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Topic: Cedar forests

	Cedar Swamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Cedar swamps may also be considered lowland coniferous forest.
		Sphagnum moss is nearly as dominant on the forest floor as cedar is in the canopy of the forest.
		Cedar swamps are a relatively stable forest type in Leelanau County, well adapted to local conditions.
	www.leelanau.cc /naturalres0041.asp (757 words)

	CEDARS OF LEBANON
		"Cedar was thought to be the prize which all the states of the Near East coveted, and for which the empires of Egypt and Mesopotamia were prepared to fight." [Meiggs, p.55] Accounts abound concerning the diminution of cedar timber in the mountains of Lebanon as a result of tribute payments.
		Cedar, delicate in its reproductive requirements and slow to mature is especially ill equipped to colonize in regenerating formations used as goat pasture." [Mikesell, p.25] Although the Phoenicians were largely responsible for the cedar lumber's extensive trade and consequent scarcity, they also, quite possibly, helped to preserve what exists today.
		Cedar wood was used as a means of control, in the form of taxation, as well as leverage, in the form of timber sanctions on Egypt.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/cedar.htm (5064 words)

	Types of old-growth forests - descriptions: Minnesota DNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Black ash forests are found in wet areas, occurring in narrow bands at wetland margins and along streams, or as larger tracts in depressions or where groundwater seeps to the surface.
		This forest type is largely restricted to northeastern and north-central Minnesota, with the white pine subtype also found along steep slopes and knobs of creek and river valleys in the southeast.
		Old-growth pine forests usually consist of distinct age groups that are established after a disturbance that clears the ground of old needles, leaves and brush, or opens the canopy.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /forests/oldgrowth/types_detail.html (2296 words)

	Cedar (tree) - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Cedar (tree), common name for three or four species of large trees native to mountainous areas of North Africa and Asia.
		Incense Cedar, common name for an evergreen tree (a tree that retains its foliage throughout the year) native to western North America, where it...
		Lebanon’s forests of cedar trees were famed in antiquity, but intensive logging over the centuries has reduced the forests to a fraction of their...
	encarta.msn.com /Cedar_(tree).html (121 words)

	CHAPTER 7- A CASE STUDY: ATLANTIC WHITE CEDAR WETLANDS IN DARE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA. BY: Julie H. Moore and Aimlee D. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The most extensive white cedar forests extant in North Carolina, and probably in the world, are located in the Dare County peatlands east of the Alligator River, in the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge.
		The cedar swamp forests along the Alligator River are nonalluvial in the sense that the Alligator is an estuary or embayed stream that neither transports a heavy sediment load nor has frequent high overbank flows.
		The white cedar stands upstream from Milltail Lake, to the southeast of Sawyer Lake, and to the north and southeast of Whipping Creek Lake are the only ones on the Dare peninsula that are associated with streams or bodies of water.
	uio.mbl.edu /awc/AWCbook/cp7.html (5344 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Cedar Tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		In Lev., xiv, 4, 6, 49, 52, and Num., xix, 6, the cedar of Libanus seems out of the question, as the tree must be one whose wood the Israelites could readily obtain during their sojourn in the desert, which is plainly not the case with the cedar of Libanus.
		The cedar is described as a tree "of a high stature" (Ezekiel 31:3; Isaiah 2:13; 37:24; 2 Kings 19:23), whose "height was exalted above all the trees of the country" (Ezekiel 31:5; cf.
		The statement that the cedar is unsuitable for masting rests on insufficient observation; in dense growths trees suitable for masts are not uncommon.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03473a.htm (874 words)

