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Topic: Centaur objects

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	Centaur (planetoid) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Centaurs orbit the Sun between Jupiter and Neptune, crossing the orbits of the large gas giant planets.
		Dynamical studies of their orbits indicate that centaurs are probably an intermediate orbital state of objects transitioning from the Kuiper Belt to the Jupiter Family of short period comets.
		Centaurs will thus ultimately collide with the Sun or a planet or else they may be ejected into interstellar space after a close approach to one of the planets, particularly Jupiter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Centaur_(planetoid) (1552 words)

	centaur
		The orbits of the centaurs are dynamically unstable due to interactions with the giant planets, so they must be objects in transition from a large, outer reservoir of small bodies, believed to be the Kuiper belt, to potentially active, comet-like inner solar system objects.
		Classification of centaurs is often difficult and there is clearly a continuum of types that includes centaurs, comets, asteroids, Kuiper belt objects, and other entities such as cubewanos and Scattered Disk objects.
		Pholus, which orbits from Saturn to past Neptune, is a member of a subgroup known as red centaurs, remarkable for their surface coloration, which is believed to be due to a coating of organic materials.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/Centaur.html (348 words)

	Trans-Neptunian object - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Objects in orbital resonance with Neptune are plotted in red: (Neptune Trojans, plutinos, twotinos and a number of smaller families).
		Like Centaurs, TNO display a wide range of colours from blue-grey to very red but unlike the centaurs, clearly re-grouped into two classes, the distribution appears to be uniform.
		The intensity of light illuminating the object is known (from its distance to the Sun), and one assumes that most of its surface is in thermal equilibrium (usually not a bad assumption for an airless body).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object (2235 words)

	Centaur (planetoid)
		The centaurs are a class of icy planetoids that orbit the Sun between Jupiter and Neptune, named after the mythical race of centaurs.
		The first centaur to be discovered, 2060 Chiron was found to display a coma upon its approach to perihelion, and is now officially classified as both a comet (95/P Chiron) and an asteroid, although it is far larger than a typical comet and there is some lingering controversy.
		Centaurs are not in stable orbits and will eventually be removed from the solar system by the giant planets.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Astro/CentaurPlanetoid.html (378 words)

	A Summary of the Centaurs - by Philip Sedgwick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		When the objects gain enough mass and become gravitationally perturbed by larger influences such as Neptune and Jupiter, they may be pulled inside the orbital realm of the outer planets.
		A study of AIDS patients and their Centaurs as well as those patients of Jack Kevorkian, aka Dr. Death, who receive a death of dignity, is warranted by Nessus.
		The prevailing Centaur positions relate the focus of people at large and cause re-assessment of beliefs and convictions, whether original beliefs are restored or new ones chosen.
	ephemeral.info /qot/galastro.shtml (3268 words)

	Centaur's Bright Surface Spot Could be Crater of Fresh Ice
		As part of a survey of 10 Centaur objects, the Arizona team measured the surface composition of 8405 Asbolus on June 11, 1998.
		Instead of observing the Centaur for an uninterrupted 40 minutes, the astronomers studied it in two separate sessions spanning almost two hours over which both hemispheres of the asteroid were visible.
		She was the first to suggest that the Centaur must be spinning twice as fast as previously thought, making a complete rotation every 4.5 hours.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/asteroid-00m.html (791 words)

	SPACE.com -- Crazy Names: The Solar System's Nomenclature Wars
		Objects would be further defined based on how they are gravitationally glued to certain planets.
		Objects near Plutinos that are not attracted into resonances with Neptune are called cubewanos.
		In addition, Centaurs can be divided into four types based on how much their paths are tilted with respect to the main orbital plane of the solar system, Horner's team says.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/names_game_030812.html (1933 words)

	SeeSat-L May-99 : Milstar and Centaur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Centaur performs a small burn to place itself and the payload in to a 94 x 104 nautical mile parking orbit.
		Centaurs are extremely interesting objects to view, and there are only a handful of them at low altitudes in roughly circular orbits (Centaur 2, HEAO, SAX).
		This particular Centaur is 14' in diameter in comparison with the 10' diameter ones used with Atlases.
	www.satobs.org /seesat/May-1999/0009.html (674 words)

