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Topic: Cell type

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List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

Cellular differentiation

Stem cell

Biological cell

Cell (biology)

Sertoli cell

Plant cell

Mesangial cell

Fibroblast

Blastula

Tonoplast

Erythrocyte

Zygote

Sperm

Monocyte

	Glossary [Stem Cell Information]
		The blastocyst is a sphere made up of an outer layer of cells (the trophoblast), a fluid-filled cavity (the blastocoel), and a cluster of cells on the interior (the inner cell mass).
		When it is used to refer to cells grown in a tissue culture dish, a clone is a line of cells that is genetically identical to the originating cell.
		By combining a patient's somatic cell nucleus and an enucleated egg, a scientist may harvest embryonic stem cells from the resulting embryo that can be used to generate tissues that match a patient's body.
	stemcells.nih.gov /stemcells/info/glossary.aspx (1803 words)

	Stem cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Embryonic stem cells are cultured cells obtained from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a blastocyst, an early stage embryo that is 50 to 150 cells.
		Embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a blastocyst, an early stage embryo consisting of 50-150 cells.
		Embryonic stem cell researchers are currently attempting to grow the cells beyond the first stages of cell development, to overcome difficulties in host rejection of implanted stem cells, and to control the multiplying of implanted embryonic stem cells, which otherwise multiply uncontrollably, producing a tumor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stem_cell (5396 words)

	Cell biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cell biology (also called cellular biology or cytology, from the Greek kytos, "container") is an academic discipline which studies cells.
		Appreciating the similarities and differences between cell types is particularly important to the fields of cell and molecular biology.
		Research in cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and developmental biology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cell_biology (389 words)

	Cell Models: An Interactive Animation
		The DNA is similar in every cell of the body, but depending on the specific cell type, some genes may be turned on or off - that's why a liver cell is different from a muscle cell, and a muscle cell is different from a fat cell.
		Plant and animal cell centrosomes play similar roles in cell division, and both include collections of microtubules, but the plant cell centrosome is simpler and does not have centrioles.
		Messenger RNA from the cell nucleus is moved systematically along the ribosome where transfer RNA adds individual amino acid molecules to the lengthening protein chain.
	www.cellsalive.com /cells/cell_model.htm (1282 words)

	CHEST: Cell type accuracy of bronchial biopsy specimens in primary lung cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Age, location and type of bronchial lesion, number and size of the biopsy fragments, tumoral size, sample necrosis, degree of cell differentiation, tumoral stage, pathologist's experience, and the presence of other diagnostic tests with the same cell type were analyzed to assess their influence on the concordance between the two diagnoses.
		Despite the importance of identifying the cell type, the histopathologic diagnosis is frequently obtained from a series of preoperative techniques, the precision of which in establishing the cell subtype is variable and not always well known.
		With respect to the type of endobronchial lesion, the presence of an infiltrative mucosa was coded as 0, and the endobronchial tumor as 1.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n5_v109/ai_18315328 (1112 words)

	ACS :: What Is Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?
		The treatment for each type of lung cancer (small cell vs. non-small cell) is very different, so much of the information for one type will not apply to the other type.
		Cells from the cancer can break away from the original tumor and spread to other parts of the body.
		If cancer cells have multiplied in the lymph nodes, they are more likely to have spread to other organs of the body as well.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1x_What_Is_Non-Small_Cell_Lung_Cancer.asp (1045 words)

	Diabetes and Genes in Disease
		Type II diabetes is associated with obesity and with aging.
		The targets for insulin are muscle, fat, and liver cells.These cells have insulin receptor sites on the outside of the cell membrane.For most people, when insulin has bound to the receptors, a cascade of events begins, which leads to sugar being transported from the blood into the interior of the cell.
		Since Type II diabetes essentially did not exist 100 years ago, it's obvious that a change in the environment has created the disease, but there is genetic susceptibility on top of that.Very little is known about the genetics of diabetes other than that there is a gene-environment interaction with multiple genes involved.
	darwin.nmsu.edu /~molbio/diabetes/disease.html (2043 words)

	Ovarian Tumors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Small cell tumors of the ovary are uncommon but represent an important group to recognize in the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic ovarian neoplasms.
		Another example of an ovarian small cell tumor that may be difficult to identify by its ultrastructural features is endometrioid stromal sarcoma, as well as metastatic endometrial stromal sarcoma, in which tumor cells often have a nondescript appearance; or they may have features of poorly differentiated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.
		Overall, an accurate diagnosis of specific types of small cell tumors of the ovary may be enhanced in a significant percentage of cases if electron microscopy is available to supplement diagnostic information obtained from the clinical presentation, light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and, in some tumors, cytometric analysis of these neoplasms.
	sup.ultrakohl.com /uscap/dick.htm (629 words)

