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	Cellular Component Ontology Guidelines
		The cellular component ontology describes locations, at the levels of subcellular structures and macromolecular complexes.
		To distinguish cellular components from functions, use 'complex' in the term name of a component, and append enzyme names with the word 'activity'.
		The cellular component ontology does not include terms for type I, II, etc., membrane proteins, because these classifications are not locations, but instead describe a different feature of the proteins, namely topological orientation with respect to the membrane and other cellular components.
	www.geneontology.org /GO.component.guidelines.html (509 words)

	Cell (biology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It acts to organize and maintain the cell's shape; anchors organelles in place; helps during endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by a cell; and moves parts of the cell in processes of growth and motility.
		The cellular machinery responsible for synthesizing proteins is the ribosome.
		This is more a metaphor given for simplicity than complete accuracy, since the earliest molecules of life, probably up to the stage of cellular life, were most likely RNA molecules, acting both as replicators and enzymes: see RNA world hypothesis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cell_(biology) (3779 words)

	[No title]
		Cellular and tissue-based products and their potential uses are too diverse for a single set of regulatory requirements to be appropriate for all.
		Cellular and tissue-based products may be combinations of cells or tissues with mechanical or synthetic components, with drugs, or with non-cell/non-tissue biologics.
		The agency considers cellular products to be used for a homologous function when they are used to perform their native function, and for a non-homologous function when they are used to perform other functions.
	www.fda.gov /cber/gdlns/celltissue.txt (7529 words)

	Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A living cell is a system with cellular components interacting with each other, and the state of the cell (e.g., a liver cell, a neuron or a cancer cell) is the outcome of these interactions.
		In order to characterize the cellular components and their interactions, one still needs the corroboration of all three sources of data, which has led to the current status of bioinformatics with the three facets: proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics.
		The second objective is to understand the changes of cellular components and their interactions over evolutionary time, especially on the evolutionary changes of genes and genomes that specify many of the cellular components and their interactions.
	aix1.uottawa.ca /~xxia/research/Research.htm (1045 words)

	Cellular Component Ontology Guidelines
		The cellular component ontology includes multi-subunit enzymes and other protein complexes, but not individual proteins or nucleic acids.
		Cellular component also does not include multicellular anatomical terms.
		As GO cellular component terms describe locations where a gene product may act, rather than physical features of proteins or RNAs, the terms integral membrane protein and peripheral membrane protein are present only as non-exact synonyms.
	www.geneontology.org /GO.component.guidelines.shtml (509 words)

	Cell-Biology.com: Cellular Biology Techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Preservation of the specimen is necessary to preserve cellular structures in a "natural" state against intracellular digestion and desiccation.
		Separation of cellular components from one another is accomplished by differential centrifugation.
		Centrifugal force is used to separate organelles and cellular components as a function of their sedimentation coefficients.
	www.cell-biology.com /tech.html (1218 words)

	New cellular evolution theory rejects single cell beginning
		Illinois microbiologist Carl W oese presents his theory of cellular evolution, which challenges long-held traditions and beliefs of biologists, in the June 18 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
		The driving force in evolving cellular life on Earth, says Carl Woese, a microbiologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, has been horizontal gene transfer, in which the acquisition of alien cellular components, including genes and proteins, work to promote the evolution of recipient cellular entities.
		Cellular evolution, he argues, began in a communal environment in which the loosely organized cells took shape through extensive horizontal gene transfer.
	www.news.uiuc.edu /scitips/02/0617evoltion.html (878 words)

	4.8
		The goal of cellular bioscanning is the noninvasive and non-destructive in vivo examination of interior biological structures.
		Except in the most subtle cases a malfunction in any one component of the cellular machinery (Section 8.5) normally provokes a cascade of pathological observables in many other subsystems.
		DNA is one of the few cellular components that is regularly inspected and repaired.
	www.nanomedicine.com /NMI/4.8.htm (248 words)

	NIH Guide: RENAL FILTRATION BARRIER AND ITS CELLULAR COMPONENTS
		The purpose of this program announcement is to stimulate research on the glomerular portion of the nephron, with special emphasis on the glomerular capillary wall and its cellular constituents, namely, the glomerular endothelial and epithelia (podocytes) and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM).
		Although a third cell type, the mesangial cell, is usually not considered a member of the glomerular wall proper, it may influence the functions and dimensions of the wall and transiently migrate onto or into the wall.
		There are now cellular and molecular biologic techniques that make it possible to identify and clone genes and proteins to further expand research activity on the glomerulus.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-96-029.html (1222 words)