	Death of Cedar Trees Cause Great Concern - March 19, 1998
		Another factor was decaying of cedar stems and roots as a result of fungal infections.
		Another fungus of the genus Cercospora was attributed to the death of cedar forests in Maralal.
		They also say re-establishing cedar forests by, for example prioritizing the planting of cedar during national tree planting days, and keeping out livestock from the forests are other measures that can be taken to avert the catastrophic loss of the country's cedar forests.
	www.afae.org /html/dailynation.html (973 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests (PA0513)
		The Atlas cedar forests are characterized by the presence of a significant number of unique ecotypes of sub-Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian tree and shrub species, which reach their southernmost range limits here.
		It is difficult to establish a reliable chronology for the intense forest clearance of the North African moist conifer and broadleaf mixed forests.
		Forest stands of considerable size occurred in this region in Roman times (as it is reported by Strabo, Herodotus and Pliny) and in medieval times (as it is reported from the descriptions written by Leo Africanus).
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0513_full.html (3438 words)

	Cedar of Lebanon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The Cedar of Lebanon, Cedrus Libani, is an evergreen of the family Pinaceae.
		The bark of the Cedar of Lebanon is dark gray and exudes a gum of balsam which makes the wound so fragrant that to walk in a grove of cedars is an utmost delight.
		The average temperatures that occur in the land of the cedar are as follows: as low as -4.5 to 5.4 C on the coldest month i.e.
	www.cedarland.org /cedar.html (1822 words)

	Cedar Creek Habitats, Conservation, and Wildlife
		A moist white cedar forest has been part of the Cedar Creek area for a thousand years, and it now forms the southernmost community of this type in Minnesota.
		Cedar Bog Lake is the modern remnant of an ancient lake that covered large parts of this area during glacial times.
		Beckman is a pristine bog lake with a floating margin of sphagnum moss, insect-eating plants, and a damp fl spruce forest.
	www.cedarcreek.umn.edu /wicc/wicc2.html (954 words)

	Northern Wetbelt Forests of British Columbia ~ Canopy Studies Synopsis
		In contrast, within older wet-belt forest stands, not only do individual trees attain greater stature, but the forest stand is characterized by gaps, created by past treefall events, where sun flecks can penetrate through the canopy to the humid environment near the forest floor surface.
		In the upper canopy of cedar-hemlock forests, where exposure to sun and wind creates drier conditions for growth, the more dessication tolerant hair lichens are abundant, providing a valuable forage source for mountain caribou when blown to the forest floor surface.
		Thus forests that develop in wet or protected microsites, such as in toe-slope positions or in protected side-valleys where fire occurs less frequently, often contain more diverse canopy lichen communities, including many rare species, for some of the Calcicoid lichens, that normally have more oceanic affinities.
	web.unbc.ca /~wetbelt/canopy-synopsis.htm (976 words)

	About Cedar
		Cedar and our Southern Cypress products are an all around safer, healthier, natural alternative for patio furniture and outdoor dining sets than other wood materials that have been treated with chemical preservatives.
		Western Red Cedars grow also in the drier interior forests of British Columbia, Washington, Idaho and Montana where they are smaller in stature with a tight knotted growth characteristic.
		Cedars rarely grow in pure stands but are generally found in association with other species.
	www.cedarwoodfurniture.com /cedarfacts.html (1296 words)

	Japanese Cedar Trees and Timber Trade
		The Japanese cedar, formally known as Cryptomeria japonica, was especially attractive because of its rapid maturation and usefulness in addition to its decent scent.
		The Japanese cedar forests, as can be seen around Mt. Fuji, are considered to be one of the most symbolic scenes in Japan.
		First, Japanese private forest owners tend to "look on their timberlands as a treasure box to be tapped at a time of special need, rather than as a resource to be managed for maximum long-run return" (Kitabatake, op.cit., p.
	www.american.edu /TED/japcedar.htm (1731 words)

	Lebanon Cedar - Cedrus libani
		The fate of the cedar forests was sealed.
		Today the large cedar forests of the past are gone, replaced by a barren, dry land.
		When climax forest are cut, they are replaced by scrubby growth, most of the soil is lost, and water can't be retained.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /lebanon_cedar.htm (753 words)

	Final Empire CHAPT 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Forests were used in the siege of Lachish, in 588 BC by the Babylonian, Nebuchadnezzar.
		The destruction of tropical forests contributes a large portion to the carbon dioxide buildup because tropical forests are the major reservoirs of carbon on the planet.
		Forests in general and tropical forests in particular are stabilizers of climate for the planet.
	www.rainbowbody.net /Finalempire/FEchap4.htm (4122 words)

