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Topic: Celtic religion

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	Celtic Wedding Bands, History & Symbolism
		Celtic wedding bands contain one of the strongest symbols of marriage in existence today, yet are derived from one of the most ancient cultures and traditions of the past, dating back from the 1
		Although Celtic myth and druid priests were clearly a part of the Celtic peoples originally, Christianity was a prominent influence in these designs, co-mingled with ancient Celtic culture.
		The “Celtic trinity knot” is an obvious example of Celtic Christianity, whereby three interwoven strands symbolize the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit of the Christian faith.
	wedding-band-ring.com /Celtic-Rings.html (535 words)

	Llewellyn Encyclopedia: Celtic Religion
		The values of the gods were the values of Celtic society, and represented the healthy ideals of society and the individual.
		This local goddess was neither a maiden, matron, and crone of the moon (as a 20th-century theory would have it), and wasn’t necessarily remnant of "matriarchal" religion, for she was an ideal of male desire.
		Celtic religion—with its system of Druids, polytheism, rituals and incarnations of gods as famous heroes—is very similar to the religion of the Indians before the rise of Buddhism, the Krishna and Shiva cults, Jainism and other reform movements.
	www.llewellynencyclopedia.com /article/187 (2105 words)

	: mynfel's celtic hearth : religion :
		The Celtic religion was based on a pantheon of gods and sets of rituals and beliefs.
		Celtic art and sculpture became part of the Celtic/Christian religion, used in their churches and religious parafinalia, a fine example of which is the Book of Kells, now kept in Trinity College, Dublin, but which had it's beginnings on the Isle of Iona in Scotland.
		Once the religions combined, many of the Celtic gods were merely worshipped in the guise of the Christian religion - the easiest to recognise being Brigit becoming the handmaiden of the Virgin Mary - in the eyes of the Celts.
	members.tripod.com /~myncelt/religion (445 words)

	SM
		Celtic Christianity is believed to have been formed about 37 AD and was always autonomous, never serving any head of state, king, pontiff, or patriarch.
		The Celtic Church was never involved in the heresies and religious intrigues that marred the first three centuries of the Church and never associated with any other religious jurisdiction or denomination.
		The Holy Celtic Church is not interested in the number or size of its church groups, but rather in the understanding, sincerity and strength its members have in practicing the early Christian faith.
	celticsynod.org /celtic.htm (1309 words)

	Why Wicca Isn't Inherently Celtic
		In the Celtic languages the masculine and the feminine are often interchanged or appear not as we might expect, but that can be mainly attributed to the fact that the Celts did not view their world in masculine and feminine terms as Wiccans so often do.
		In Celtic religion the only requirement you need is to have a connection with the Celtic culture through family or study, and to be dedicated to the betterment of your "tribe", with very few other initiatory elements.
		Yet in Celtic religion, the requirement can be clearly and concisely stated, that being to fulfill one's duty, to always be honorable and to stand for the truth come what may, and while understanding why what is honorable is considered so.
	www.tangledmoon.org /wiccanotceltic.htm (4182 words)

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		The only sources for Celtic religious practises were written by Romans and Greeks, who considered the Celts little more than animals, and by later Celtic writers in Ireland and Wales who were writing from a Christian perspective.
		The mystic and religion of the Celtic tribes seems to be very complicated and confused like one of their artistic made symbols, but that is not true.
		In the greece-hellenic meaning they were self-acting creatures out of the borders of the natures, in the Celtic meaning they were special pieces of the nature with their own, individual actions, like human beings.
	www.uni-duisburg.de /SCHULEN/STG/Irland/Celts/ReligionCelts.htm (1276 words)

	CELTIC HISTORY; BRIEFLY... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Ancient Celtic religion, that underpinned every aspect of everyday life, was nature-venerating and polytheistic, recognizing many levels of supernatural beings and divinities, female as well as male.
		Celtic religion taught the reincarnation of all individual souls, and the appearance of divine beings on Earth.
		Celtic man on the continental mainland wore trousers with a tunic, but in Britain and Ireland the men wore a thigh-high tunic and a cloak, the ever-present dagger or sword, and leather or fur footgear tied around the legs.
	www.joellessacredgrove.com /Celtic/history.html (2936 words)