	Cellular Components of Asthma
		During an attack smooth muscle hypertrophy, hyperplasia of the mucosal and submucosal vessels, mucoasl oedema, a pronounced thickening of the basement membrane and eosinophil infiltration of the bronchial wall occurs.
		The widespread increase in cellularity is associated with an elevated capillary density.
		The rich presence of eosinophils in the cellular infiltration is characteristic of an asthmatic inflammation.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session3/28/cells.htm (3835 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Attaining this mid-term goal, the identification and localization of protein complexes in their native cellular context is possible for the first time.
		To detect a molecule of interest in a tomographic reconstruction of a large cellular volume, the molecule must be recognized by its structural features.
		Electron tomography of cellular specimens opens up a new horizon for investigating the functional organization of cellular components with minimal perturbations of the cellular context.
	www.lrz-muenchen.de /projekte/hlrb-projects/details/h022z_dt.htm (362 words)

	Method for separating the cellular components of blood samples
		The present invention relates generally to the separation of the cellular components of blood for performing diagnostic assays on certain blood cells, such as, lymphocytes.
		The present invention provides an improved assembly and method for the separation of the cellular components of blood where a thixotropic gel-like substance is used as the separation media, since the adverse influence of water absorption on the cell separation performance characteristics of the thixotropic gel-like substance is substantially eliminated.
		While the present invention primarily relates to the cellular separation of blood according to a technique employing a thixotropic gel as a density medium, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a technique employing a combination of gels as a density medium, such as, a combination of a thixotropic gel and a Newtonian gel.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4957638.html (8707 words)

	Cell-Biology.com: Cellular Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		These cells, found only among bacteria, are small (1-5 microns), have a cell wall outside the cell membrane and lack membrane bound organelles.
		Eukaryotic cells are larger, have a membrane bound nucleus and various cellular organelles.
		Receptors are necessary to cellular signalling, adhesion, and recognition.
	www.cell-biology.com (760 words)

	Legal Concerns with Proposed Jurisdictional Changes to Combination Wound Repair Products Containing Live Cellular ...
		Both manufacturers of cellular wound repair products and independent researchers testified that cellular wound repair products are by structure and function single entity products, not clearly divisible, and applied as a whole to a designated wound site.
		Cellular wound repair products, thus, are not "analogous" to a virus, therapeutic serum, or toxin or antitoxin, respectively.
		This separate regulatory framework for cellular and tissue products, in our view, is yet another indication that Section 351 has important limitations, and that any approval/license requirements would apply only to the extent that structural cellular products otherwise meet the existing statutory definitions of drug, device, or biological product.
	www.fda.gov /oc/combination/advamed8202002.html (6468 words)

	Publications - Leukocyte Reduction of Blood Components
		Leukocytes (WBC) are present in varying concentrations in all cellular blood components, including modified whole blood, red blood cells, platelets prepared from units of whole blood, and platelets collected by apheresis.
		This appears to be mediated by residual white blood cells in blood components and may be abolished by their removal.
		A difficulty with the investigations is that both the number of transfusions given and the risk of cancer recurrence are highly correlated with the extent of the primary tumor.
	www.scbcinfo.org /publications/bulletin_v1_n2.htm (1308 words)

	Biochemistry - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Biochemists study the elements, compounds and chemical reactions that are controlled by enzymes and take place in all living organisms.
		Biochemistry is focused on the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules.
		Recently biochemistry has focused more specifically on the chemistry of enzyme-mediated reactions, and on the properties of proteins.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /b/bi/biochemistry_1.html (280 words)

	Blood Components: Indications and Controversies
		Unfortunately, these specially prepared blood components are expensive, and the clinical indications for their use are not entirely defined and are still evolving (6).
		Blood components depleted of leukocytes by filtration can help prevent febrile reactions, alloimmunization, and CMV transmission; but leukocyte depletion is costly and must be done under strict quality control and with consistent efficiency.
		Irradiated cellular blood components are particularly useful in preventing TA-GVHD; consequently, all cellular blood components transfused by M. Anderson's Transfusion Service are now irradiated at the time of their issue.
	www.mdanderson.org /~citm/H-93-04.html (2176 words)

	Comparative effects of MgCl2 and MgSO4
		Gt is the sum of various components: three paracellular components (Gp) and nine cellular components (Gc constituted from channels, exchangers, antiporters and cotransporters).
		Gt is the sum of various components: three paracellular components (Gp) and nine cellular components (Gc, constituted from ionic channels, exchangers, antiporters and cotransporters), and the aim of this work was to study the comparative effects of MgCl
		The cellular conductance (Gc) in the maternal-to-fetal and in the fetal-to-maternal directions was measured by injecting a constant current square wave pulse through a double-barrelled microelectrode and analysing the recorded transient voltage on an oscilloscope.
	www.mgwater.com /dur04.shtml (2045 words)

	[No title]
		The introduction of cellular biology connects to prior discussion and activities on the requirement of cells needed for life.
		The smallest cellular components are atoms, and they, like cells, have a particular organization.
		The pre-assessments will focus on identification of plant and animal cell diagrams, the chemical components of live, cellular structures, cellular function, how cellular functions can be altered, and the effects alterations in cells have on individual cells and ultimately the entire organism.
	www.msu.edu /course/te/802/science2001/804_Rogalla_cellularbio.htm (2158 words)