	08/20/01 -- Five minute briefing: world forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Forty-three per cent of the country is frontier forest, and the expanse to the south of the Orinoco River is the largest intact forest region.
		Now forest rangers are being trained and the Government has pledged to increase fines for illegal logging, and farmers will be paid one peso per year for every seedling they keep alive.
		Approximately 63 million acres of frontier forest remain in Bolivia, but destruction is happening at a rate of 580 square miles every year, and a new pipeline project presents a further risk to the area.
	forests.org /archive/general/5minbrie.htm (1248 words)

	Cedars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		With the forest plan revision in progress, it is now perfect timing to implement a protection strategy for remnant cedar groves.
		Roots were frequently used in basketry, while the buds and inner bark of the trees served medicinal purposes and cedar boughs were used to scour bodies during ceremonial baths.
		Old growth cedar habitats continue to decline in the Clearwater Basin due to primarily to logging and road building.
	www.wildrockies.org /foc/Images/Cedars.html (469 words)

	Endangered Forests: Cedar ~ Issues/Projects ~ Granby Wilderness Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Those forests are also an insurance against flooding: since clearcuts receive more snow in the winter, by ever increasing the surface of clearcuts or immature forests, we are setting ourselves up for major spring flooding in conditions of rain on snow, when all the water is released all at once.
		Consequently, instead of the forest acting as a giant sponge slowly filtering and releasing water over the summer months, we have hot barren clearcuts and low water levels in rivers and streams.
		Pope and Talbot Ltd (with headquarters in Portland, Oregon) is still planning clearcuts and roads in this area, despite the fact that repeated landslides (originated from previous logging above) continue to damage the historic trail and sediment the Granby river.
	www.granbywilderness.org /projects/cedar.asp (401 words)

	Species:
		It may dominate rich swamp forests, poor swamp forests, and the cedar string bog and fen complex [24].
		In the understory of a pine, aspen, or birch (Betula spp.) forest, northern white-cedar acts as a fuel ladder, carrying fire into the overstory [23].
		Forested peatlands with a moss ground cover will not carry spring fires because of a high water table, but forested fens with a ground cover of sedges (Carex spp.) and grasses carry fire in the spring when the grasses and sedges are dry.
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/thuocc/all.html (3263 words)

	CedarOfLeb
		Tales and legends referring to the cedar are numerous in Lebanon and constitute one of the cultural links shared by the many ethnic, linguistic and religious groups living there.
		The situation was particularly critical in Tannourine-Hadath El-Jebbeh Forest in northern Lebanon, one of the largest remnants of cedar forest in the country, with 50 000 trees spread over 600 ha.
		The insect had also spread to the “Forest of the Cedars of the Gods” in Bcharreh, which is on the World Heritage List of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
	www.the-tree.org.uk /TreeTalk/4/cedarofleb.htm (942 words)

	Western Red Cedar
		Cedar is also a dimensionally stable wood that lies flat and stays straight.
		Cedar is the preferred material for all outdoor applications that seek visual harmony with the landscape combined with stability and durability: from siding and patio decking to fences, planters, screens, shelters and garden furniture.
		Western Red Cedar should be preservative treated if intended for use in applications where it comes in contact with the ground.
	www.shawcreekgeneralstore.com /red_cedar.htm (419 words)

