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Topic: Cellulase

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	Cellulase, Enzymes, Cellulase Enzyme, Cellulase Enzymes, Cellulase enzyme supplement, Cellulase activity
		Cellulase may be beneficial for food and environmental allergies, drug withdrawal, cell detox, colon cleaning and pain syndromes, Candida(yeast infections), gas, bloating, acute food allergies, facial pain or paralysis.
		Cellulase is used as a treatment for Phytobezoars, a form of cellulose bezoar found in the human stomach.
		Cellulase is used in animal healthcare as a feed supplement for better FCR and Milk yeild Inhancer in Poultry and Cattle industry.
	www.enzymeindia.com /enzymes/cellulase.asp (516 words)

	Cellulase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cellulase is an enzyme complex which breaks down cellulose to beta-glucose.
		It is produced mainly by symbiotic bacteria in the ruminating chambers of herbivores.
		Cellulase is also used for commercial food processing in coffee.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cellulase (156 words)

	Neutral Cellulase, Neutral Cellulase Enzyme, Cellulase Enzyme, Neutral Cellulase Enzymes, Manufacturers, Exporters, ...
		The primary attraction towards the use of cellulase enzymes is to reduce or eliminate the need of stones, or to reduce the time needed to obtain the desired abrasion.
		Using cellulase as a substitute for the pumice stones prevents the damage to washing machines and the garments, eliminates the disposal of the used stones, improves the quality of the waste water and eliminates the need for labour intensive removal of stones from the finished garments.
		Cellulases from the fungus Aspergillus niger were used to enhance fibrillation, thereby improving the strength of paper by increasing fiber-fiber contact.
	www.enzymeindia.com /enzymes/neutral-cellulase.asp (598 words)

	Process for the preparation of cellulase - Patent 4634670
		Cellulase may be prepared in good yield and at relatively low cost by culturing certain mutant strains of the genus Trichoderma, which exhibit increased inducibility of cellulase by L-sorbose, in medium wherein the carbon source comprises cellulose-containing material of plant origin, for example, bagasses, waste papers, rice plant hulls and straws or soybean wastes.
		It is known to obtain sugar-containing liquor by the cellulase-hydrolysis of cellulose, said cellulase being obtained by fermentation of a microorganism of the genus Trichoderma.
		Mutant strains which exhibit increased inducibility of cellulase by L-sorbose may be derived from strains of the genus Trichoderma, capable of producing cellulase, by inducing mutations in conventional manner.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4634670.html (2431 words)

	Volume 2
		Cellulases are the group of hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of hydrolyzing insoluble cellulose to glucose.
		Some cellulases, particularly of bacterial origin, are known to be strongly associated with microbial cells (and apparently perform their catalytic function in vivo in an "immobilized" state), in contrast to the extensively studied extracellular fungal cellulases.
		At first sight it might seem that a study of cellulases (a system that requires characterization both of the multicomponent cellulase complex and the cellulosic substrates) might be impractical and that this area is destined to remain an empirical collection of experimental facts, an impression reinforced by past modes of presentation of data.
	aklyosov.home.comcast.net /Volume2.htm (16894 words)

	[No title]
		Cellulase enzyme preparation has been shown to be effective in the degradation of vegetable tissues and in the extraction of green tea components, vegetable proteins and starches.
		Cellulase enzyme preparation is also capable of modifying food materials such as vegetables, rice, and soybeans to markedly influence the digestibility, cooking quality, shape, and the yield of nutrients (Ref. 13).
		Nonetheless, in calculating the estimated dietary exposure to cellulase enzyme preparation, the agency made the conservative assumptions that no cellulase enzyme preparation is removed from the food by processing, and all foods that may be treated with cellulase enzyme preparation will be so treated.
	www.fda.gov /ohrms/dockets/98fr/052699a.txt (3151 words)

	Biomass Program: Cellulase Cost-Reduction Contracts
		Current commercial production of enzymes generally (for example in detergents) and for cellulase enzymes specifically (for example for "stone-washing" jeans) is relatively both small in scale (compared to the market size that would be needed to support a large-scale cellulosic ethanol industry) and recent (most industrial enzyme technology is only a few decades old).
		As such, cellulases are currently considered specialty products, and ten-tofifty-fold decreases in the effective cost of the enzymes are needed and believed to be achievable by reducing enzyme production costs and improving enzyme performance.
		Continuing work is expected to further reduce cellulase costs to about $0.10 per gallon of ethanol or less — the cost target established by the Biomass Program for this key element of sugar platform technology development.
	www.eere.energy.gov /biomass/cellulase_cost.html (260 words)