	Charles A. Lessman, Ph.D., Professor
		My research has centered on the experimental investigation of regulatory mechanisms in ovarian function, especially on the control and cellular mechanism of oocyte meiosis using amphibian, insect and teleost ovaries as experimental model systems.
		The research has focused on the effect of steroids and cytoskeleton-active agents such as taxol, nocodazole, soluble acrylamide and colcemid on the processes of nuclear migration within the oocyte and dissolution of the nuclear envelope during meiotic cell division (prophase I - metaphase I transition).
		C.A. (1997) Tubulin in Mega Dalton (MD)-complexes are major soluble cellular components in fully-grown oocytes but not in brain of the frog, Rana pipiens.
	biology.memphis.edu /clessman.htm (710 words)

	Context of my Unit
		Prior to the cellular processes unit, the first unit of the year was an extensive woodlot project using important ecology concepts.
		Following GRACER was a beginning cellular biology unit including the major organic components of life, the study of eukaryotic cells, and understanding the structure and function of cellular organelles.
		Concepts of photosynthesis and cellular respiration connection to previous topics such as: the requirements of cells for life, autotrophic and heterotrophic requirements/roles in the food web, organic compound structure and functional importance to life, the carbon-oxygen cycle, and the importance of the structure and function of cellular organelles.
	www.msu.edu /course/te/802/science2001/804_Rogalla_processes.htm (1668 words)

	美国专利申请公开说明书 20040018504 - Method for extracting quantitative information relating to interactions ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The method uses the measurement of cellular distribution of a detectable component (e.g.
		The method uses the knowledge that certain components can be stimulated to redistribute within the cell to defined locations.
		The extraction buffer comprises a cellular fixation agent and cellular permeabilisation agent.
	cxp.paterra.com /uspregrant20040018504cn.html (226 words)

	Integrative biological modeling
		We are interested not only in the interactions between cellular components but also in the resulting cellular behavior and its integration into the physiological context of an organism.
		We study how mutations affect the molecular properties of the cellular components, how the mutated components affect different pathways, and how these modified pathways confer cell growth advantages during tumor progression and metastasis.
		Having a global view of all these processes and their effects through all relevant levels of biological organization is crucial to identify and characterize the key control elements of the system.
	www.cbio.mskcc.org /~vilar/research.html (276 words)

	Cellular Respiration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Precursor metabolites (def) are intermediate molecules in catabolic and anabolic pathways that can be either oxidized to generate ATP or can be used to synthesize macromolecular subunits such as amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides.
		In this section we will concentrate primarily on harvesting energy and converting it to energy stored in ATP through the process of cellular respiration, but we will also look at some of the key precursor metabolites that are produced during this process.
		Cellular respiration (def) is the process cells use to convert the energy in the chemical bonds of nutrients to ATP energy.
	www.cat.cc.md.us /courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/metabolism/cellresp/cr.html (275 words)

	HIV & AIDS - The Isolation of HIV; Has it really been achieved? The case against
		If p24 detected in culture supernatants is a component of similar particles, viral or non-viral, then in density gradients all the p24 should be found at least in one band (fraction), even if not at a density of 1.16 gm/ml.
		It is intriguing to speculate that a cellular factor(s) may regulate the synthesis of HERV-K mRNA depending on the cell type or the state of differentiation.
		The relationships between the different ribodeoxyvirus groups reflect the relationships among the cellular components from which the viruses evolved and the convergent evolution of the viruses.
	www.virusmyth.com /aids/data/epreplypd.htm (12092 words)

	Outline 3
		This is the disruption of cells followed by the separation of cellular components.
		We will then study cellular respiration in these isolated mitochondria exactly as was done to unravel the mechanism of respiration.
		Depending upon the purity of the components added, these studies can allow the minimum components necessary for a process to be defined.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/e/ewingn/index/Outline3.html (629 words)

	Print Version
		The overall goal of the Alliance for Cellular Signaling is to understand as completely as possible the relationships between sets of inputs and outputs in signaling cells that vary both temporally and spatially.
		These are the pathways by which a cell converts compounds that enter it into cellular components (e.g., small molecules and macromolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, storage carbohydrates, and fatty acids), and by which the cell derives energy.
		However, most current studies of cellular mechanisms rely on a fl- box approach in which probes external to the cell are used to monitor cellular outputs in response to specific inputs.
	www.genomicglossaries.com /content/printpage.asp?REF=/content/metabolic_engineering.asp (3983 words)

	Workshop on Mathematical Cellular Biology, August 16-27, 1999
		The fields of molecular and cellular biology have undergone explosive growth over the last decade, with a wealth of biological detail emerging from high-tech experimental techniques.
		Cellular components can be used in designing articificial skin grafts, and artificial vessels.
		The understanding of the interactions of cells with their molecular components and extracellular matrix is vital to success in biomedical applications.
	www.pims.math.ca /sections/activities/cell.html (691 words)

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