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Topic: Censorship in France

	Censorship & Caricatures in 19th Century France
		During the 1700's, the art of engraving was unrestricted but the sale of prints was subject to censorship through the lieutenant general of the police.
		Censorship was lifted in 1814, when Napoleon was defeated and the Bourbon monarch Louis the XVIII was restored to the throne.
		In 1820, the assassination of the King's nephew led to the suspension of civil rights and regulation and censorship of newspapers and pamphlets.
	www.greatcaricatures.com /articles_galleries/history/censor_france (916 words)

	CENSORSHIP IN FRANCE : Encyclopedia Entry
		In standard conditions, France does not have censorship laws, being a liberal democracy respectful of freedom of press.
		During World War I, postal censorship was in force, as the French state thought it necessary to control the public's morale and thus engaged in a sort of psychological warfare.
		Censorship laws were revoked with the founding of the Fifth Republic in 1958, although cases of censorship still occurred (in particular concerning films or satirical newspapers).
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Censorship_in_France (1452 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Censorship
		Censorship is closely related to the concepts of freedom of speech and freedom of expression.
		Censorship is regarded among a majority of academics in the Western world as a typical feature of dictatorships and other authoritarian political systems.
		Censorship has been alleged to occur in such media policies as blurring the boundaries between hard news and news commentary, and in the appointment of allegedly biased commentators, such as a former government attorney, to serve as anchors of programs labeled as hard news but comprising primarily anti-criminal commentary.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Censorship (2748 words)

	fuckfrance.com - France: Censorship and the National Image (1616671) -
		The role of the press as an key participant in what is described as the Vichy Syndrome goes much further in explaining the initial hesitation, the subsequent defensiveness, and now the outright censorship of the French media in covering the current ethnic unrest.
		The behavior of the French media establishment since the outset of the ethnic turmoil that has spread throughout the country has attracted a great deal of commentary, in particular in the blogosphere.
		The oficial media explanation is that they are exercising their citizenly responsibility of avoiding faning flames of unrest, so as not to give encouragement to the delinquents carrying out the violence.
	www.fuckfrance.com /read.html?postid=1616671 (1918 words)

	NewsFactor Network \| France, U.S. Tangle Over Internet Censorship Issues
		A court in France is considering whether to force that country's Internet service providers (ISPs) to block access to U.S. sites that contain "hate material," particularly those featuring content sympathetic to Nazis.
		Lawyers for the plaintiffs are expected to argue that the U.S. First Amendment isn’t applicable in France.
		A group of Holocaust survivors is suing the state-owned French railway in a U.S. court.
	www.newsfactor.com /perl/story/13329.html (780 words)

	Google Now Censoring In China [SearchEngineWatch]
		They've agreed to impose censorship on the Google China service that's reported to be rolling out.
		Government imposed censorship is always worrying, because many people believe they should be able to decide what's good and bad, rather than their government doing this.
		But I also want Google to say no to China, to argue that the censorship the country wants to impose is not based on reasonable, fair laws or in accordance with Google's supposed mission of organizing the world's information.
	blog.searchenginewatch.com /blog/060125-072617 (2802 words)

	Censorship
		Censorship in America works partly by ignoring whatever is inconsistent with the official story.
		This censorship, whether the result of a centrally orchestrated campaign or a remarkable series of coincidences, has made it possible for false and misleading information about UFOs to be foisted on the American public.
		An example of this is the censorship of the essay against genocide written by John Bart Gerald.
	www.serendipity.li /cda.html (5202 words)

	Censorship - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Except for a brief period in France after the Revolution of 1789, political censorship continued to flourish in continental Europe until the rise of republican governments in the mid-19th century.
		State censorship remained severe in the Soviet Union and other countries where political opposition is suppressed by permitting the existence of only one party.
		In the mid-1970s India imposed strict censorship as part of an alleged state of emergency, while Argentina virtually suspended the importation of all foreign publications.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559522___8/Censorship.html (891 words)

	Censorship in France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Few statutory forms of censorship exist in France; however, a handful of topics are prohibited by law in all media in France, including Holocaust denial and advocacy of illegal drugs.
		Restrictive intellectual property laws in France can have an effect that practically equates to censorship, as when celebrities, corporations, or other parties move to prohibit publication on the grounds that it would infringe copyrights, trademarks.
		The press is largely unrestricted by law in France, although indirect pressures are sometimes applied to prevent publication of materials against the interests of the government or influential industries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Censorship_in_France (669 words)

	Censorship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sanitization (removal) and whitewashing are almost interchangeable terms that refer to a particular form of censorship via omission, which seeks to "clean up" the portrayal of particular issues and/or facts that are already known, but that may be in conflict with the point of view of the censor.
		Censorship is regarded among a majority of academics in the Western world as a typical feature of dictatorships and other authoritarian political systems.
		Censorship has been alleged to occur in such media policies as blurring the boundaries between hard news and news commentary, and in the appointment of allegedly biased commentators, such as a former government attorney, to serve as anchors of programs labeled as hard news but comprising primarily anti-criminal commentary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Censorship (2781 words)

