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Topic: Cel animation

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	Traditional animation -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Traditional animation, sometimes also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation, is the oldest and historically the most popular form of (The condition of living or the state of being alive) animation.
		While the animation is being done, the background artists will (A substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating) paint the sets over which the action of each animated sequence will take place.
		The transparent quality of the cel allows for each character or object in a frame be animated on different cels, as the cel of one character can be seen underneath the cel of another; and the opaque background will be seen beneath all of the cels.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/traditional_animation.htm (2958 words)

	Cel-shaded animation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name comes from the clear sheets of acetate, called cels, that are painted on for use in traditional 2D animation, such as Disney classics.
		In hand-drawn animation or traditional animation, from the mid-19th century onwards, artists would start by creating pencil drawings; these would then be transferred onto celluloid, made of cellulose nitrate, either by using xerography (a photocopying technique) and paint, or ink and paint.
		Later, by the mid-20th century, celluloid was made using cellulose acetate instead of cellulose nitrate due to the latter burning easily and suffering from spontaneous decomposition, albeit the process remained the same.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cel_shading (853 words)

	Traditional animation - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For example, in a sequence of a character jumping across a gap, the key animator may draw the character as he is about to leap, the character flying through the air, then the character landing on the other side of the gap.
		In high-budget animated productions, often each major character will have an animator or group of animators solely dedicated to drawing that character, whereas other animators will be dedicated to drawing special effects (such as fire or explosions), machinery, or other specialized non-characters.
		In very early cartoons made before the use of the cel, such as Gertie the Dinosaur, the entire frame, including the background and all characters and items, were drawn on a single sheet of paper, then photographed.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Traditional_animation (1722 words)

	A&S Animation, inc.
		Cel animation is ideal for cartoons and character animation; while, computer animation is best suited for logos, realistic objects, product shots, special effects, and certain types of characters.
		One problem with computer animation is that character and motion are too confined by physics to work for most cartoons and I'm referring not just to any animation, but mostly to cartoons, described as "funny drawings that move funny" by Bob Clampett, one of the great Bugs Bunny directors in the 40's.
		The cel animation has an anime look of being animated on 3's (3 frames for every drawing) and the CG was animated with very smooth motion on 1's (1 frame per image).
	www.funnytoons.tv /creat901.htm (646 words)

	Cel Animation Model
		The animation in AutoManga is produced using a logical analog to traditional cel animation.
		This cel is allowed to dry a bit, then passed on to a ``colorist'' who flips the cel over and paints on the ``wrong'' side of the cel.
		Usually each character in a scene is on a separate cel, and non-moving parts are separated from the parts that move (such as head or mouth).
	automanga.sourceforge.net /Doc/node3.html (499 words)

	Read about Traditional animation at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Traditional animation and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		animatic" (also called a "story reel") is made after the soundtrack is created, but before full animation begins.
		character jumping across a gap, the key animator may draw a frame of the character as he is about to leap, two or more frames as the character is flying through the air, and the frame for the character landing on the other side of the gap.
		Effects animators animate anything that moves and is not a character, including props, vehicles, machinery and phenomena such as fire,
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Traditional_animation (2993 words)

	Animation Art Glossary
		Because of the added density of the multiple cel levels, the paint colors were corrected for the discoloration caused by the plastic, making the colors on a bottom level cel much brighter than those on a top level cel.
		Even though a drawing or cel may be of a standard 12 or 16 field size, the camera may have been zoomed in to a 8 or 9 field, focusing on a tighter area of the artwork, eliminating the outer margins of the sheet.
		Cels in Courvoisier setups were often cut out and attached to the backgrounds, and were occasionally enhanced with airbrushed shading or dry brush effects.
	www.vintageip.com /Term.html (3209 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Animation is a technique used to fool the eye into thinking that motion is occurring.
		Once the animator has the pencil-test footage drawn the way s/he wants it, the animation is traced or photocopied onto clear sheets of acetate, called cels.
		The final animation goes under the animation camera and is photographed frame by frame, with each cel laid over the background one at a time.
	web.syr.edu /~dmivanic/animation.html (390 words)

	unit03-sect03-les01-lessona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cel is short for celluloid, an early clear plastic material used to draw and paint the individual frames of animation.
		Cel animation is a technique for presenting a series of images with incremental changes in them at a rate of speed that gives the illusion of movement.
		Since animation requires precise alignment form one frame to the next it is essential to be able to see the previous cel when drawing the current one.
	www.cdli.ca /courses/ctecx104/unit03/section03/lesson01/3-lesson-a.htm (1790 words)