	[No title]
		Centaur 2 was an engineering test for the Centaur program, under development for the Surveyor lunar landing probes.
		The payload was the astronomical telescope Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2.
		These GTO Centaur objects have a very unique appearance, due to their size, tumble and eccentric orbit, that make them interesting satellites to observe.
	www.amsat.org /amsat/ftp/satinfo/objinfo.doc (6778 words)

	Preprints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Objects smaller than about r = 2:5 km have collisional disruption lifetimes less than 3.5 Gyr in the present-day collisional environment and have probably been heavily damaged in their interiors by large collisions.
		In the 30-50 AU region, impacts of 1 km radius comets onto individual 100 km radius objects occur on 7 \Theta 107-4 \Theta 108 yr time scales, cratering the surfaces of the larger objects with,8-54 craters 6 km in diameter over a 3.5 Gyr period.
		Therefore, the collisional/cratering histories of Centaurs are dominated by the time spent in the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt rather than the time spent on planet-crossing orbits.
	www.boulder.swri.edu /preprints/preprint.cgi?submit=Display&id=2 (321 words)

	HubbleSite - Release Text about "Centaur's Bright Surface Spot Could be Crater of Fresh Ice"
		While observing a 48-mile-wide (80-kilometer-wide) object called 8405 Asbolus, astronomers were surprised to find that one side of the object looks like it has a fresh crater estimated to be less than 10 million years old.
		Hubble didn't directly see the crater — the object is too small and far away — but a spectral analysis of its surface composition shows a complex chemistry, which they believe is due to freshly exposed ice from the impact that made the young crater.
		The Centaurs' orbits were perturbed into paths that carry them into the realm of the outer planets.
	hubblesite.org /newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2000/31/text (659 words)

	Kuiper History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The object was moving very slowly, and calculations by Brian Marsden some two weeks later revealed the object was about 41 AU from the sun.
		Final analysis of the images, which showed objects as faint as magnitude 28, revealed 59 possible candidates that would be equal to or greater than the size of Halley's comet.
		Another recently suggested possibility is that Pluto and its moon Charon may be the largest known objects in the Kuiper Belt, and that some of the icy moons of the outer planets may be also be former members that were captured.
	www.maa.agleia.de /Comet/kuiper_history.html (674 words)

	Chiron Lecture
		Centaurs are Kuiper refugees that have been pulled into the inner solar system by gravity of Neptune, and gradually will come into a regular orbit, crash into a planet, or some other fate.
		The other hyper-masculine centaurs, off in the forest, get a whiff of the wine on the wind and they go on the rampage, attacking Hercules, who fights them off, slays several, but is otherwise unscathed.
		Pholos attending to the dead centaurs outside of his cave, pulls the arrow from one and accidentally drops it on his foot.
	www.largocanyon.org /pi/chiron/chiron.htm (2996 words)

	Chiron and Friends - What Are The Centaurs
		In her book, "The Centaur Pholus", published in June 1996, speaking of the next Centaur to be named, she wrote, "I believe this one will be Nessus".
		The orbits of the Centaurs are dynamically unstable due to interactions with the giant planets, so they must be transition objects from a larger reservoir of small bodies to potentially active inner solar system objects.
		Then on March 9, 2000, it was discovered that the list of Centaurs http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/ps/list/Centaurs.html, which is overseen by Dr. Marsden, was now expanded to also include the Scattered-Disk Objects, such as 1999 TD10 and 1996 TL66.
	www.zanestein.com /page4_1.htm (787 words)

	SEDNA E 2004 DW in HOBBY ASTROLOGIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Astrologers either consult the centaurs, which are perturbed by various planets, or the aloof world of the transneptunians.
		The centaurs are our close dark archangels, but they are unable to encompass and judge creation.
		Thus the object is not a "supercentaur" and the classes of objects have increased by one.
	www.chat-line.net /forum/hobby_astrologia/message_1238.asp (15739 words)