	Florida's Historic Places: The Cedar Keys
		The Cedar Keys are barrier islands located on the west coast of Florida, kown as the Nature Coast.
		Cedar Key, the rustic town on Way Key, was settled in the early 1840s.
		Cedar Key was the second largest city in the state during the 1880s, with trains bringing hundred of thousands of tourists.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /florida/lessons/cedarkeys/cedarkeys.htm (719 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Khangai Mountains conifer forests (PA0512)
		The ecoregion is surrounded by Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe in the north and meets the Khangai mountain alpine meadows in the south.
		Larch forests are abundant in the medium and upper areas of the mountains and sometimes create the upper border of the forests.
		The dominant forest larches in the Khangai are green conifer with nuts.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0512_full.html (999 words)

	hyp3
		This project is aimed at developing ecologically based guidelines for the management of cedar-dominated forests that are mostly outside the current operable land base of north coastal B.C. Poor- and low-site cedar - hemlock forests dominate much of the outer coastal landscape.
		While 39% of the total area within the TSA is considered productive forest land, environmental, accessibility and timber size and quality limitations result in only six percent (119,130 ha) of the area being currently included within the operable (timber harvesting) landbase.
		In response to the Chief Forester’s request for further research (Pederson 1995), Ministry of Forests research staff commissioned a problem analysis (Kayahara and Klinka 1997), then submitted a proposal to Forest Renewal BC to carry out research and develop operational guidelines for timber harvesting in the cedar — hemlock forests on the outer coast.
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /rni/Research/HyP3/hyp3-pg1.htm (895 words)

	Natural Communities of Virginia - Palustrine System - Saturated Peatlands of the Coastal Plain: Peatland Atlantic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Peatland Atlantic White-Cedar Forests are endemic to terraces of the Embayed Region of extreme southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina.
		Atlantic white-cedar forests usually occupy relatively wet peatlands subject to infrequent catastrophic fires.
		Peatland Atlantic white-cedar forests are globally rare and now reduced to small remnants of their former distribution by extensive logging and fire reduction.
	www.dcr.virginia.gov /dnh/ncPIVb.htm (545 words)

	WWF - ::: Project report ::: Keeping the fires out of Lebanon's cedar forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		These forests are also one of the last remaining refuges in the country for species like the wolf and the wild boar.
		Although protection measures such as the creation of the Al-Shouf Cedars Reserve have been undertaken, the cedar woodlands of Central Mount-Lebanon are threatened by overgrazing, unregulated tourism, and a high occurrence of forest fires.
		To fight the frequent forest fires in the cedar forests, regular training of volunteers are organized.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/mediterranean/news/on_the_ground/index.cfm?uNewsID=11445 (421 words)

	Cedar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Cedar's ease of working, finishing, and durability made it the favorite of Egyptian woodworkers and shipbuilders.
		The Egyptians, for instance, drew heavily on the Lebanese cedars.
		Today, remnants of the once-vast cedar forest remain protected in the Cedars of Lebanon National Park, located about 90 miles north of Beirut.
	www.woodmagazine.com /wood/story.jhtml?storyid=/templatedata/wood/story/data/407.xml&catref=wd12 (285 words)

	White Cedar, Thuja occidentalis
		It may dominate rich swamp forests, poor swamp forests, and the cedar string bog and fen complex.
		the eastern white cedar is most often associated with cool, moist, nutrient-rich sites, particularly on organic soils near streams or other drainage-ways, or on calcareous mineral soils.
		White Cedar slash is a fire hazard for 20-30 years because of its resistance to decay.
	www.rook.org /earl/bwca/nature/trees/thujaocc.html (1570 words)

	Discovery Center at Murfree Springs, Murfreesboro, TN
		The forests of red cedar that are associated with glades are part of the total ecosystem, but cedar forests, per se, are not glades.
		However, the use of the term “cedar glade” is too firmly entrenched in the literature to propose to change it.
		The physiographic region with the largest cedar glade flora is the Central Basin of Tennessee (328 native, 80 nonnative).
	www.discoverycenteronline.org /article1.htm (1341 words)

	ForestChoice - About Us - Incense-cedar
		Incense-cedar forests are found primarily in southern Oregon and in California's Sierra Nevada mountains.
		The smooth, fine grain and soft wood of the Incense-cedar tree is ideal for pencil casings, enabling easy sharpening, and providing excellent protection for the pencil's fragile graphite and cosmetic cores.
		Incense cedar is also an ideal material for building sidings and decking.
	www.forestchoice.com /about/incense.cfm (266 words)

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