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Topic: Cementum

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	Cementum -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cementum is a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth.
		In layers, the (Any smooth glossy coating that resembles ceramic glaze) enamel being the top, the cementum would be the third to last.
		From top to bottom: enamel is first, (Bone (calcified tissue) surrounding the pulp cavity of a tooth) dentin is next,cementum would would be next, then root, then (A mixture of cellulose fibers) pulp.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ce/cementum.htm (87 words)

	CWRU School of Dentistry - Class Notes (Oral Histology - Cementum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A layer of cementoblasts is adjacent to the cementoid.
		The cellular cementum is characterized by the presence of lacunae with canaliculi in which reside cementocytes.
		Notice that the canaliculi of cellular cementum have a tendency to be polarized and extend toward the periodontal ligament side of the root.
	www.cwru.edu /dental/web/histologyoral/imageinfo/teeth/cementumoverview.htm (407 words)

	Cementum - Is Accurately Aging Your Deer Important?
		Cementum is yellowish and softer than either dentine or enamel.
		cementum in anatomy, thin layer of bonelike material covering the roots and sometimes other parts of the teeth of mammals.
		The aim of this investigation was to assess the accuracy of cementum
	webinfosites.com /q/cementum.htm (248 words)

	Periodontal ligament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These ligaments are a specialized connective tissue that attach teeth from the cementum to the surrounding alveolar bone.
		Horizontal fibers attach to the cementum apical to the alveolar crest fibers and run perpendicularly from the root of the tooth to the alveolar bone.
		The attach from the cementum and insert to the surrounding bone at the base of the socket.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Periodontal_ligament (444 words)

	BHDtwo.html
		Cementum anchors the periodontal ligament to the root of the tooth.
		Cementum is the thinnest at the cementoenamel junction and is thickest at the apex.
		This is the soft specialized connective tissue located between the cementum covering the root of the tooth and the bone forming the alveolus, the bone of the tooth socket.
	www.uic.edu /classes/orla/orla312/BHDTwo.html (1866 words)

	Abstracts: Narayanan
		Cementum is the mineralized tissue which covers the roots of the teeth.
		Connective tissues of the periodontal ligament and gingiva are attached to the teeth through cementum, and this attachment is essential for tooth anchorage and tooth mobility.
		The cementum is deposited on growing tooth surfaces during tooth eruption and very little is known about the molecules, cells and mechanisms involved in cementogenesis.
	depts.washington.edu /ccohr/research/nrynan.htm (451 words)

	Cementum
		Cementum covers the enamel free roots and provides a point of attachment for the periodontal ligament.
		Similar in composition to woven bone it is 45-50% inorganic, primarily as hydroxyapatite crystals, and 50-55% organic material.
		Cementum is capable of formation, destruction and repair and remodels continually throughout life.
	www.vet.ed.ac.uk /clive/cal/Dentistry/website/basics/anatomy/cementum.html (56 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cementum covering the anatomical root, thickening toward the apical region, in a ground longitudinal section of a tooth.
		the cementum without cellular components that covers one-third to one-half of the tooth root adjacent to the cementoenamel junction; it is usually apposed by a layer of cellular cementum.
		the cementum covering the apical one-half to two-thirds of the tooth root, which contains cementocytes embedded in the calcified matrix; it is usually apposed by a layer of acellular cementum.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_c_19zPzhtm (2241 words)

	Comparison of the Thickness of the Cementum Layer in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients - Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The aim of this study was to compare the thickness of the cementum layer in Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in order to improve the understanding of dental mobility in Type 2 diabetes and its effect on tooth loss.
		The average thickness of the cementum layer in the decalcified teeth extracted from non-diabetic patients was compared to the average thickness of the cementum layer in Type 2 diabetic patients.
		The cementum layer was thicker at the apical part of the root and at the midpoint of the apical half, and thinner at the central part of the root and at the midpoint of the coronal half in Type 2 diabetic patients.
	www.thejcdp.com /issue018/gokhan/01gokhan.htm (337 words)

	Comparison of the Thickness of the Cementum Layer in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients - Findings
		A statistically significant difference with regard to the thickness of the cementum layer in the apical half of the root between Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p < 0.05) (t = -5.969).
		A statistically significant difference with regard to the thickness of the cementum layer in the central point of the root between Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p < 0.05) (t=4.044).
		A statistically significant difference with regard to the thickness of the cementum layer in the cervical half of the root between Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p < 0.05) (t=5.132).
	www.thejcdp.com /issue018/gokhan/06gokhan.htm (171 words)

