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Topic: Celtiberians

	Celtiberians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cultural stronghold of Celtiberians was the northern area of the central meseta in the upper valleys of the Tagus and Douro east to the Iberus (Ebro) river, in the modern provinces of Soria, Guadalajara and Teruel.
		The two-edged sword adopted by the Romans was previously in use among the Celtiberians, and Latin lancea a thrown spear, was a Hispanic word, according to Varro.
		The Celtiberians were the most influential ethnic group in pre-Roman Iberia, but they had their largest impact on history during the Second Punic War, during which they became the (perhaps unwilling) allies of Carthage in its conflict with Rome, and crossed the Alps under Hannibal's command.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Celtiberians (898 words)

	Celtiberians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Celtiberians were a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain, before and during the Roman Empire.
		The ethnic map of Celtiberia was highly localized however, composed of different tribes and nations from the 3rd century centered upon fortified oppida and representing a wide ranging degree of local assimilation with the autochtonous cultures in a mixed Celtic and Iberian stock.
		Celtiberian culture was increasingly influenced by Rome in the two final centuries BCE.
	pda.molinu.com /wiki/en/ce/Celtiberians.htm (796 words)

	e-Keltoi: Volume 6, The Celts in Iberia: An Overview, by Lorrio and Ruiz Zapatero
		Therefore, the Celtiberians could have been Iberians who settled in the land of the Celts, which would directly contradict the traditional theories suggesting that the Celtiberian people developed as the result of a Celtic invasion of the land of the Iberians.
		For Almagro-Gorbea (1993: 146-152; 2001: 102), the Celtiberian culture emerged from this 'proto-Celtic' culture, although it was refined by the arrival of the Urnfield culture from the Ebro Valley to the Iberian Mountains, the future Celtiberia, which happened around the ninth or eighth century BC.
		The Celtiberian resistance to the Roman occupation is exemplified by Rome's blockade of Numantia.
	129.89.7.9 /Dept/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_4/lorrio_zapatero_6_4.html (17663 words)

	The Foreign Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Celtiberians and their horses, who had never seen elephants before, were thunderstruck and fled to the city.
		While Lucullus was on the march Marcellus notified the Celtiberians of the coming war, and gave back the hostages in response to their request.
		From this circumstance it was then suspected, and was strongly confirmed by later events, that he sought to persuade them to put their affairs in his hands, because he tried in every way to bring the war to an end before the arrival of Lucullus.
	www.chlt.org /sandbox/perseus/appian.fw_eng.xml/page.104.a.php (2489 words)

	Celtiberians - TheBestLinks.com - Alps, Bronze, Brythonic, Celtic languages, ...
		The Celtiberians dwelt in the Iberian Peninsula and spoke a Celtic language.
		The longest extant Celtiberian inscription is on one of several bronze plaques from Botorrita, near Saragossa, late 2nd century BCE.
		The Celtiberians had their largest impact on history during the Second Punic War, during which they became the (perhaps unwilling) allies of Carthage in its conflict with Rome, and crossed the Alps under Hannibal's command.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Celtiberian.html (353 words)

	e-Keltoi: Volume 6, Celtiberians: Problems and Debates, by Francisco Burillo Mozota
		This absence of a Celtiberian political unity explains the lack of a development of identity processes that could have been reflected in specific aspects of the material culture or settlement patterns and might be used today to identify a Celtiberian phase through the interpretation of the archaeological record.
		Celtiberians in the north of the Iberian Peninsula and in Aquitania
		Mortuary rites in the Celtiberian cemetery of Aragoncillo (Gaudalajara, Spain).
	www.uwm.edu /Dept/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_8/burillo_6_8.html (17686 words)

	Celt-Iberians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These Celtiberians inhabited the hill country between the sources of the Tagus (Tajo) and Iberus (Ebro) rivers, including most of the modern province of Soria and much of the neighbouring provinces of Guadalajara and Teruel.
		Horse bits, daggers, and shield fittings attest the warlike nature of the Celtiberians, and one of their inventions, the two-edged Spanish sword, was later adopted by the Romans.
		The Celtiberians first submitted to the Romans in 195 BC, but they were not completely under Roman domination until 133 BC, when Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus destroyed Numantia.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /celtiberians.htm (496 words)

