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Topic: Cemal Gursel

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Cevdet Sunay

Celal Bayar

Fahri Koruturk

Turkish military coup, 1980

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Kenan Evren

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	Cemal Gürsel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cemal Gürsel, a statesman and a soldier, was a Turkish army officer, political leader and the 4th president of Turkey.
		Cemal Gürsel resisted pressure to continue military rule, was wounded as a result of a military assassination attempt on his life, thwarted subsequent multiple military coup attempts and played an important role in the preparation of a new constitution and return to the democratic order in Kemalist vision.
		He (Cemal Gursel) was not involved in the details of the organization of the coup d’etat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cemal_G%C3%BCrsel (1903 words)

	AllRefer.com - Cemal GUrsel (Turkish And Ottoman History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Cemal GUrsel[jemAl´ gUrsel´] Pronunciation Key, 1895–1966, Turkish army officer and political leader.
		GUrsel remained in the army and in 1958 became commander of Turkish ground forces.
		GUrsel resisted attempts to continue military rule and was elected president of the republic in 1961.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gursel-C.html (215 words)

	History
		The overthrown President, Prime Minister, ministers, deputies of the ruling party and the leading administrators of the ruling party, were taken into custody at the War College.
		General Cemal Gursel, the leader of the coup d'état, assumed the functions of the President, Prime Minister and the Chief of General Staff.
		In accordance with the Constitution, the 22 members of the MBK entered into Parliament as "Natural Senators" and Cemal Gursel was elected President.
	www.byegm.gov.tr /YAYINLARIMIZ/kitaplar/isteturkiye/english/history132.htm (771 words)

	Presidential Papers, Doc#1559 To Cemal Gursel, 11 June 1960. In The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower
		The uprising was led by sixty-five-year-old Lieutenant General Gursel, who had recently resigned as commander of ground forces as a protest against the government’s increasingly repressive actions toward political opponents.
		A 1929 graduate of the Turkish War College and a veteran of several wars, Gursel had had a long and distinguished military career.
		The day after the coup, Gursel had formed a provisional government, naming himself President and Premier.
	www.eisenhowermemorial.org /presidential-papers/second-term/documents/1559.cfm (605 words)

	Cemal - cemal sener CEMAL SENER cemal sener CEMAL SENER - Antoloji.Com Kitap
		Cemal - cemal sener CEMAL SENER cemal sener CEMAL SENER - Antoloji.Com Kitap
		CEMAL ZPUH - produkcja i sprzedaz opakowan foliowych oraz
		Teröristler, kendilerine müdahale etmek isteyen güvenlik görevlisi Cemal ÖZEN'i öldürdüler, Baskonsolos Kaya INAL'i yaraladilar.
	bukg.com /?q=cemal (197 words)

	AllRefer.com - Turkey, country, Asia and Europe : History : Turkey after AtatUrk (Turkey Political Geography) - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Many leading journalists were jailed, and tension erupted into the open in Apr., 1960, when university students demonstrated against the government.
		The attempts to suppress these outbreaks led directly to a coup in May by an army junta headed by Gen. Cemal GUrsel.
		The junta, which favored a return to Kemalist principles, placed Menderes, Bayar, and several hundred other Democratic party leaders on trial for having violated the constitution; Menderes and several others were executed.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Turkey-1-history-turkey-after-ataturk.html (537 words)

	Turkish Odyssey/About Turkey/History/The Republic Period
		On May 3, 1960, the commander of the land forces, General Cemal Gursel, demanded political reforms and resigned when they were refused.
		On May 27 the army acted; an almost bloodless coup was carried out by officers and cadets from the Istanbul and Ankara War colleges.
		Most of the senior officers wanted to withdraw the army from politics as soon as possible and in November 1960 the decision was taken.
	www.turkishodyssey.com /turkey/history/history4.htm (1503 words)

	National Security Council Will Not End Army Interventions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		It is noteworthy that the president is not involved in the process and the service chiefs sit in a committee whose other members for the most part have the status of federal secretary in the Pakistani context.
		The Pakistani NSC is comparable with the Turkish NSC first set up in 1961 when General Cemal Gursel returned the country to constitutional governance after military rule (1960-61).
		The NSC was also included in the 1982 constitution after another spell of direct military rule under General Kenan Evren.
	www.satribune.com /archives/apr11_17_04/P1_hasan.htm (1299 words)

	Anadolu Agency: News in English, 00-05-05
		When the Democratic Party won the elections in 1950, Celal Bayar, the leader of this political party, was elected as the President on May 22, 1950 and served for 10 years till the military intervention in 1960.
		Cemal Gursel, Cevdet Sunay and Fahri Koruturk became the next presidents of Turkey in accordance with the 1961 Constitution's rules for the presidential elections.
		Cemal Gursel 26 Oct 1961 638 607 434
	www.hri.org /news/turkey/anadolu/2000/00-05-05.anadolu.html (4847 words)