	CELLULASE ENZYMES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Of this cellulase remaining at the end of 60 minutes, 72% is removed by the subsequent rinse step and 95% is removed by the rinse and neutralization steps.
		Using cellulase as a substitute for the pumice stones prevents the damage to washing machines and the garments, eliminates the disposal of the used stones, improves the quality of the waste water and eliminates the need for labour intensive removal of stones from the finished garments.
		The buffering of the cellulase bath is very important as alkalinity is often released from the garments, which deteriorates the activity of the cellulases.
	www.snaimpex.com /cellulase_enzymes.htm (2099 words)

	Purification and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulase from Sinorhizobium fredii
		Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) is the key enzyme used by bacteria to decompose the plant root hair-wall during symbiosis.
		Carboxymethyl cellulase is probably involved in all of the infection stages.
		The carboxymethyl cellulase was eluted in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) with a 0.1 to 0.5 M NaCl gradient.
	ejournal.sinica.edu.tw /bbas/content/2004/2/Bot452-02.html (3902 words)

	Articles and Papers - Scientific Papers - Cell Differentiation - Cellulase and Cell Differentiation in Acer ...
		Different pH optima of cellulasse activity were found: in cambium, xylem and phloem tissue, cellulase activity with an optimum at about pH 5.9 is predominantly membrane-bound; it is sedimentable at 100,000 g and releasable by Triton X-100.
		Low cellulase activity with a pH optimum similar to that of xylem homogenates was found in xylem sap.
		The possible existence of several different cellulases forming part of a cellulase complex, and the role of the enzymes in hydrolysing wall material during cell differentiation are discussed.
	www.sheldrake.org /Articles&Papers/papers/cell/cellulasediff_abs.html (225 words)

	3.2 Cellulase production
		This relatively lower titer, may be attributed either to adsorption of the cellulase produced on to the Avicel, or rate limitation of aeration due to the high viscosity of the culture medium.
		Although cellulase culture has been investigated with the use of Avicel and other crystalline celluloses as carbon sources, cheaper carbon and nitrogen sources are desired in order to lower production costs.
		Cellulase fermentation was conducted with high-titer enzyme-producing strain CDU-11 under semi-batch conditions in a 4-L fermentor, using inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources and the pH-shift system.
	www.fao.org /docrep/w7241e/w7241e08.htm (1450 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Cellulases and hemicellulases have been evaluated for their ability to beneficially modify pulp and paper characteristics (Kibblewhite and Clark, 1996 ; Espana et al., 1998 ; Lin et al., 1995, Roncero et al., 2000 ; Suurnäkki et al., 2000 ; Torres et al., 2000).
		Moreover, cellulase treatment of dried pulp seems to increase the relative bonded area of the fibrous paper network, improving some paper properties (Pastor et al., 2001).
		One unit of cellulase activity (IU) is defined as the amount of enzyme that liberates one µmol of glucose equivalent per minute.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?jb03028 (3558 words)

	Dyadic: Textiles
		Additionally, stonewashing with cellulase is superior to washing with pumice alone because it increases garment softness and results in higher levels of fabric abrasion.
		Acid cellulase is aggressive, and although it produces high levels of abrasion, it also reduces the fabric’s tensile strength and results in a high amount of re-deposition, or backstaining.
		Cellulases are also used in biofinishing for the removal of surface hairs from garments for increased comfort and fashion.
	www.dyadic.com /wt/dyad/textiles (523 words)

	Cellulase assays
		Cellulase enzymes show activity during the ripening of some fruits, where their effects on cell walls results in softening of the fruit.
		Wells containing cellulase should have a clear zone around them, and the diameter of the zone gives a measure of the cellulase activity in that well.
		The technique is based on the action of cellulase enzymes which shorten the lengths of cellulose molecules in a viscous solution of wallpaper paste and cause it to become less viscous (runnier).
	www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk /osmoweb/cellulase.htm (468 words)

	Production and Partial Purification of Cellulase by Aspergillus niger and A. fumigatus Fermented in Coir waste and ...
		Fungi are the main cellulase producing microorganisms, though a few bacteria and actinomycetes have also been reported to yield cellulase activity.
		In general, bacterial cellulases are constitutively produced, whereas fungal cellulase is produced only in the presence of cellulose (Suto and Tomito, 2001).
		termits are the best cellulase degrader in soil from the tropic to desert, they stir and mix with the aid of bacteria, protozoa and fungi, thereby they effectively recycle cellulose.
	www.ispub.com /ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijmb/vol3n1/cellulase.xml (4676 words)

	Cellulase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The 100 U/ml stock solution of cellulase was diluted in 1X buffer A to make various concentrations of cellulase.
		Methods used to quantify cellulase activity measure reducing sugars; therefore, it is essential to remove contaminating sugars, maltose, before enzymatic assays can be made.
		To eliminate the possibility that cellulases present in the growth medium might interact with the column's matrix a desalting column made with an acrylamide matrix (BIO-RAD, 10DG) was tried, See Results section.
	www.cs.concordia.ca /~l_fu/protocol/protocolCellulase.htm (1061 words)