	Incubus Designs - Serim Ral Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		By the early 400's a new culture in Spain had emerged a fusion of Celtic and Iberian and so the "Celtiberian" culture, peoples and kingdoms were born.
		Celtiberians occupy the european peninsula presently housing modern-day spain and portugal.Across the waters to the south lies Carthage.
		Celtiberian Warrior: The warriors of Celt-Iberia enjoyed a reputation as the finest barbarian mercenary infantry in the western world.
	www.incubusdesigns.com /show.asp?civtype=Celtiberians&gametype=AR (755 words)

	Spanish Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This war continued, almost without interruption, from the year 200 to 133, and was for the most part carried on at the same time in Hispania Citerior, where the Celtiberians were the most formidable adversaries, and in Hispania Ulterior, where the Lusitani were equally powerful.
		The Lusitani and Celtiberians who lived on the west coast, and central plains began raiding Roman Spain in the 160s, and continued to resist Roman attempts to pacify them until 133 BC.
		However, after engaging the Celtiberians, Mancinus managed to get his entire army of over twenty thousand men surrounded in a valley and was compelled to surrender to the Numantines.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /numantine-war.htm (2698 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The longest extant Celtiberian inscription is on one of several bronze plaques from Botorrita, near Saragossa, late 2nd century BC.
		After the Numantine War (154 - 133), Roman cultural influences increased; this is the period of the earliest Botorrita inscibed plaque; later plaques, significantly, are inscribed in Latin.
		These Celtiberians inhabited the hill country between the sources of the Tagus (Tajo) and Iberus (Ebro) rivers, including most of the modern province of Soria and much of the neighbouring...
	celtiberians.iqexpand.com /index.php?title=Numantine_War&action=edit (598 words)

	Search Results for "Lusitanians"
		Originally inhabited by the Lusitanians, a Celtiberian people, the mainland area was subjugated by...
		The Romans began war with the Celtiberians in 195, and with the Lusitanians in 193, and campaigned until victory in 175.
		Celtiberians inhabited the north-central plateau, to the west were Lusitanians, and throughout the rest of the peninsula lived some 20 other...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Lusitanians (184 words)

	Celts in spain, copyright John Patrick Parle
		The Celtiberians gained renown as mercenaries in the Carthaginian army, and later as fine auxiliary cavalry in the Roman army.
		Among the Celtiberian Vaccaei tribe, the harvests were held as common property to all, and reapportioned to the tribe families.
		But the Celtiberians and related tribes were still strong in Spain and very much favored their independence.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/391074 (1789 words)

	Iberian Peninsula, 1000 B.C.-1 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the first half of the millennium, Celtic tribes across the Pyrenees mix with the Iberians to form the Celtiberians, a large ethnographic group in the north central part of the peninsula.
		In the south, Iberian culture is influenced by civilizations of the eastern Mediterranean through trade and colonies established first by the Phoenicians, and later the Greeks, Carthaginians, and Romans.
		Celtiberians are employed as mercenary soldiers by the Carthaginians and later by the
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/04/eusi/ht04eusi.htm (456 words)

	Iberians, Celts, And Visigoths - Ancient Roman Empire Forums
		Celtiberians made up a lot of the foot soldiers of Carthage's forces against Rome.
		Furthermore, the biggest consequence from this data is that the whole presumption a 'Celtic'; invasion of Iberia during the 1st Millennia BC is rubbish as is the presumtion that the Celtiberians were racially different from the southern Iberians and the Lusitanians.
		There may have been an encrouchment of Celtic culture into Iberia when the Iberians in the north possibly adopted a Celtic 'Lingua Franca' from their trading partners, but there was no mass movement of people that caused a north and south genetic divide in Spain during the 1st Millennia BC...
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2285&st=0&#entry16480 (998 words)

	brazzilforum.com :: View topic - The Celts in Iberia
		The Celtiberians were comprised of numerous tribes, the best known being the Arevaci.
		The Celtiberians practiced cremation as the burial rite.
		Celtiberians proved to be one of the formidable foes of the Romans.
	www.brazzilforum.com /viewtopic.php?t=511 (2062 words)