	Search Results for cel animation - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The development of cel (or cell) animation permitted the phased movements of the figures to be traced onto a succession of transparent celluloid sheets and superimposed, in turn, onto a single static...
		When the exacting labour of animation is under way, difficult moments in the choreography of the figures may be “line-tested”—that is, outlined in pencil, photographed, and tested out on the screen...
		The basis of all animation is the building up, frame by frame, of the moving picture by exact timing and choreography of both movement and sound.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=cel+animation (473 words)

	Texture Mapping for Cel Animation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In traditional cel animation, background scenery is painted in high detail, but moving characters are painted with flat colors.
		We present a method to partially automate the application of complex textures to moving characters in cel animation.The idea is to correlate features in the hand-drawn artwork with features in a simple, textured, 3-D model, distort the model to conform to the artwork, and use the rendered model in the place of the flat colors.
		Animators can thus use complex textures with hand-drawn artwork, combining the accuracy of 3-D computer graphics with the expressiveness of hand-drawn animation.
	www.cs.princeton.edu /gfx/proj/texcel (205 words)

	Animation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Animations are primarily used to demonstrate an idea or illustrate a concept.
		Cel based animation consists of multiple drawings, each one a little different from the others.
		Students can use object animation to illustrate a point - imagine a battle map of Gettysburg where troop movement is represented by sliding arrows.
	wonders.eburg.wednet.edu /Topics/GMMIE/animation.htm (114 words)

	Wild Brain // How to Produce Cel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Because many animation styles rely on simple line art filled with color, Flash is able to download this information quickly, presenting animation that appears commensurate with the quality found on Saturday morning television.
		At this point, instead of animating straight ahead in pencil, the characters actions are analyzed and broken down into their constituent parts.
		Fully painted characters are brought into the system and the basic animation is roughed out using some real assets and some approximations to give a sense of what the final animation will be.
	www.wildbrain.com /about_us/howto_cel_computer_anim.html (502 words)

	The Simpsons Animation Cel Information Station (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Also, cels which feature a guest star who has appeared on the show are not released to the public.
		In the animation of The Simpsons some scenes require a different ratio of a cel to be used.
		Although, cels will without a doubt become much more valuable once the show goes off the air, in my opinion they are the GREATEST collectable that there is to own.
	www.nohomers.net /cels/cel_info.html (1618 words)

	Cel Animation from Media Post Inc
		Traditionally known animation created by drawing out frames for a flipbook, then once the frames are previewed and approved, they are inked and painted onto "cels" which are celluloid plastic sheets that are clear.
		The cels are then played back, usually at 24 Frames Per Second, to give the illusion of movement.
		Although a very labor intensive process, the end result of cel animation is distinctively different, creative and appealing.
	www.mediapostinc.com /animation.cfm?wid=27 (100 words)

	Animation Art Gallery - Disney Donald pictures
		There are tiny spots on the cel which can be remedied with proper cleaning; there is some minute line wear on Donald's cel outline.
		Production cel with matching drawing of Donald Duck The drawing was originally stuck on the back of the cel itself and some of the paper has been lifted as a result of the separation in Donald's feet.
		The cel has been trimmed to 9"H by 11"W, and the background included is a color reproduction.
	www.animationartgallery.com /adonald.html (1749 words)

	SIGGRAPH 2000: Panels
		Traditional Japanese cel animation is well known in television programs all over the world, from old favorites such as "Speed Racer" to more recent series such as "Dragonball." In feature films, "Pokemon" and "Princess Mononoke" are the most visible examples in a recent wave of digital cel animation produced in Japan.
		This panel clarified historical developments, cultural influences, and technical innovations, and contrasted Japanese cel animators with their counterparts in Western cultures.
		Computer animators, software developers, and researchers demonstrated their state-of-the-art works and discussed future trends in digital cel animation.
	www.siggraph.org /s2000/conference/panels/panels4.html (90 words)

	unit03-sect03-les01-lessona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cel animation using software follows the same processes as traditional cel animation.
		Often cel animation software allows you to build key frames and tweens directly in the application.
		Exposure sheets used in cel animation software put time on the vertical axis, and arranges layers of content on the X axis, similarly to the paper version.
	www.cdli.ca /courses/ctecx104/unit03/section03/lesson03/3-lesson-a.htm (819 words)