	Censorship
		Censorship is the use of state power to control freedom of expression.
		The purpose of censorship is to maintain the status quo, to control the development of a society, or to stifle dissent among a subject people.
		Others point out the suppression of access to the means of dissemination of ideas by governmental bodies such as the FCC in the United States of America, or by a newspaper that refuses to run commentary the publisher disagrees with, or a lecture hall that refuses to rent itself out to a particular speaker.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ce/Censorship.html (305 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Censorship (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, censorship is often alleged when an essentially private entity, such as a corporation, regulates access to information in a communication forum that serves a significant share of the public.
		Censorship is regarded among a majority of academics in the Western world as a typical feature of dictatorships and other authoritarian political systems.
		In recent times, censorship has taken the form of limiting access to public information in more useful formats, such as electronic information used by regulatory agencies, while the right to access and disseminate reports based on public information is limited to forms of information that can only be analyzed by scanning or reading paper documents.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/censorship (3240 words)

	ipedia.com: Censorship Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Censorship is the use of state or group power to control freedom of...
		In a modern sense censorship consists of any attempt to suppress information, points of view, or method of expression such as art, or profanity.
		Censorship is a typical feature of dictatorships and other authoritarian political systems.
	www.ipedia.com /censorship.html (523 words)

	Censorship Information
		Sanitization (removal) and whitewashing are almost interchangeable terms that refer to a particular form of censorship via omission, which seeks to "clean up" the portrayal of particular issues and/or facts that are already known, but that may be in conflict with the point of view of the censor.
		Some thinkers understand censorship to include other attempts to suppress points of view or the exploitation of negative propaganda, media manipulation, spin, disinformation or "free speech zones." These methods tend to work by disseminating preferred information, by relegating open discourse to marginal forums, and by preventing other ideas from obtaining a receptive audience.
		Censorship has been alleged to occur in such media policies as blurring the boundaries between hard news and news commentary, and in the appointment of allegedly biased commentators, such as a former government attorney, to serve as anchors of programs labeled as hard news but comprising primarily anti-criminal commentary.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Censorship (2706 words)

	GE Maps censored by French Court \| Greenpeace International
		Marmande, France — If you fly over the south of France you might be tempted to believe that aliens have landed with a huge crop circle appearing in a field of maize.
		A French court has ordered Greenpeace France to remove a webpage featuring a Google Map showing the location of commercial GE maize fields in France -- despite an EU law which says the government should make the information available to the public.
		France is not the only country where the growing of GE organisms is shrouded in secrecy.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/news/crop-circle-270706 (499 words)

	Daily Press Briefing (August 19, 2003)
		France welcomes the signature of the Liberian peace agreement in Accra yesterday evening, which should represent a decisive step for the future of that country.
		Since the beginning of this affair, France has maintained a consistent stance: In the face of such tragedies and the grief of the families, we are doing everything in our power to satisfy their demands.
		France condemns in the strongest possible terms the attack against the UN headquarters in Baghdad.
	www.info-france-usa.org /news/briefing/us190803.asp (1746 words)

	FYI France (sm)(tm) 10.2002c Essay: "Censorship and Children, in the 'new' US of A"
		The new CIPA censorship legislation is one desperate result, perhaps -- or this I myself believe -- and there are other such desperations surfacing now, in the newly - traumatized "post - September 11" US, in which there seem to be so many of these threats upon which all experts disagree...
		The legal and political situation surrounding "censorship" procedurally is very similar to that surrounding "insanity", in the sense in which Michel Foucault and others have treated that latter term.
		The judgement that concerns for "censorship" might outweigh concerns about "pornography" is not an analytical one -- again we are dealing with emotions at most, perhaps, and with the often - hysterical reactions of the heart, rather than of the brain.
	www.fyifrance.com /f102002c.htm (3851 words)

	Censorship in France Information
		Few statutory forms of censorship exist in France; however, a handful of topics are prohibited by law in all media in France, including Holocaust denial and advocacy of illegal drugs.
		Restrictive intellectual property laws in France can have an effect that practically equates to censorship, as when celebrities, corporations, or other parties move to prohibit publication on the grounds that it would infringe copyrights, trademarks, or image rights.
		The press is largely unrestricted by law in France, although indirect pressures are sometimes applied to prevent publication of materials against the interests of the government.
	www.bookrags.com /Censorship_in_France (536 words)