	Pre-Roman Aragon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The diverse Celtic peoples (Celtiberians), extremely hostile to Rome occupied the western half of Aragon and their resistance to Roman occupation was fierce and protracted.
		The life of the Celtiberian was oriented towards the exaltation of personal bravery, honour and warfare.
		Unlike the Iberians, the Celtiberians did not bury their dead after battle, they left the bodies in the open air for the carrion birds in the belief that by doing so, the souls of the dead would be carried to heaven.
	goya.unizar.es /InfoGoya/Aragon_en/Prerromanos.html (437 words)

	Ancient Spanish (240-20 BC) - DBA 52
		A third possible army, the Celtiberians has been ignored all together, as well as the Roman-Spanish army led by Sertorius against Pompey.
		The 1x3Wb or 1x2Ps in the Celtiberian list is there because there are slightly more Wb than Ps in the DBM list but not quite enough for the 6:4 split in the variant DBA list.
		Celtiberians, as the name suggests, sport a mixture of styles.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/dba52.html (1100 words)

	Total War Center Forums - Provincial Map...
		Even more striking are the provinces of Peledonia and Lusonia which area based on two Celtiberian tribes, the Peledonii, reknown for their fight at Numantia and the Lusonii, a nearby smaller tribe.
		carisians, autrigones and vasconians: Ambatus; celtiberians, vacceans, and cantabrians: Ambatus y Ambadus; Gaul: Ambiacius and Ambigatus; ethnic gaulish: ambiani, ambibarii y ambiarii.
		vasconians and astures: Elanis, Elandus, Elanus y Eleasus; vaccean: Elanus, Elesus, Elaesus; celtiberian: Elauus, Elandus, Eladus and Elasunus; carpetanians: Elauus; cántabrians: Elanius; dacians: Elatius.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?t=21945&page=2 (2846 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Spain - IBERIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Celtiberians were farmers and herders who also excelled in metalworking crafts, which the Celts had brought from their Danubian homeland by way of Italy and southern France.
		The Celtiberians appear to have had no social or political organization larger than their matriarchal, collective, and independent clans.
		Greek pioneers from the island of Rhodes landed in Spain in the eighth century B.C. The Greek colony at Massilia (later Marseilles) maintained commercial ties with the Celtiberians in what is now Catalonia (Spanish, Cataluna; Catalan, Catalunya).
	encyclopaedic.net /world/spain/3.php (635 words)

	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Spanish Literature
		Sometime before the end of the 6th century bc, the region’s first inhabitants, the Iberians, began to mingle with the Celts, a nomadic people from central Europe.
		The two groups formed a people called Celtiberians, who spoke a form of Celtic.
		The literature of the Celtiberians of the southern part of the peninsula included epic poems and books of metrical laws, but it is now lost.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761575679___2/Spanish_Literature.html (798 words)

	h_a_05_eng
		The areas with the strongest Celtic presence and influence in the present Portuguese territory were Alentejo and the Algarve (despite what is normally said).
		The Lusitanians and the Celtiberians are the two great hispanic nations with a continental origin.
		It is therefore likely that these Celts expanded themselves to the West after being driven out by the Celtiberians (on their rear), and after meeting the powerful nation of the Lusitanians (that blocked their way), they diverted their forced migration to the meridional regions.
	www.geocities.com /alex221166/h_a_05_eng.html (1872 words)

	IGN Boards - Europa Barbarorum Preview! Iberia(Spain)!
		Nevertheless, the celtic expansion begins in the 9th century BC; the Iberians sustain and are reinforced by this probation and their civilization develops itself from the 5th to the 3rd century BC, influenced by Greek and Punic cultural influences.
		The Celtiberians were tribes who inhabited an area in present north-central Spain from the 3rd century BC onward.
		Horse bits, daggers, and shield fittings attest the warlike nature of the Celtiberians, and one of their inventions, the two-edged Iberian sword, was later adopted by the Romans.
	boards.ign.com /message.asp?topic=96022694&replies=5 (6168 words)

	Iberians: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the center, Celtic and Iberian culture mixed to produce the Celtiberians.
		Statues such as the Lady of Baza (right) and the Lady of Elx are thought to have been made by Iberians relatively well studied in art.
		The Iberians and Celtiberians were placed under Carthaginian rule for a short time between the Second and Third Punic Wars.
	winelib.com /wiki/Iberians (381 words)

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