	[No title]
		We evaluated the accuracy of ages assigned by Matson's Laboratory from examination of annuli in the cementum of incisor root tips of 111 known-age Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), 108 known-age mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and 74 known-age white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
		The accuracy provided by the cementum annuli method is necessary to determine whether various physical and populationparameters change significantly with age of the animal.
		Cementum annuli were studied in known-and unknown-age animals, and calcified, unstained thin sections were found to provide clear annulus patterns under polarized transmitted light.
	www.cnr.uidaho.edu /wlf314/labs/Toothwear_absts.doc (855 words)

	WSAVA 2001 - Endodontic Anatomy and Diagnosis in the Veterinary Patient
		Acellular cementum forms the innermost layer of cementum and is devoid of cells.
		Intermediate cementum is found at the cementodentinal junction and has characteristics of both cementum and dentin.
		The function of cementum is to provide attachment for the periodontal ligament fibers, which suspend the tooth from the alveolar bone.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00061.htm (2018 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To regenerate cementum or any other specialized tissue, it is necessary to attract cells able to produce the constituents of that tissue, secure the attachment of the cells to the intercellular substratum in the desired site, stimulate the proliferation of the cells and induce their differentiation into cells secreting tissue-specific constituents.
		Cementum with this type of attachment to bone is less likely to fracture than is PMMA cement.
		Definitions: Cementum attachment protein (CAP) is a protein of molecular mass approximately 56 kDa present in cementum and specifically expressed by mineralized tissue-forming cells of the periodontium.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/30726.990624&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4114 words)

	Growth Marks in Dental Cementum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Growth marks in dental cementum are an annual, cyclical event with species-specific patterning.
		However, reduced food intake theoretically results in a reduction of the functional, biomechanical stresses stimulating cementum growth and it is this stress reduction which may be considered the direct cause of the formation of annual "winter rest lines".
		The degree of canalization (e.g., the degree of correlation between the amplitude of environmental fluctuation and the relative width of cementum layers) is still improperly understood, however.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/anthropology/thin_section/marks.html (976 words)

	Periodontology Literature Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cementum previously exposed to the oral cavity interfere with healing after periodontal surgery in terms of new connective tissue attachment.
		Gottlieb in 1942, concluded that continual cementum deposition was necessary to maintain periodontal health, once periodontal disease is a disease of cementum.
		The possible mechanisms for the collagen decrease or loss are: (1) action of the factors responsible for the breakdown of collagen in surrounding connective tissue before the cementum is exposed (collagenase and proteolytic enzymes) and (2) action of bacteria and salivary enzymes would produce the changes after cementum is exposed.
	www.dent.ucla.edu /perio/visitors/cementum/lr_cementum13.html (579 words)

	Abstracts: Page
		Cementum attachment protein (CAP) has been isolated from bovine and human cementum and purified, and many of its properties studied.
		The presence or absence of cementum on the implant surface and an organized ligamentous attachment of the implant to bone will be assessed.
		Successful development of the model will permit detailed studies on regulation of cementum deposition and ligament formation by agents such as oncostatin M. In addition, the case types in which implants can be used would be greatly expanded, including their use in children and in bridges and other constructions involving both implants and natural teeth.
	depts.washington.edu /ccohr/research/pg.htm (249 words)

	Dentistrian - Solution for all your dental needs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		GV Black considered the functions of cementum, cementoblasts, and the reparative function.
		secondary cementum is similar to bone with canaliculi, cementocytes, calcified collagen matrix.
		cementum covered by pocket wall is less hard because of demineralisation and exposed cementum(recession) is harder due to salivary remineralisation.
	www.dentistrian.com /dentists/tutorial.html (762 words)

	Dental x-rays reveal mummies’ diets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cementum is a tissue covering the roots of the teeth and is believed to be laid down in annual rings.
		The results, which showed that metals such as zinc are concentrated in the cementum rings, have allowed the researchers to speculate about the these ancient people’s probable diet.
		The technique’s sensitivity combined with the nature of cementum deposition also means that signals from metals laid down during the mummy’s life can be separated from those that have accumulated in the teeth post-mortem.
	www.rsc.org /Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2004/10/CH0041000C74a.asp (207 words)

	Tooth Collection and Aging Bear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bear can be aged using a microscope to count the number of cementum layers in cross sections of premolar teeth from either the upper or lower jaw.
		Since the outer layer of a tooth root continues to grow, depositing yearly cementum layers throughout the lifetime of a bear, we can determine in which year tetracycline was given.
		This means the cementum lines during these years will be close together allowing us to get insight on fl bear reproduction (Figure 7).
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/0,1607,7-153-10363_10856_10890-27479--,00.html (1155 words)