	Why Wicca Is Not Celtic Paganism - Version 2.5
		When we refer to the Celtic peoples and their religion we are talking about what existed in Gaelic, Gaulish, Brythonic and other Celtic religions during the golden age of the Celts.
		Celtic Pagan ritual will incorparate many of the same elements found in the Wiccan ritual, such as meditation, visulization, group singing and dancing to attune to one another, and special time to honor the dieties of the group.
		In Celtic religion life lessons are taught through mythological stories which are a central feature of the oral tradition of the culture.In Wicca, little emphasis is placed on this.
	www.draeconin.com /database/notcelt.htm (2908 words)

	Celtic Attic: Celts facts and fiction - Oldtime Religion
		Depending on the religion this god is also the head of the pantheon, or at least his father or grandfather and often also the god of thunder and lightning.
		We can be sure that in ancient Celtic Religion the year was divided in two main parts, the Winter half (starting with Samhain) and the Summer half (starting with Beltane) (although some theories want to set Samhain in the middle of the summer half, but that is probably nonsense).
		Obviously, the main belief in regard to kingship was that the well-being of the king reflected itself in the well-being of the land.
	www.celticattic.com /contact_us/the_celts/celtic_religion.htm (7849 words)

	Celtic mythology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts.
		In contrast, those Celtic peoples who maintained either their political or linguistic identities (such as the Gaels and Brythonic tribes of the British Isles) did transmit at least vestigial remnants of the mythologies of their Iron Age forebears, which were often recorded in written form during the Middle Ages.
		Lug is described in the Celtic myths as a latecomer to the list of deities, and is usually described as having the appearance of a young man. His weapons were the throwing-spear and sling, and in Ireland a festival called the Lughnasa (Modern Irish lúnasa) was held in his honour.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Celtic_mythology (2184 words)

	Neo-Celtic Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The origins of Druidry are lost in the remote past, though much of modern Druidry draws its inspiration from Celtic traditions.
		Like many Pagan religions, Druidry makes use of the pentagram and has a symbol for the Great Mother, Ana, root and base of all things, which is an upturned crescent moon.
		As Druidry is a nature based religion, they tend to meet outdoors rather than in buildings, so membership information and other material is usually sent out from individual homes rather than from a centralised office.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/europe/neocelt.html (579 words)

	Chocolate Deities: Celtic Cross, Celtic Cross
		The Celtic Cross, an icon of Celtic Art is one of the earliest symbols to combine the pagan and Christian traditions in one object.
		Fifteen years later, when the Celtic speaking, newly ordained Bishop of the early Christian Church came back to Ireland to tell folks of his newfound God, he did it with a deep seeded love for nature and appreciation for the earth-based religion that he was about to modify forever.
		Celtic scholar Christopher Bamford explains that the Celtic interpretation of the divine Savior’s mission was to be “all in all,” and reconcile humanity and nature in God.
	www.chocolatedeities.com /deity.php?deity=celtic_cross (991 words)

	Celtic Religion Lessons
		In many cases, these are springs that have curative powers, and in the cases of the springs of the Seine and Bath it is also visible from the archaeological finds that the curative power of the spring and its related god/godess were consciously sought.
		Into this category fall sites like the Pass Lueg, Austria, on which a Celtic Helmet (one of the most famous ones as it is the one depicted on the Gauloise cigarette packs) was found, or maybe also the hoard of Erstfeld, Switzerland, which is at the foot of the Great St.Gotthard pass over the alps.
		Obviously, the main belief in regard to kingship was that the wellbeing of the king reflected itself in the wellbeing of the land.
	northernway.org /school/onw/celtic/religion.html (8623 words)

	Why Wicca Is Not Celtic v.3.0
		The purspose of this exercise is to dispell the notion that Wicca is Celtic, or derived from Celtic religion.
		Traditional Celtic religions, as is the case with all religions, are cultural manifestations.
		Not only is Celtic religion vastly different in that it is truely polytheistic, totemistic, animistic, and zoomorphic but the very processes of reason upon which the whole of the Celtic worldview is based is founded on a tripartite cosmology.
	home.comcast.net /~uberrod/text4.html (5486 words)