	Unusual Minor Planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Centaur objects have perihelia beyond the orbit of Jupiter and semimajor axes inside the orbit of Neptune.
		Transneptunian objects have orbits with semimajor axes beyond the orbit of Neptune--some of these objects, generally assumed to be in librations with Neptune, have perihelion distances inside the orbit of Neptune.
		The 789 Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (the minor planets with the greatest potential for close approaches to the earth) include those objects with H brighter than or equal to V = 22.0 and an Earth MOID (see explanation) less than 0.05 AU.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /iau/lists/Unusual.html (214 words)

	The Kuiper Belt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In addition to these Kuiper Belt objects, also known as Transneptunian, asteroids, another group of objects orbit the sun among the giant planets of the outer solar system.
		Some of these objects have had their orbits futher modified by the giant planets' gravity fields with their high points now also lowered.
		If one of these objects were to fall into the inner solar system it would be awe inspriring.
	userpages.umbc.edu /~gwilson/kuiper.html (400 words)

	Delsanti et al., Near-infrared Color Properties of KBOs and Centaurs
		The observations were performed within the ESO Large Program on the “Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt Object and Centaurs” from January 2001 to August 2002.
		Centaurs with a H − K smaller than the Sun (0.06) systematically display the reddest B − V colors (at the 2.5 σ level).
		Resonant and scattered disk objects are under represented (7 and 9 objects resp.) and show no statistically significant trend.
	ifa.hawaii.edu /publications/preprints/05preprints/Delsanti_05-166.html (327 words)

	EUROPE: Western / Ancient Greece / Centaur Mythology
		This is the "Centaur Compendium" by Anthony G. Francis, Jr., a Ph.D. candidate in Artificial Intelligence at the College of Computing of the Georgia Institute of Technology.
		In astronomy and astrology, there are three different phenomena related to the Centaur: The two constellations of Centaurus and Sagittarius, the archer whose legend refers to the Centaurs, and a small planetoid which has been discovered in 1977 and given the name of Cheiron the wise Centaur.
		Chiron the planetoid was the first known of a special kind of astronomical objects of dual asteroid and comet nature called the Centaur objects....
	www.mythinglinks.org /euro~west~greece~Centaurs.html (2869 words)

	[No title]
		The centaur "exists" as content in my mind, but there is no object outside of the mind corresponding to this thought.
		Every mental phenomenon is characterized by what the Scholastics of the Middle Ages called the intentional (or mental) inexistence of an object, and what we might call, though not wholly unambiguously, reference to a content, direction toward an object (which is not to be understood here as meaning a thing), or immanent objectivity.
		The meaning of introspecting mental objects needs to be clarified, since imagists have been accused of holding the characteristics of mental images to be given infallibly through introspection.
	www.gis.net /~tbirch/mi6.htm (1513 words)

	Sea and Sky's Pictures in the Sky: May Constellations
		M51 is known as the Whirlpool Galaxy, and is one of the most beautiful face-on spirals in the sky.
		Centaurus, the Centaur, is one of the largest constellations in the sky.
		They would draw a line using the stars in the cross in order to determine the location of the south celestial pole, which is actually located in the constellation Ocatans.
	www.seasky.org /pictures/sky7b05.html (968 words)

	Plot of the Outer Solar System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		An animated version of this plot, showing the motion of the objects over a 100-year time period, is available from our Animations page.
		Unusual high-e objects are shown as cyan triangles, Centaur objects as orange triangles, Plutinos (objects in 2:3 resonance with Neptune) as white circles (Pluto itself is the large white symbol), scattered-disk objects as magenta circles and "classical" or "main-belt" objects as red circles.
		In this view, objects in direct orbits (most of the objects in this plot) move counterclockwise and the vernal equinox is towards the right.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /iau/lists/OuterPlot.html (261 words)