	[No title]
		An agreement between the leaders of four parties which contested indecisive elections on Oct. 15 was reached after almost 18 hours of political bargaining under the threat of an army coup d'etat.
		Gursel has headed the military junta the last 17 months.
		The military also had demanded pledges that there would be no changes in the laws passed by the junta and no leaders of the Menderes regime now in prison would be pardoned.
	minimalism.linguistics.arizona.edu /~hammond/ling696f-sp03/browncorpus.txt (24096 words)

	Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Control of the government was then gained by Prime Minister Adnan Menderes of the Democrat party, who won a landslide victory over Inonu in 1950.
		The excesses of his administration led to a coup in 1960 by Gen. Cemal Gursel and to Menderes's execution in 1961.
		A new constitution was adopted in 1961, and Inonu became prime minister.In the 1960s the old enmity between Greece and Turkey was revived by fighting on Cyprus between the Greek and Turkish sections of the population.
	cuneyteren.tripod.com /cuneyterenshomepage/id11.html (2702 words)

	Turkish Press Review, 02-02-11
		The United Nations declared year 2002 the "International Year of Mountains," and in Turkey this is being celebrated with mountain climbs organized to honor current and former Turkish presidents.
		The first such climb was of Mt. Palandoken in Erzurum on Jan. 19-20 to honor Cemal Gursel, followed by the climb in Bursa.
		The next scheduled climbs are slated for Mt. Davraz in Isparta on March 8-9 to honor Suleyman Demirel and for Mt. Suphan in Van on April 20-22 to honor Ismet Inonu.
	www.hri.org /news/turkey/trkpr/2002/02-02-11.trkpr.html (2024 words)

	A General History of the Near East, Chapter 18
		By 1960, the government was even harassing former president Inönü, who we noted was a war hero and Atatürk's chief lieutenant (see Chapter 15).
		This caused widespread protests, and on May 27, 1960, a group of young officers, led by General Cemal Gursel, arrested 600 members of the government; a year later they hanged Menderes and two associates on charges of corruption, and gave prison sentences to the rest.
		In July 1961 they installed a new constitution based on modern economic and social principles, with provisions to prevent abuses like those the Democrats had inflicted.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne18.html (18606 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		FOR THE TIME BEING, AT LEAST, THE ARMY WAS STICKING TO ITS PLEDGE OF POLITICAL NEUTRALITY, BUT NO ONE COULD BE SURE HOW LONG THE MILITARY WOULD RESIST THE IDEA OF RESTORING " STABILITY " BY STAGING ANOTHER TAKEOVER.
		BY WEEK'S END TURKEY'S PRESIDENT, GENERAL CEMAL GURSEL, CAME TO INONU AND ASKED HIM TO FORM A NEW CABINET ; CONCEIVABLY, HE MIGHT SUCCEED, BY PERSUADING ONE OF THE SMALL PARTIES TO JOIN A COALITION AND PICKING UP ENOUGH DEFECTORS ELSEWHERE TO SCRAPE UP A PARLIAMENTARY MAJORITY.
		AFTER ALL, INONU'S IMMEDIATE AIM WAS NOT A STABLE GOVERNMENT, BUT ANY GOVERNMENT AT ALL.
	www.ifs.tuwien.ac.at /~andi/somlib/data/time60/files/T527.txt (471 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		P89 _ANKARA, TURKEY, OCT& 24 (AP)_- Turkish political leaders bowed today to military pressure and agreed to form an emergency national front government with Gen& Cemal Gursel as president.
		P92 The army leaders threatened to form a new military government if the parties failed to sign an eight point protocol agreeing on Gen& Gursel as president.
		P93 Gen& Gursel has headed the military junta the last 17 months.
	davies-linguistics.byu.edu /courses/chum385/corpora/icame/BROWN.TXT (23936 words)

	Tourist Information Offices in Turkey
		Ticaret Odasi Carsisi No : 19/2, Phone : (446) 223 06 75 - 223 37 92 - 214 31 89, Fax : (446) 214 31 89
		Cemal Gursel Cad., No : 9/A, Phone : (442) 218 56 97 - 218 91 27 - 218 58 82, Fax : (442) 218 54 43
		Cemal Gursel Cad., Hafiz Avni Ogutcu Sok., No : 11, Phone : (454) 212 31 90 - 216 67 90 - 216 01 61, Fax : (454) 216 00 95
	www.about-turkey.com /guide/infof.htm (2766 words)

	JFK LINK - lbj_contents_papers1966_bk1
		Remarks at the Swearing In of Farris Bryant as Director, Once of Emergency Planning.
		Statement by the President Upon President Gursel's Return to Turkey.
		Messages on the Occasion of the Death of Former President Cemal Gursel of Turkey.
	www.jfklink.com /speeches/lbj/1966/lbj_contents_papers1966_bk1.html (8287 words)

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