	Amazon.com: 50 Ways to Fight Censorship: And Important Facts to Know About the Censors: Books: Dave Marsh,George ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Marsh (Born to Run) is a rock critic and leader in the fight against censorship and mandatory labeling of rock albums.
		He astutely eschews the conventional definition of censorship as state action to cover such phenomena as skewed news judgment that leads to chronic under-coverage of the U.S. labor movement, and the efforts of freelance censors.
		Censorship is defined; an annotated list of ten commandments for the fight are given.
	www.amazon.com /50-Ways-Fight-Censorship-Important/dp/1560250119 (1411 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : ACLU of Florida Sues to Stop Book Censorship by Miami-Dade County School Board
		“The Miami-Dade School Board’s decision to defy U.S. law prohibiting censorship and ignore the recommendation of their own superintendent and two committees is a slap in the face to our tradition of free speech and the school board’s own standards of due process,” said JoNel Newman, ACLU of Florida cooperating attorney.
		The last major case involving book censorship by a public school system was a New York case in 1982, Board of Education v.
		The ACLU sent a second letter to the school board warning the school district of the First Amendment and censorship issues at stake before the book was subsequently debated by an appeals committee.
	www.aclu.org /freespeech/censorship/26010prs20060621.html?s_src=RSS (790 words)

	FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN FRANCE
		France, which has a population of about 57 million people, has annual case filings in its appellate courts of about 169,000 civil cases alone.
		They were also fined 50,000 francs (about $10,000) and prohibited from exercising their profession for a period of six months.
		Thus even after 1789, the same mechanisms government authorization to publish and censorship used by kings prior to the Revolution were put back in place and continued as an integral part of French life and law with only sporadic interruptions throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
	www.lexhelp.com /mitterandarticle.htm (8562 words)

	Censorship and Free Speech Guide: Postal Censorship
		This page considers postal censorship and retail censorship, mechanisms for restricting access to content that are traditional and that retain their importance in advanced economies.
		France's 1947 'loi Bichet', for example was intended to ensure that every newspaper and magazine title had access to proper distribution.
		Retailing of erotica may also be 'zoned', with local government agencies for example refusing permission for vending of print or other publications from particular localities and implicitly or explicitly restricting sellers of adult content to specific precincts.
	www.caslon.com.au /censorshipguide11.htm (681 words)

	How Countries Are Regulating Internet Content
		France's well-used Minitel system is regulated by the CST (le Conseil Supérieur de la Télématique).
		In a style perhaps peculiar to France, regulation is through a "negative option"--IAPs do not have to abide by the code of conduct drawn up by the CST but those who abide by the code will be absolved of legal liabilities for text, images and documents transmitted.
		If so, those who say censorship and other forms of content regulation of the Net are futile miss the point [30]: censorship was never intended to be 100 percent effective.
	www.isoc.org /inet97/proceedings/B1/B1_3.HTM (3699 words)

	E-nough!: France Archives
		A SMALL village in France has been split by the will left by its late butcher, who bequeathed his house and land to the local council on condition that they were used to help to plan the communist revolution.
		France's television dream of mounting a challenge to CNN and the BBC has suffered an embarrassing setback after claims that the new channel would broadcast most of its output in English.
		The followers of Mitterrand came from all over France to admire their idol: the last socialist who was able to win a presidential election.
	www.e-nough.hmdnsgroup.com /archives/cat_france.html (9561 words)

	Winds of Change.NET: France: Censorship and the National Image (Site not responding. Last check: )
		MSM dissembling is deliberately aimed at under-reporting the extent of the violence, its causes, and its coordination.
		France has no intellectual leaders to pull it from the abyss.
		One of France's leading TV news executives [Jean-Claude Dassier, the director general of the rolling news service LCI] has admitted censoring his coverage of the riots in the country for fear of encouraging support for far-right politicians.
	www.windsofchange.net /archives/007738.php (3867 words)

	Censorship Quotations - Quotations
		We want censorship to protect someone else; the young, the unstable, the suggestible, the stupid.
		"Censorship of anything, at any time, in any place, on whatever pretense, has always been and always be the last resort of the boob and the bigot."
		This is not merely interference with freedom of the press but the sealing up of a nation's heart, the excision of its memory.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art35627.asp (2051 words)

	American Renaissance News: Worse than the Riots Themselves?
		One immense difficulty France will have in coming to grips with the November riots is that whenever someone comes close to telling the truth about them he is likely to be sued for incitement to racial hatred.
		France is being watched and other countries arre becoming increasingly aware of the threats posed by the dreck of the Third World.
		France, the center of the Revolution for universal human rights, Fance with its Paris of the terror that did not sleep, that consumed almost all of its masters, the foundation of the Napoleonic Empire is to be destroyed by the cancer which it imports from abroad.
	amren.com /mtnews/archives/2005/11/worse_than_the_riots_themselve.php (9124 words)

	Stephen Spencer
		Censorship is a device that government has used for centuries to control the flow of information in the populous.
		In the article Rousseau and the Case for (and against) Censorship, the author is discussing how the writer Rousseau, went about publishing his books during his life and the problems he encountered.
		The author states that, “Censorship might be a strategy for achieving common good, and that the legal paraphernalia of toleration might be a form of political control” (Smith 46).
	www.msu.edu /~spenc147/atl110/censors1.htm (813 words)

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