	The Studyies condition of Trichoderma Reesei LW1Solid State Fermentation Cellulase
		Cellulase is important enzyme required for catabolism of cellulose into smaller sugars in the animal metabolism.
		The activity of cellulase was checked after every 12 hours (Table.1).Whereas comparsion of cellulase activity during different time period (Fig.1) in ascending order was studied for selection of suitable time for production of maximum cellulase activity.
		Cellulase have a lot of industrial applications including production of food and medicines and help to breakdown the waste plants materials to clean up the environment.
	www.siu.edu /~ebl/leaflets/wang.htm (2052 words)

	Investigating the effect of enzyme concentration on the activity of cellulase.
		Investigating the effect of enzyme concentration on the activity of cellulase.
		Below is a short sample of the essay "Investigating the effect of enzyme concentration on the activity of cellulase.".
		On the next page is the graph of the mean rate of each different concentration of cellulase and the error bars to show the accuracy of the results.
	www.coursework.info /i/37245.html (741 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		These are degree of crystallinity and lignification and the capillary structure of cellulose. ; The crystallinity and lignification limit the accessibility and susceptibility of cellulose to cellulolytic enzymes and other hydrolytic agents (Fan et al., 1987).
		The stability of the cellulase spanned from 12 to 40 h except in corncob where there was a sluggish decrease from 28 to 40 h before the eventual decrease in the activity.
		The highest cellulase productivity with sawdust may be due to its very high percentage of cellulose which is the major component of cell walls of wood.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?jb03030 (1254 words)

	Cellulase Enzyme Technology 1998-99 Project Summaries
		The review panel concluded that cellulase systems with higher specific activities than current fungal cellulases are required to meet targeted objectives for FY 2010 and beyond.
		The measure of success for cellulase technology in this midterm context is one capable of producing the required cellulase activity for one-tenth the cost currently estimated.
		Approach/Background: Several cellulases have been identified at NREL that are promising both for production by recombinant DNA technology and for their activity in the degredation of biomass cellulose.
	bioenergy.ornl.gov /99summaries/cellulase.html (3491 words)

	Cellulase and xylanase assays
		Cellulases can be used for enhancing drainage rates, deinking, and disposing of cellulosic fines.
		Xylanase assays are similar to cellulase assays except that a solution of xylan (oat spelts or birch) is substituted for CMC or filter paper.
		These three enzymes act synergistically to degrade cellulose: That is to say, the release of reducing activity observed in the presence of all three enzymes is greater than the sum of the individual activities on any one substrate.
	www2.biotech.wisc.edu /jeffries/faq/cellulase_assays.html (506 words)

	Cellulase enzymes & Cellulose Fiber Information
		Cellulase enzymes digest cellulose fiber, and aids in malabsorption.
		The cellulase enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose fiber to cellobiose (a simpler cellulose chain).
		The cellulase enzymes break cellulose fiber down to beta-glucose (blood sugar).
	www.vaxa.com /cellulase.cfm (267 words)

	Cellulase Assessment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The information collected showed cellulase enzyme suitable for cellulose hydrolysis is available, but the cost -- $6/liter -- and usage, ½ liter per gallon ethanol -- is not economical.
		Since commercial enzyme formulations are more highly processed than is required for cellulose hydrolysis from biomass, the cost of cellulase enzyme for this application will be lower.
		NREL has no plans to conduct cellulase enzyme technology activities which are fully developed in industry.
	www.ceassist.com /assessment.htm (318 words)

	Cellulase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		However, it should be remembered that cellulase preparations generally contain other enzymatic activites besides cellulase, and these may also affect the properties of the preparations.
		The activity of cellulase preparations has been found to becompletely destroyed after 10-15 minutes at 80 °C. Solutionsof cellulase at pH 5-7 are stable for 24 hours at 4 °C. These products should be stored at 4 °C, in a dry place in tightlyclosed containers.
		Cellulase is used extensively in the isolation of plant protoplasts, frequently in combination with Macerozyme R10 (cat.no. 28302).
	www.serva.de /products/knowledge/061097.shtml (639 words)

	Biomass Program: Cellulase Enzyme Research
		The goal is to reduce the cost of using cellulase enzymes in the bioethanol process by employing cutting-edge and efficient biochemical technologies.
		The objective is to reduce cellulase cost to less than 5 cents per gallon of ethanol.
		The compositions of variably induced cellulase preparations from T.reesei are also being compared by this method and related to the overall activity of these cellulase preparations using the diafiltration saccharification assay.
	www.eere.energy.gov /biomass/cellulase_enzyme.html (1115 words)

	cellulase - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Cellulase refers to a class of enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze the cellulolysis (or hydrolysis of cellulose
		Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd: offers Cellulase enzymes for various industrial applications like a variety of pulp and paper applications.
		Cellulase enzymes and Cellulose Fiber Information Cellulase enzymes digest cellulose fiber, and aids in malabsorption.
	encarta.msn.com /cellulase.html (86 words)

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