	Incidence - Dentinal Hypersensitivity
		His histological studies also reported that in 30% of teeth the enamel and cementum touch without overlap and in 60-65% of teeth the cementum overlaps the enamel.
		Those teeth in which the cementum and enamel do not meet may be somewhat predisposed to developing dentinal hypersensitivity in the presence of gingival recession.
		The cementum in these areas has been extensively root planed, and the labial root surface of the upper right canine has been planed deeply down to dentin.
	www.dentalcare.com /soap/ce18ej/dhincid.htm (289 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ultrastructural observations on bacterial invasion in cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased human teeth.
		In this study the bacterial invasion in root cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased, caries-free human teeth was examined.
		At the base of the gingival pocket, bacteria were found in the spaces between remnants of Sharpey's fibers and their point of insertion in the cementum.
	www.dent.umich.edu /research/loeschelabs/abs4.15.html (320 words)

	Aging Gray Wolves by Tooth Wear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Goodwin and Ballard (1985) found cementum annuli to be an accurate technique for aging wolves, but it was impractical for use on live wolves because it required canine teeth.
		(1995) compared estimates of ages based on cementum annuli from wolf canines and premolars using 2 types of stain and found significant differences between the 2 teeth in annuli counts with one of the stains.
		Estimates from premolar cementum annuli were ±1 year of known age for wolves up to 3 years old, and 1-3 years under actual age for wolves up to 14 years old.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/2001/toothage/discuss.htm (648 words)

	23. Tooth and Gingiva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Especially near the apex of the root, where the cementum is thickest, cementocytes are embedded in the extracellular matrix (illustration).
		Indeed, the function of cementum is to anchor the periodontal ligament.
		Examine the free gingiva, the sulcular epithelium lining the sulcus, the enamel space between the gingiva and the missing enamel, and the junctional epithelium, with its epithelial attachment, (illustration).
	neuromedia.neurobio.ucla.edu /campbell/toothandgingiva/wp.htm (2420 words)

	Proboscidea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The grinding cheek teeth are very large (about the size of a brick) and complex in structure, with a large number of transverse ridges.
		These ridges are made of enamel, with the remainder of the tooth being comprised of cementum.
		The teeth are replaced on a conveyor belt system, coming in successively from behind, with the old tooth falling out the front of the mouth, usually in several pieces.
	www.ultimateungulate.com /Proboscidea.html (512 words)

	Matson's Lab: Defines cementum annalysis and standardized tooth types analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The basis for cementum aging is the cyclic nature of cementum growth, which results in an annular pattern of "rings" in the tooth like that formed in the wood of trees.
		Abundant, lightly staining cementum is formed during the growth seasons of spring and summer.
		The underlying physiologic/metabolic mechanisms for cyclic cementum growth are not known.
	www.matsonslab.com /Techniques/CementumAging/CementumAging.htm (366 words)

	CWRU School of Dentistry - Class Notes (Oral Histology - Study Guides) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cementum is deposited on the roots of teeth after disintegration of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath.
		Cementum attached periodontal ligament fibrs to the tooth.
		It is slightly less mineralized (50% vs. 65%) but is laid down by apposition, has lacunae, has canaliculi, and has "resting lines." On the other, hand, cementum does not have blood vessels, does not have osteons, and cannot remodel.
	www.cwru.edu /dental/web/histologyoral/studyguides/tooth/cem01.htm (88 words)

	Immunolocalization of a Human Cementoblastoma-conditioned Medium-derived Protein -- Arzate et al. 81 (8): 541 -- ...
		A cementocyte with cytoplasmic elongations localized within the cellular cementum is shown to be positive (arrow).
		Cementum attachment protein manifestation is restricted to the mineralized tissue forming cells of the periodontium.
		Specific cementum attachment protein enhances selectively the attachment and migration of periodontal cells to root surfaces.
	jdr.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/81/8/541 (3088 words)

	Mouse Cellular Cementum is Highly Dependent on Growth Hormone Status -- Smid et al. 83 (1): 35 -- Journal of Dental ...
		Cementum is the thin layer of mineralized tissue that attaches
		to the pulp cavity of the tooth crown, and (2) a cementum layer,
		Data are of cellular cementum lengths, acellular cementum lengths, and total cementum lengths (cellular+acellular).
	jdr.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/83/1/35 (2876 words)

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