	Gu et al., 1994 : cell-type specific gene targeting
		Type I deletion results in the deletion of the target gene from the genome of the ES cells, and animals derived from the corresponding ES cells will carry the deletion in the germ line.
		Clones 1 and 2 carry a type I deletion, as shown by a 5.5-kb band when they were hybridized with probe A (left panel) and the absence of a 4.5-kb band when they were hybridized with probe B (right panel) (C).
		To generate type I and type II deletions, 1 to 3 µg of supercoiled Cre-encoding plasmid, pIC-Cre (6), was introduced into the targeted ES cells by electroporation.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /Courses/molbio/restricted/01TTarget/TTarget.html (2893 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Each cell in the circuit is an instance of a cell type (master).
		The logic delay for cell type ai2s is 0.6 nano secs.
		Terminal type of I is identified as an input, O as an output, and C as a special input "clock".
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/cheon/cs384v/description.html (690 words)

	Control of Cell Type Proportioning in Dictyostelium discoideum by Differentiation-Inducing Factor as Determined by In ...
		The pattern of staining of posterior cells by SLB126 (cotC) for mRNA (a to d) or antisense RNA (a' to d') is representative of almost all of the prespore genes.
		Cell type conversion was apparent in the back of the fragments within a few hours.
		A spatial gradient of expression of a cAMP-regulated prespore cell type-specific gene in Dictyostelium.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/3/5/1241 (3942 words)

	Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure
		Cells are small compartments that hold all of the biological equipment necessary to keep an organism alive and successful on Earth.
		We say animal-like because an animal type of cell could be anything from a tiny microorganism to a nerve cell in your brain.
		Some cells are used to carry oxygen through the blood and others might be specific to the heart.
	www.biology4kids.com /files/cell_main.html (295 words)

	Appendix E: Stem Cell Markers [Stem Cell Information]
		Normally, cells use these receptors and the molecules that bind to them as a way of communicating with other cells and to carry out their proper functions in the body.
		Stem cell markers are given short-hand names based on the molecules that bind to the stem cell surface receptors.
		With this technique, a suspension of tagged cells (i.e., bound to the cell surface markers are fluorescent tags) is sent under pressure through a very narrow nozzle—so narrow that cells must pass through one at a time.
	stemcells.nih.gov /info/scireport/appendixE.asp (2257 words)

	Generation5 Forum - three cell type random cellular automata
		The first color of cell "eats" the second, the second eats the third and the third eats the first.
		This way, no cell ever dies, and all the array is always full with the three kind of cells.
		It's very interesting the presence of "basic groups" of only two adjacent cells of different kind in an environment filled of cells of the third kind.
	www.generation5.org /forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=275 (211 words)

	CELLS II: CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
		Prokaryotic cells are smaller (as a general rule) and lack much of the internal compartmentalization and complexity of eukaryotic cells.
		Some cells are encased in a rigid wall, which constrains their shape, while others have a flexible cell membrane (and no rigid cell wall).
		Cell movement; is both internal, referred to as cytoplasmic streaming and external, referred to as motility.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html (2695 words)

	Setting a Cell Type
		Cell types in Microsoft Excel are generally set on the formatting menu.
		Note that JCVGantt Pro often assumes that the result of an operation is a "String" of text which sometimes causes cells where you'd expect the result of a formula show a blank cell.
		This is often simply a type conversion issue, and the solution is to change the cell type.
	www.iaresearch.com /jcvganttpro/manual/SettingaCellType.html (109 words)

	CHEST: Growth Factor Control of Type II Cell Apoptosis - ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		PTHrP is an autocrine inhibitor of chondrocytes and cerebellar neurons (J Cell Biol 136:205; J Biol Chem 272:14404).
		In two additional rats/antibody, type II cells were isolated by elastase digestion 24 h after instillation, stained for CD45 to exclude macrophages, and processed for DNA analysis by flow cytometry using propidium iodide.
		Over 10% of the type II cells from lungs instilled with PTHrP antibodies (Fig 1, left IAI) had less than a diploid (G0/G1) complement of DNA, indicating apoptosis, while [is less than] 1% of cells isolated from untreated lungs (Fig 1, right [B]) were apoptotic.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_1_116/ai_55332569 (543 words)

	eMedicine - I-Cell Disease (Mucolipidosis Type II) : Article by Grace Y Lee, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		It was observed subsequently that I-cell disease fibroblasts were able to internalize and use lysosomal enzymes produced by normal cells, whereas normal or other lysosomal disease fibroblasts were incapable of internalizing lysosomal enzymes secreted by the I-cell disease fibroblasts.
		Sex: I-cell disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
		I-cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1150.htm (1843 words)

	Breast cancer is multi-step, multi-cell type process
		COLUMBUS, Ohio -Researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center are offering one of the first models of breast cancer as a multi-step process which involves more than one cell type, thanks in part to new laser-microdissection technology which enables them to take apart tumors one cell at a time.
		LOH was frequent in both types of cells, ranging from 25 to 69 per cent in the cancerous epithelial cells, and from 17 to 61 per cent in the stromal cells.
		The research was funded in part by proceeds from the Jimmy V Golf Classic, an event sponsored by the V Foundation for Cancer Research, dedicated to the memory of former North Carolina State Basketball coach Jim Valvano.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-09/osum-bci082901.php (518 words)