	FIND_ORB Orbit determination software
		If an object is within a planet's "sphere of influence" (the point where planet-centered osculating orbital elements are a better approximation to the object's motion than heliocentric elements), Find_Orb will usually switch from heliocentric to planet-centered elements.
		Some will object, reasonably, that the one-arcsecond limit is sometimes too high (for example, if you're dealing with highly precise observations from Hipparcos or UCAC-2 based or FASTT astrometry), and is sometimes too low (for example, if the data comes from any of the surveys or is old photographically-based astrometry).
		When this happens, it's common to determine a Väisälä orbit: one in which it's assumed that the object is at a particular distance from the sun, and that it is moving at right angles to the sun (that is, it's either at perihelion or aphelion).
	www.projectpluto.com /find_orb.htm (12128 words)

	Dave Jewitt: Publications on Kuiper Belt Objects
		Brown, M. E., and Koresko, C. Detection of Water Ice on the Centaur 1997 CU26.
		Jewitt, D. C., Luu, J. X., and Trujillo, C. Large Kuiper Belt Objects: The Mauna Kea 8k CCD Survey.
		Luu, J. X., and Jewitt, D. Color Diversity Among the Centaurs and Kuiper Belt Objects, Astron.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /faculty/jewitt/kb/kb-bib.html (1577 words)

	Archive of Astronomy Questions and Answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The orbits of the planets are shown in light blue and the current location of each object is marked by large dark-blue symbols.
		The current location of the minor bodies of the outer solar system are shown in different colors to denote different classes of object.
		Objects observed at only one opposition are denoted by open symbols, objects with multiple-opposition orbits are denoted by filled symbols.
	www.astronomycafe.net /qadir/q2138.html (306 words)

	[56.04] Thermal Structure of Centaur Objects
		The Centaur objects are a peculiar population among the small bodies in our Solar System, showing a wide range of color and various degrees of surface activity.
		The fundamental causes believed to induce global or local changes on the surfaces of these bodies, when the objects have a common origin in the Kuiper belt, are thermal evolution by insolation with or without radiogenic heating, and collisions among the same objects.
		The incident solar energy on the surface of Centaurs is sensitive to a number of parameters: the semi-major axis, the eccentricity of the orbit, and the rotation state (period, obliquity) of the specific object.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v37n3/dps2005/767.htm (194 words)

	Hawaiian Astronomical Society - Sagittarius
		Images of Sagittarius typically show a centaur firing a bow and arrow, hardly the image of a wise healer.
		This is a harder Messier object to resolve than most.
		This is a good object for 6" to 8" telescopes, just don't expect to see more than an oval.
	www.hawastsoc.org /deepsky/sgr/index.html (2159 words)

	William J. Romanishin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		My research involves the application of optical CCD imaging of astronomical objects using various large and small telescope, along with associated image processing techniques, to a variety of astronomical topics.
		A common theme of these projects is to obtain accurate measurements of the observed brightnesses of various astronomical objects, frequently in the presence of contaminating background or foreground light sources.
		Tegler and W. Romanishin, ``The Extraordinary Colors of the Trans- Neptunian Objects 1994 TB and 1993 SC", ICARUS 126, 212 (1997).
	www.nhn.ou.edu /~wjr/research/wromanishin.html (153 words)

	2060BIB.TEX: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF 2060 CHIRON REFERENCES
		Horner, J., Evans, N.W., and Bailey, M.E. Simulations of the population of Centaurs I: the bulk statistics.
		Stern, S.A. Implications of volatile release from object 2060 Chiron.
		Stern, S.A. and Campins, H. Chiron and the Centaurs: escapees from the Kuiper Belt.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /~umpire/science/2060bib.html (3976 words)

	Centaur Articles in Refereed Journals (sorted by date)
		Visible and Near-Infrared Photometry of the Centaur Objects 1995 GO and 5145 Pholus, Weintraub, D. A., Tegler, S. C., and Romanishin, W. 1997, Icarus, Volume 128, Issue 2, pp.
		Chiron and the Centaurs: Escapees from the Kuiper Belt, Stern, A. and Campins, H. 1996, Nature, vol.
		Determination of the masses of Saturn and Uranus from an analysis of the motion of the minor planets /944/ Hidalgo and /2060/ Chiron, Landgraf, W. 1983, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.
	www.boulder.swri.edu /ekonews/articles/ce_ref_date.html (2189 words)

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