	Animation Sensations, Disney Animation Art, Production Drawings & Cels
		Animation Sensations also has an extensive selection of production animation art and limited editions from other production animation studios like Hanna Barbera, Fox and Cartoon Network, The Simpsons, and Peanuts.
		The animated feature musical, "The Jungle Book", was the last feature film produced under Walt Disney's supervision.
		Animating a broom, he gets it to carry water for him, but he falls asleep, and havock breaks loose in the castle.
	www.animationsensations.com (1109 words)

	How to animate cartoons
		Imagine the fun of combining classic cel animation techniques with the latest digital technology.
		You begin with pencil and paper just like the old animation masters, working on an animation disk (a special rotating light table).
		is a full-service animation studio with over twenty years of motion picture screen credits.
	artie.com /process.htm (225 words)

	Animation Stand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Animation Stand is the leader in cross-platform tools for professional, cost effective, easy to use computer-assisted 2 1/2D character animation, compositing and film quality special effects.
		Versions of Animation Stand can be intermixed, and all hot-link together to provide a seamless workgroup environment.
		Since 1989, professional and industrial animation studios, postproduction, and video facilities have used Animation Stand, worldwide.
	www.animationstand.com (89 words)

	Warner Bros animation cels Looney Tunes (A-M)
		The size of this piece is 12 Field (11"x13") and the size of the image is 7" h x 6" w.
		There is some very minor line wear along with very minute dirt spots on the clear areas of the cel which can be remedied with proper cleaning and restoration.
		The size of this piece is 12 Field (11"x13") and the size of the image is 3.75" h x 3" w.
	www.animationartgallery.com /awarnerpieces.html (730 words)

	Inking in Traditional Cel Animation
		Folks who want to mimic the look of traditional animation should be interested in traditional animation techniques.
		Traditional animators have at least three methods of transfering a pencil drawing onto a cel (a thin, transparent sheet of celluloid or acetate): inking by hand, xerography, and digital inking.
		An Online Anime Cel Gallery -- at these resolutions, I can't tell if these cels were inked by hand or xeroxed onto the cel.
	www.celshader.com /classic/ink/ink.html (905 words)

	Amazon.com: Batman Animated: Books: Paul Dini,Chip Kidd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Granted unprecedented access to the archives of the Warner Bros. Animation Studio, Chip Kidd has combined breathtaking photographs by Award-winning photographer Geoff Spear and fashioned an imaginative layout of never-before-published preproduction and finished artwork that echoes the boldness of producer-designer Bruce Timm's powerful TV show.
		These artists revolutionized TV animation, and this book is something that everyone interested in the field must have.
		A spectacular inside view of what went into one of the best animated series ever created, full of paintings, musings, mechandise, idea sketches for the show and movies, etc. I enjoyed most reading about what they were forced to cut for a tv audience, and seeing the beautiful title cards that open each show.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/006107327X?v=glance (1297 words)

	Wild Hare Studios Cel Animation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A leader in the Atlanta animation community, Wild Hare has raised the bar for quality animation and content based programming.
		Chris is currently creating pitches for several new animated series and various webisodes for www.wildharestudios.com.
		Matt began his career in the animation industry after graduating from the Savannah College of Art and Design with a BFA in Sequential Art.
	www.wildharestudios.com /about.htm (314 words)

	ArtLex on Animation
		Also, making animated cartoons -- films that are also called animations.
		Types of animation include cel animation, clay animation (also called claymation), and computer animation.
		This type of animation is sometimes called replacement animation, although George Pal called them puppetoons.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/a/animation.html (237 words)

	the TAB \| Paperless 2D Animation Software for Web Designers and Broadcast \| Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		reate cutout animation by dividing your character into sections connected by hierarchical links, and define the animation by moving the different sections.
		Have a look at the showcase for a selection of animations, clips and images made with the TAB.
		In the site there are animations in SWF format that requires the latest version of Macromedia Flash Player to be played properly.
	www.the-tab.com (143 words)

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