	Cells - cell type (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The type of cell used for this project is a stereotypical plant cell (shown above).
		The entire cell is surrounded by a cell wall, a stiff layer of cellulose.
		Immediately inside the cell wall, also encompassing the cell, is the cell membrane.
	web.ccsd.k12.wy.us /Science/04/0401typecell.html (90 words)

	Chapter 2.1: Phospholipid/Cell Membrane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The phospholipid bilayer which the cell membrane is an example of, is composed of various cholesterol, phospholipids, glycolipids and proteins.
		And since most of the cell and area surrounding the cell is made up of water, these fatty acid tails always 'push' away from the water.
		Each type of cell or organelle will have a differing percentage of each lipid, protein, and carbohydrate.
	ccgb.umn.edu /~mwd/cell_www/chapter2/membrane.html (579 words)

	Cell type-specific E2F activation and cell cycle progression induced by the oncogene product Tax of human T-cell ...
		We analyzed Tax function in the cell cycle using an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent human T-cell line (Kit 225) that can undergo cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase by deprivation of IL-2.
		Analyses with Tax mutants did not allow Tax-induced cell cycle progression to be differentiated from Tax-dependent activation of E2F, suggesting that Tax induces cell cycle progression presumably through activation of E2F.
		Nevertheless, infection with an E2F1-expressing virus, which is sufficient for induction of S phase in serum-starved fibroblasts, was not sufficient for either E2F activation or cell cycle progression in IL-2-starved Kit 225 cells, implying differential regulation of E2F activation and cell cycle progression in T-cells that is activated by Tax.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/2000/jul/A0071208.html (560 words)

	Lymphoma: A Detailed Description
		Cancer cells are frozen at a stage of development - they are unable to differentiate or have a normal life span.
		The cell type, the type of damage within the cell, and level of maturation (stage of development) of the cell when it became malignant are few reasons.
		CXCL13 (BCA-1) is produced by follicular lymphoma cells: role in the accumulation of malignant B cells.
	www.lymphomation.org /about-details.htm (1730 words)

	eMedicine - Lymphoma, B-Cell : Article by Ajeet Gajra, MD
		Two principal cell types are observed in varying proportions: small cells with irregular or cleaved nuclear contours and scant cytoplasm that are referred to as centrocytes (small cleaved cells) and larger cells with open nuclear chromatin, several nucleoli, and modest amounts of cytoplasm that are referred to as centroblasts.
		With the advent of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplants, this modality may be available to a larger group of patients because it does not carry the risks of acute early toxicity and mortality, unlike the myeloablative stem cell transplant.
		Mantle cell lymphoma is a tumor of older adults, with a male predominance.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1358.htm (10802 words)

	Cell Biotic Type 2 - Buy it at Discount!
		According to its manufacturer of Cell Biotic Type 2, Cell Biotic, a dietary supplement, is used to maintain a healthy glucose (blood sugar) level.
		The ingredients of Cell Biotic Type 2, with the exception of chromium, contain essential fatty acids (EFA’s) Omega 3, 6 and 9’s.
		Currently, Cell Biotic Type 2 is running advertisement campaigns, and it is currently sold as the picture.
	www.cljhealth.com /Cell-Biotic.htm (190 words)

	Microarray Analysis on many genes determine a cell type (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The real cell system is more complex, and the underlying gene expressions are inter-dependent, collectively characterizing the cell state or expression profile.
		Surprisingly, we found that as few as 50 randomly selected genes are enough to discriminate between most normal cell types such as liver or kidney.
		We further found that for experiments on the same cell type, the gene rank order from one array platform does not match the results from another platform very well.
	www.iscb.org /ismb2004/posters/fujibuchi-wataruATaist.go.jp_619.html (278 words)

	Cell type -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A cell type is a distinct morphological or functional form of ((biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; cells may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals) cell.
		When a cell switches state from one cell type to another, it undergoes (Click link for more info and facts about cellular differentiation) cellular differentiation.
		(The cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell)) Zygote
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ce/cell_type.htm (339 words)

	Cell Type Regulates Selective Segregation of Mouse Chromosome 7 DNA Strands in Mitosis -- Armakolas and Klar 311 ...
		Only the specifically designated Wor C parental chromosomes strands are indicated in daughter cells to simplify their representation.
		Results of other indicated cell types and the deduced segregation patterns are presented in other panels.
		Among nearly 100 recombinants of each cell type tested (table S1), DNA analysis of only about 20 recombinants from each cell type is displayed here.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/figsonly/311/5764/1146 (639 words)

	Stem Cell Therapy Clinics, Stem Cell Treatment Available Now
		Stem cell treatment at ICM is limited to a select group of applicants who fit a specific profile.
		Once the cells have been harvested, they are sent to the lab where they are purified and assessed for quality before being reintroduced back in the patient.
		Embryonic stem cells must be taken from an embryo, or unborn baby, while umbilical cord and placental stem cells can be isolated from the placentas and umbilical cords that would normally be discarded after a healthy birth.
	www.cellmedicine.com (392 words)

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