditions leading to the cavefish phenotype are known with certainty, and several different cavefish populations have evolved constructive and regressive changes independently.
		Although adult cavefish lack functional eyes, small eye primordia are formed during embryogenesis, which later arrest in development, degenerate, and sink into the orbit.
		Accordingly, an eye with restored cornea, iris, and retinal photoreceptor cells is formed when a surface fish lens is transplanted into a cavefish optic cup, indicating that cavefish optic tissues have conserved the ability to respond to lens signaling.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/ap/db/2001/00000231/00000001/art00121 (370 words)

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