	Bad Celtic Page
		Celtic languages which have not survived include Manx (last native speaker died in the 1970's), Cornish (last speaker from the early 19th century), Gaulish (speakers assimilated into Roman Empire), Galatian (Central Turkey, speakers assimilated into Roman Empre) and Celitiberian or Hispano Celtic (central Spain, speakers assimilated into Roman Empire).
		Celtic languages are descended from Indo-European, so they are, in fact, distantly related to English (although a little closer to Latin).
		Celtic is of interest to Indo-Europeanists because it is the western-most branch of Indo-European in Europe, so some archaic Indo-European linguistic (and perhaps cultural) features are preserved.
	www.personal.psu.edu /staff/e/j/ejp10/lingland/faqcelt.html (1804 words)

	Celtic Religion and Mythology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The study of Celtic mythology and religion is difficult for modern scholars because of the dearth of comprehensive sources.
		However, there are certain correlations, as with the Celtic god Lug and the Roman Mercury; the proliferation of images and inscriptions of Mercury, and the dearth of these for Lug, in addition to their common position as creators of all the arts, point to the likelihood that Caesar straightforwardly replaced Lug with Mercury.
		However, the lack of centralised deities meant that there was not a great deal of consistency among Celtic gods; "relatively few of the names from Gaulish inscriptions reappear in Ireland." Although the Gaulish gods were actual deities to be invoked and worshipped, there is no trace of this in insular tradition.
	arthsoc.drruss.net /Cauldron/celtic.html (1327 words)

	Celtic Mythology and Celtic Religion
		On the one hand, there is the mighty, ferocious Celtic warrior, famed and feared throughout the Roman empire, fighting naked or painted blue, screaming like a Berserker, and cutting off the heads of the enemy.
		From ancient Celtic and Norse mythology we enjoy such holiday traditions as holly and mistletoe (sacred to the druids), the yule log, Santa Claus in his aspects of Father Christmas or the Holly King.
		In any case, we find in Celtic mythology a strong foundation in ancient goddess (mother earth) and fertility religion (common throughout the ancient world), merged with the peculiar emphasis on the Otherworld and its accessibility to mankind found in the druid religion.
	www.heartoscotland.com /Categories/CelticMythology.htm (1673 words)

	Celtic Resources And References
		During the Celtic expansion the Druids were adopted by the highly religious Celts and the numerous Celtic deities and beliefs were adopted by the Druids.
		Celtic Pagans need both a strong sense of personal responsibility and a code of personal and social ethics in order to carry the Celtic spirit forward.
		The Celtic League is an inter-celtic organisation that campaigns for the social, political and cultural rights of the Celtic nations, as set out in the aims and objectives.
	www.tylwythteg.com /celtic2.html (4910 words)

	Ancient Celtic Religion
		There were many other components to religion in Celtic society before the Common Era, and they were integrated within the daily life, and still remain part of the culture.
		The Druids were the priests or ministers of religion among the ancient Celtic nations in Gaul, Britain, and Germany.
		This alternative to the dogmatic religions of so many is, for some, a way to retrieve their roots, and follow their ancestors' way of life to some degree.
	www.onlineessays.com /essays/history/his035.php (1441 words)

	Celtic Religion Overview
		The main theories follow the Dumezilian system, which postulates a tripartite structure where one part of the gods is the "warriors", one the "agro-culturalists", and one the craftsmen" gods as the common system behind the IE panthei.
		Some of the most important Celtic hoards have been found in such a situation, like the spring find from Duchcov, Czech Republic, in the springs of the Seine (the Gaulish Sequana), but also in the springs of Roman Aquae Sulis, today Bath in England.
		In many cases, these are springs that have curative powers, and in the cases of the springs of the Seine and Bath it is also visible from the archaeological finds that the curative power of the spring and its related god/goddess were consciously sought.
	www.celtic-twilight.com /otherworld/celtic_religion_overview.htm (7828 words)

	AllAboutIrish - Irish and Celtic Religion
		Religion has been an important influence on the Irish culture throughout history.
		The "ringing" of the traditional Angelus bells on the RTÉ is controversial in the view of some as the influence of the Catholic Church declines in Irish society.
		Look at the history of Irish Christmas traditions, their ties to the ancient Celtic Festival of Alban Arthuan and see how to add them to your Christmas celebration.
	www.allaboutirish.com /library/religion/dir-rel.shtm (444 words)

	Celtic Religion - what information do we really have
		Most of those are from the time of the Roman occupation and as such their use is partly limited, however, some are autochthonous and pre-Roman (mainly such from Southern Gaul and Spain).
		Some of the most important Celtic hoards have been found in such a situation, like the spring find from Duchcov, Chech Republic, in the springs of the Seine (the Gaulish Sequana), but also in the springs of Roman Aquae Sulis, today Bath in England.
		If you want you may distribute it freely as long as it is not used for commercial purposes and you include the email-adress of the author (a8700035@unet.univie.ac.at) for responses.
	draeconin.com /database/celtreli.htm (7880 words)

	CELTIC DRUIDISM
		The Christian Church adsorbed much of Celtic religion: many Pagan Gods and Goddesses became Christian saints; sacred springs and wells were preserved and associated with saints; many Pagan temple sites became the location of cathedrals.
		As a result, of the 374 Celtic deities which have been found, over 300 occur only once in the archaeological record; they are believed to be local deities.
		The closest analogy are the Celtic Virtues of honor, loyalty, hospitality, honesty, justice and courage.
	www.religioustolerance.org /druid.htm (3151 words)

	Neocelts: A Modern Celtic Religion
		Celtic Reconstructionism is becoming a popular movement among those who want to practice a religion that is Celtic in nature but not based on the Wiccan ritual model.
		To be part of the Neoceltic religion is to be bound by honor and loyalty to the Gods and each member of your tribe,clann or grove.
		It is not a religion to be taken lightly and adherents to it, should not practice other religions.
	www.imbas.org /articles/neocelts.html (628 words)

	Celtic Christianity
		Nobody really knows but there is a pre-Christian stone circle which has the form of a celtic cross.
		Celtic Art Net has a page about the Celtic Cross.
		The Celtic Christianity e-Library at the University of Lampeter in Wales is an initiative of the Centre for the Study of Religion in Celtic Societies.
	www2.gol.com /users/stuart/celtihs.html (552 words)

	Celtic Pagan Religion and Spirituality Society
		The Wicker Man (2-Disc Set)DVD Talk, OR - Dec 9, 2006A better case could be made for the Celtic Pagan dieties being far longer dead, like, fossilized.
		Celtic Christmas Concert with Boys of the LoughPittsburgh Tribune-Review, PA - Dec 10, 2006A Celtic Christmas with Boys of the Lough combines beautiful Christian and pagan winter holiday songs and instrumentals from throughout Ireland,...
		- The adaptation of the Carmina Gadelica to suit Pagans, reflecting a Celtic spirituality native to the Islands of Scotland.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Pagan/Celtic (541 words)

	Sorting out the Celtic Traditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The first distinctly "Celtic" culture is believed to have been born circa 800 B.C.E. By the sixth century they had expanded into what are now the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria, as well as Belgium, the Netherlands and all of northeastern France from Normandy to the Alps.
		The Roebuck: http://members.aol.com/akcroebuck/index.html - The Ancient Keltic Church is a religious organization dedicated to the rediscovery and revival of the pagan mystery faith of the ancient Celtic peoples, and the incorporation of this ancient faith into modern 20th century America.
		This is a fertility religion concerned with all aspects of prosperity, growth, abundance, creativity, and healing.
	www.joellessacredgrove.com /Celtic/celtictraditions.html (1369 words)

	Kennys: Celtic Books - Kennys Irish Bookshop, Galway, Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The two main areas of interest are Celtic religion and Celtic art.
		People often look for books on Celtic symbols and this brings into the second main area, where books on Celtic ornament are in demand.
		We pride ourselves on being able to direct the customer to the books she or he may not be aware of in their field.
	www.kennysirishbookshop.ie /categories/celtic (192 words)

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